Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Constitutional Law2 Outline
Constitutional Law2 Outline
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Concept and Origin of the Bill of Rights
Classification
1. Civil Rights
2. Political Rights
3. Social and Economic Rights
Doctrine of Preferred Freedom (Hierarchy of Rights)
PBM Employees Org. vs. PBM Co., Inc., 51 SCRA 189 (1973)
The Fundamental Powers of the State
Similarities, Differences and Limitations
POLICE POWER
Definition, Scope & Basis
Characteristics
Who exercises said power?
Tests of Police Power
Laws:
Balacuit v. CFI, G.R. No. L-38429, June 30, 1988
Lozano vs. Matinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, 180 SCRA 521 (1989)
Tablarin vs. Judge Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
Zoning and Regulatory Ordinances
Ermita Malate Hotel & Motel Operators v. City Mayor, 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
Cruz vs. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)
Velasco vs. Villegas, 120 SCRA 568 (1983)
Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
Tano v. Socrates, G.R. 110249, August 27, 1997
City of Manila v. Judge Laguio, G. R. No. 118127, april 12, 2005
Administrative Rules and Regulations
Bautista vs. Junio, 127 SCRA 329 (1984)
Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs. BOT, 119 SCRA 597 (1982)
Mirasol v. DPWH, G.R. No. 158793, June 8, 2006
Anglo-Fil Trading vs. Lazaro, 124 SCRA 494 (1983)
PPA v. Cipres Stevedoring, G.R. No. 145742, July 14, 2005
Chavez v. Romulo, G.R. No. 157036, June 9, 2004
EMINENT DOMAIN
Definition
Who exercises the power?
City of Manila vs. Chinese Cemetery of Manila, 40 Phil 349 (1919)
Moday v. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 368 (1997)
Sps. Yasay v CA, G.R. 156684
Constitutional limitation Art. II. Sec. 9
Distinguished from destruction due to necessity
Objects of Expropriation
RP. v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
NIA v Rural Bank, G.R. No. 185124
Where Expropriation Suit is Filed
Barangay San Roque v. Heirs of Pastor, GR 13896, June 20, 2000
Taking
TAXATION
Definition and Nature
Purpose
CIR vs. Algue, Inc., 158 SCRA 9 (1988)
Commissioner vs. Makasiar, 177 SCRA 27 (1989)
Scope (The power to tax is the power to destroy)
Who exercises the power?
Art. VI Sec. 28
Art. XIV, Sec 4 (3)
Art. X, Sec. 5
Tax Exemptions
YMCA vs. CIR, 33 Phil. 217 (1916)
Bishop of Nueva Segovia vs. Provincial Board, 51 Phil. 352 (1927)
Lladoc vs. CIR, 14 SCRA 292 (1965)
Province of Abra vs. Hernando, 107 SCRA 104 (1981)
Abra Valley College vs. Aquino, 162 SCRA 106 (1988)
American Bible Society vs. City of Manila 101 Phil. 386 (1957)
Double Taxation
Punzalan vs. municipal Board of Manila, 95 Phil. 46 (1954)
License Fees
Physical Therapy Org. vs. Municipal Board, G.R. 10448, August 30, 1957
DUE PROCESS
Art. III, Sec. 1
Art. III, Sec. 14 (1)
Definition, Nature and Scope
Purpose of the guaranty
Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884)
Meaning of Life, Liberty, and Property
Substantive Due Process
Villegas vs. Hu Chong Tsai Pao Ho, 86 SCRA 275 (1978)
Rubi vs. Prov. Board of Mindanao, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)
Void for Vagueness/Over breadth
Ople v. Torres, 292 SCRA 141. (1998)
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19, 2001
David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171390, May 3, 2006
Ong v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 126858, September 16, 2005
Procedural Due Process
Publication Requirement
Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
PITC v. Angeles, 263 SCRA 421 (1996)
Republic v. Extelcom, G.R. 147096, January 15, 2002
Impartial Court or Tribunal
Tanada vs. PAEC, 141 SCRA 307 (1986)
Anzaldo vs. Clave, 119 SCRA 353 (1982)
Tejano v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 159190, June 30, 2005
Tumey vs. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510 (1997)
People v. Court of Appeals, 262 SCRA 452 (1996)
Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 332 (1997)
Prejudicial Publicity
Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966)
EQUAL PROTECTION
Political, Economic and Social Equality
Art. XIII, Sec. 1 and 2 (social justice)
Id., Sec. 3 (protection to labor)
Art. XII, Sec. 10 (nationalization of business)
ID., Sec. 2, par. 2 (reservation of marine resources)
Art. II, Sec. 11 (free access to the courts)
Art. VIII, Sec. 5(5) (legal aid to poor)
Art. IX-C, Sec. 10 (protection of candidates)
Art. II, Sec. 26 (public service)
Art. II, Sec. 14 (equality of women and men)
Sexual Discrimination
Phil. Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
Administration of Justice
People vs. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1956)
People vs. Isinain, 85 Phil. 648 (1950)
Chavez v. PCGG, G.R. 130716, December 9, 1998
Nunez vs. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433 (1982)
Gallardo v. People, G.R. 142030, April 21, 2005
Public Policy
Central Bank Employees Assoc. v. BSP, G.R. No. 148208, Dec. 15, 2004
PNB v. Palma, G.R. 157279, August 9, 2005
Unido vs. COMELEC, 104 SCRA 17 (1981)
PJA vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703 (1993)
Olivarez v. Sandiganbayan, 248 SCRA 700 (1995)
Tiu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127410, January 20, 1999
Coconut Oil Refiners v. Torres, G.R. 132527, July 29, 2005
ISAE v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000
PHILRECA vs. DILG, G.R. No. 143076, June 10, 2003
Beltran v. Secretary of Health , G.R. No. 133640, November 25, 2005
Exclusionary rule
Art. III, Sec. 12 (3)
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine
People v. Alicano 251 SCRA 293 (1995)
Harris vs. New York, 401 U.S. 222 (1971)
New York vs. Quaries, 104 U.S. 2626 (1984)
Ho Wai Pang v People, GR 176229 (2011)
RIGHT TO BAIL
Art. III, Sec. 13
Bail Defined
Rule 114, Section 1, ROC
Kinds of Bail
Rule 114, Sections 10, 11, 14 & 15
When right may be invoked
Herras Teehankee vs. Rovira, 75 Phil. 634 (1945)
People vs. San Diego, 26 SCRA 522 (1968)
Cortes v. Judge Catral, A.M. No. RTJ-97-1387, September 10, 1997
Lavides v. CA, G.R. No. 129670, February 1, 2000
Government v. Judge Puruganan, G.R. 148571, December 17, 2002
Procedure for bail
Paderanga v. Drilon, 247 SCRA 741, (1995)
Go v. Bongolan, A.M. 99-1464, July 26, 1999
People v. Gako, G.R. 135045, December 15, 2000
Bail and Habeas Corpus
Enrile vs. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217 (1990)
People vs. Judge Donato, 198 SCRA 130 (1991)
Bail on appeal
People vs. Fortes, 223 SCRA 619 (1993)
Maguddatu v. CA, G.R. No. 139599, February 23, 2000
Obosa v. Court of Appeals, G.R. 114350, January 16, 1997
Standards for fixing bail
Rule 114, Sec. 9
Villasenor vs. Abano, 21 SCRA 312 (1967)
De la Camara vs. Enage, 41 SCRA 1 (1971)
Almeda vs. Villaluz, 66 SCRA 38 (1975)
Yap v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141529, June 6, 2001
Cabaero v. Caon, A.M. No. MTJ-01-369, September 20, 2001
Victory Liner v. Belosillo, G.R. 425 SCRA 79 (2004)
Bail and the Right to Travel Abroad
Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals, 142 SCRA 149 (1980)
RIGHTS OF AN ACCUSED
Art. III, Sec. 14
Presumption of Innocence
Proof beyond reasonable doubt
People vs. Dramayo, 42 SCRA 59 (1971)
Order of Trial
Alejandro vs. Pepito, 96 SCRA 322 (1988) (modified by Rule 119 Sec. 3 (e)
Presumption of Guilt
Dumlao vs. Comelec, 95 SCRA 392 (1980)
People vs. Mingoa, 92 Phil. 857 (1953)
Applicability to Juridical Persons
Feeder Intl Line vs. Ca CR 942 62, May 31, 1991
Official Duty
People vs. Martos, 211 SCRA 805 (1992)
Equipoise Rule
Corpuz vs. People, 194 SCRA 73 (1991)
Dizon Paminatuan v. People, July 11, 1994
Right to be heard personally or by counsel
Importance of Counsel
People vs. Holgado, 85 Phil. 752 (1950)
Delgado vs. CA, 145 SCRA 357 (1986)
Improvident Plea of guilt
People vs. Baluyot, 75 SCRA 148 (1977)
People vs. Magsi, 124 SCRA 69 (1983)
People v. Besonia, G.R. No. 151284-85, February 5, 2004
People v. Murillo, G.R. No. 134583, July 14, 2004
Right to Lawyer of Choice
People vs. Malunsing, 63 SCRA 493 (1975)
Libuit v. People, G.R. No. 154363, September 13, 2005
Deprivation of Right to be Heard
Moslares v. CA, 291 SCRA 440 (1998)
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PUNISHMENTS
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Involuntary servitude
Art. III, Sec. 18
Aclaracion vs. Gatmaitan, 64 SCRA 131 (1979)
Double Jeopardy
Art. III, Sec. 21
Rule 117, Sec. 7
R ule 120, Sec. 5
Elements
People vs. Obsania, 23 SCRA 1249 (1968)
Subsequent prosecution barred; Exceptions
Melo vs. People, 85 Phil. 766 (1959)
People vs. Yorac, 42 SCRA 230 (1971) (overruled)
PSB v. Bermoy, G.R. No. 151912, September 26, 2005
Heirs of Rillorta vs. Firme, 157 SCRA 518 (1988)
People vs. Miraflores, 115 SCRA 586 (1982)
People vs. Judge Vergara, 221 SCRA 560 (1993)
Tupaz v. Ulep, G.R. No. 127777, October 1, 1999
Argel v. Judge Pascua, A.M. No. RTJ-94-1131, August 20, 2001
Jurisdiction of Courts
People v. Bocar , 138 SCRA 166 (1985)
Galman vs. Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 (1986)
People vs. Grospe, 157 SCRA 154 (1988)
People vs. Judge Santiago, 174 SCRA 143 (1989)
Identity of Acts
People vs . Relova, 148 SCRA 292 (1987)
Identity of Offenses
People vs. City Court, 154 SCRA 175 (1987)
Nierras vs. acuycuy, 181 SCRA 1 (1990)
Military Court Proceedings
Cruz vs. Enrile, 160 SCRA 702 (1988)
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FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Art. III, Sec. 4
I d., Sec. 18 (1)
Purpose
United States vs. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731 (1918)
Burgos vs. Chief Of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984)
New York Times vs. Sulliven, 380 U.S. 51 (1964)
Restrictions
Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Social Weather Station v. Comelec, G.R. 147571, May 5, 2001
Balancing of Interest Test
Dangerous Tendency Test
Clear and Present Danger Test
Zaldivar vs. Sandiganbayan, 170 SCRA 1 (1989)
Sanidad vs. COMELEC, G.R. 90878, January 29, 1990
Reno v. ACLU, D-96-511, June 26, 1997
Miriam College v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127930, December 15, 2000
ABS-CBN Broadcasting c\Corp. v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000
Chavez vs. Comelec
Freedom of Expression, Libel and National Security
Babst vs. NBI, 132 SCRA 316 (1984)
Espuelas vs. NBI, 132 SCRA 316 (1984)
Elizalde vs. CFI, 116 SCRA 93 (1982)
Lopez vs. Court of Appeals, 34 SCRA 116 (1970)
PJI v. Thoenen, G.R. No. 143372, December 13, 2005
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989)
Borjal v. CA., 301 SCRA 1 (1999)
Baguio Midland Courier v. CA, G.R. No. 107566, November 25, 2004
Freedom of Expression and the Administration of Justice
Cabansag vs. Fernandez, 102 Phil. 152
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FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
BP Blg. 880 (Public Assembly Act of 1985)
Primicias vs. Fugoso, 80 Phil. 71 (1948)
Navarro vs. Villegas, 31 SCRA 730 (1970)
Ignacio vs. Ela, 99 Phil. 346 (1956)
J.B.I. Reyes vs. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553 (1983)
Ruiz vs. Gordon, 126 SCRA 233 (1983)
Malabanan vs. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359 (1984)
Arreza vs. GAUF, 137 SCRA 94 (1985)
German vs. Barangan, 135 SCRA 514 (1985)
Acosta v. CA and CSC GR 132088 Jun 28, 2000
Bayan v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169848, April 25, 2006
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
Art. III, Sec. 7
Baldoza vs. Dimaano, 71 SCRA 14 (1976)
Tanada vs. Tuvera, supra
Valmonte vs. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
Legaspi vs. CSC, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)
Garcia vs. BOI, 177 SCRA 374 (1989)
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION
Art. III, Sec. 8
Art. IX, Sec. 2 (5)
Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par. 2
Occena vs. COMELEC, 127 SCRA 404 (1985)
In re Edillon, 84 SCRA (1979)
Rotary Intl v. Rotary Club, 481 U.S. 537 (1987)
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Art. III, Sec. 5
Nonstablishment Clause
Operation of Secretarian schools
Art. XIV, Sec. 4(2)
Religions instruction in Public schools
Art. XIV, Sec. 3(3)
Civil Code, Art. 359(1)
Anti-evolution laws
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end.
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