Rates of Reaction

Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution

Concentration

Temperature

Increasing the concentration increases the rate Increasing

of a
the temperature increases the rate of a
reaction. This is because there are more particles
reaction.
in the This is because the particles move more quickly,
same volume therefore there will be more collisions.
there
More
will be more collisions and the proportion of collisions
of these collisions will have the required energy.which have the required energy is increased.

Catalysts

Temperature

Enthalpy Profile Diagram

A catalyst provides an alternative pathway of lower

activiation energy

Catalysts save energy because they

lower the activation energy
therefore lower temperatures are

At higher temperatures the curve shifts to the right. The

number of molecules exceeding Ea increases (area under the
graph is bigger)

needed.
Enzymes are biological catalysts

Catalysts
Examples of catalysts
Iron in the production of ammonia
Nickel in the production of margarine

With a catalyst the activation energy is lowered. More

particles have the required energy to react (the area under
the curve is greater)