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Introduction
Tetrahedron Element
Hexahedral Element

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3D problems
Sometimes there may be a demand for 3D
simulations Three independent variables x, y & z
Formulation Virtual work , Total minimum
PE, Weak formulation etc.
Field variables & derived quantities function
of x, y & z steady state problems.
Computationally expensive

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3D Solid meshed with tetrahedron elements

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3D solid meshed with hexahedral elements
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z

yz (1+ )(1 2 )

zx

xy

0
0
1 2
2

0
0

Symm

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0
1 2
2

0
0 x

0 y

0 z
yz
0 zx

1 2 xy

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