Question 2: Why do you think IBMs culture changed from formal,

stable, and individualistic to informal, impermanent, and team-oriented?

Initially
- Individualistic: focus on individual
promotions and achievement.
- Group leader.
- Formal: suits and white shirt.
- Stable structure.

Present
- Team oriented: Team effectiveness
- Team leader is built based on team
project.
- Informal work environment: help
employees feel more comfortable and
work more creatively.
- IBM team projects: are conducted at
the place where most big companies
dont do business.
- Impermanent structure: entering new
market.