Appendix

Toxicology Terms,
Abbreviations, and
Equivalents

TERMS

LENGTH

ppm = parts per million = 1/1,000,000

ppb = parts per billion = 1/1,000,000,000
mg% = milligrams/100 ml = mg/dl
mEq/l = milliequivalents/liter
mg/l = milligrams/liter
g/100ml = micrograms/100 milliliters
g/kg = micrograms/kilograms
mg/kg = milligrams/kilogram

1 cm = 0.3937 in
1 meter = 39.37 ft
1 micron = 1 106 meters
1 micron = 1 103 = 0.001 millimeters
1 angstrom = 1 105 = 0.00001 microns

EQUIVALENTS
1 ppm = 1 mg/kg = 1 mg/1,000,000 mg = 0.91 g/ton, =
0.0001%
Calculation: 1/1,000,000 = 0.000001. Then, 100 =
0.0001%
0.001 ppm = 1 ppb = 0.0000001%
0.01 ppm = 10ppb = 0.000001%
0.1 ppm = 100 ppb = 0.00001%
1.0 ppm = 0.0001%
10 ppm = 0.001%
100 ppm = 0.01%
1000 ppm = 0.1%
10,000 ppm = 1.0%
To convert ppm to percentage, move the decimal
point four places to the left. To convert percentage to
ppm, move the decimal point four places to the right.

AREA
1 acre = 43,560 square feet
1 acre = 4,047 square meters
1 hectare = 2.471 acres
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
1 square mile = 1 section = 640 acres

WEIGHT
1 grain = 64.8 milligrams
1 ounce = 28.35 grams
1 pound = 454 grams
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 ton = 907.18 kilograms
1 metric ton = 1000 kilograms
1 metric ton = 2204.6 pounds
1 gram = 15.43 grains
1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds
1 microgram (mcg, g) = 0.000,001 gram
1 nanogram (ng) = 0.000,000,001 gram
1 picogram (pg) = 0.000,000,000,001 gram

1 mg/g = 1 milligram/gram = 1000 ppm

1 mg/100 g = 10 ppm
1 g/kg = 1,000,000,000 g
1 g/1,000,000 mg = 1 g/1000 grams = 1 g/kg
1 g/g = 1 microgram /gram = 1 ppm
1 g/ml = 1 microgram/ milliliter = 1 ppm

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APPENDIX 4

VOLUME, FLUID

MISCELLANEOUS

1 ounce = 29.57 milliliters

1 quart = 0.946 liters
1 U.S. gallon = 3.785 liters
1 gallon water = 8.345 pounds
1 cubic foot = 28.32 liters
1 acre-foot = 3.259 105 gallons
1 liter = 1.057 quarts
1 liter = 0.264 gallons
1 liter = 61.03 cubic inches
1 liter = 1000 milliliters
1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters
1 tablespoon = 15 milliliters

Energy

VOLUME, DRY
1 bushel = 8 gallons
1 bushel = 4 pecks
1 bushel = 1.24 cubic feet
1 cubic foot 28.316 liters
1 cubic foot = 25.714 quarts
1 quart = 1.101 liters
1 cubic meter = 35.314 cubic feet
1 cubic inch = 16.387 milliliters

1 calorie = 4.184 joules

1 kcal = 1000 small calories or 4184 joules
1 joule = 0.239 calorie
1 calorie = 1000 calories = 0.003968 BTU (British
thermal units)
1BTU = 252 calories (gram) (at 15C)

Blood Levels
g% = g/dl = grams/100 milliliters
1 Kat/l (SI units) = 60 U/l (units per liter, conventional
units)
1 mol/l = 1 micromol/liter (SI units)
1 mmol/l = 1 millimol/liter (SI units)