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    hp41 programs for contemporary physics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    53 views100 pages

    Physics

    Uploaded by

    Predrag Djurdjevic
    hp41 programs for contemporary physics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    HEWLETT-PACKARD HP-41C USERS’ LIBRARY SOLUTIONS NOTICE The program material contained herein is supplied without representation or warranty of any kind. Hewlett-Packard Company therefore assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability, consequential or otherwise, of any kind arising from the use of this program material or any part thereof. INTRODUCTION ‘This HP-41C Solutions book was written to help you gat the most from your calculator. The programs were chosen to eo provide usetul calculations for many of the common problems encountered. They will provide you with immediate capabilities in your everyday calculations and you wil find them useful as guides to programming techniques for writing your own customized software. The comments on each program listing describe the approach used to reach the solution and help you follow the programmer's logic as you become and expert on your HP calculator. KEYING A PROGRAM INTO THE HP-41C ‘There are several things that you should keep in mind while you are keying in programs from the program listings provided in this book. The output from the HP 82143A printer provides a convenient way of listing and an easily understood method of keying in programs without showing every keystroke. This type of output is what appears in this handbook. Once you understand the procedure for keying programs in from the printed listings, you will ind this method simple and fast. Here is the procedure: 1 {At the end of each program listing is a listing of status information required to properly execute that program. Included is. the SIZE allocation required. Before you begin keying in the program, press [XE0] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] and specify the allo- cation (three digits; e.g., 10 should be specified as 010) Aso included in the status information is the display format and stalus of flags important to the program. To ensure proper execution, check to see that the display status of the HP-41C Is set as specified and check to see that all applicable flags are set or clear as specified 2. Set the HP-41C to PRGM mode (press the (FRG) key) and press MJ (GT9) =) G) to prepare the calculator for the new presen 3. Begin toying inte program Flowing st hist lp you when yuk in you programs om the progam ising ns handbook 2 When you se (quote mar) around character or group of characters inthe program ing, hose charactor are ALPHA, To key themin, simply press (ALPHA), key in the characters, then press [ALPHA] again, So" SAMPLE“ would be keyed in as (AipHA)"SAMPLE™~ (aupia) >_> Tre diame in ont of gach LBL instruction only a veut ad to lp you locate labels into rosa stings nen jokey 8 progam, noe the ond c. The printer indication of divide sign is /. When you see / in the program listing, press (=) ‘The printer indication of the multiply sign is # . When you see = in the program listing, press (&). ‘The F character in the program listing is an indication of the function. When you see F, press Mill GFPEND) in ALPHA mode (ese andthe ko, 1. A operations eqitng eter edcoeee accep one adesss in theo fms on (a og nmbo IND nn (INDIRECT: Mi), followed fy a two-digit number) X,Y, Z, T, orl (a STACK address: (4) followed by X, Y, Z, T, or L) IND X, Y, Z, Tor L (INDIRECT stack: 3G) followed by X, Y, Z, T, or L) Indirect addresses are specified by pressing Ml and then the indirect address. Stack addresses are specitiod by pressing () followed by X, Y, Z, T, or L. Indirect stack addresses are specified by pressing MC) and x, Y, Z, T, or L. Printer Listing Keptoes Display @1eLeL ~sAM (WB GEt) Pe) SamPce (AA) 07 LBL" SAMPLE Mecferareere (ee) THIS 1S A (ALPHA) 02" THIS IS A a (arm WN GEO SAMPLE 037 + SAMPLE 03 “SAMPLE B® aview Gana) 04 AVIEW o4 avieu A os 6 @6 ENTERT os ENTER oe ee or ce ea 83 aes 1@ STO IND 09 ABS eo. fasro WoL 12 ARCL Os 11'R3= 8 wi. ta anes 03 Hew eae 14 RIN *6. *9, 10. ll. TABLE OF CONTENTS BLACK BODY THERMAL RADIATION. sseseeeeeeeseresteeeereee Calculates the wavelength of maximum emissive power for a given temperature, and calculates the emissive power. BLACK HOLE CHARACTERISTICSsssseeeseesereeeeeeeee ag (3 Computes temperature, Schwarzchild radius, and life- time of a black hole. SPECIAL RELATIVITY CONVERSIONS: seseeeseeeeeeeeeceeeeee]2 Provides relativistic conversions between rest mass, velocity, energy, and momentum. THREE DIMENSIONAL SPECIAL RELATIVITY. sseveeveeeeees es el8 Computes intervals, dilation factors, and Lorentz trans- formations. EINSTEIN‘S TWIN PARADOX. ses eeeseeeeseeeeceeaeee eee 25 Calculates real and relative time based on the Lorentz transform. DELTA-V-ORBIT SIMULATOR. +. + 14030 Computes orbit parameters from initial position and velocity data. EQUATIONS OF MOTION. sssssevesarerseeneeneaeeereene ngs a 39 Computes the two unknown values based on any three known values of the following variables: distance, time, v-final, v-initial, and acceleration, ISOTOPE OVERLAP CORRECTIONS sss sseseeeeeereeeee eee e ee MG corrects for spillover between channels in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. SEMI-EMPIRICAL NUCLEAR MASS FORMULA. s+ se Calculates approximate binding energies and mass. CLEBSCH-GORDON COEFFICIENTS AND 3J SYMBOLS EVALUATION.59 Uses Racah formula to evaluate coupling of two states of angular momentum. 32-P REMAINING ON DAY OF YEARseeeveveereeeeeeeeee ne 66 Calculates DPM, CPM on any day given mCi on earlier date. * These programs require one additional memory module. BLACK BODY THERMAL RADIATION Bodies with finite temperatures emit thermal radiation. The higher the absolute temperature, the more thermal radiation emitted. Bodies which emit the maximum possible amount of energy at every wavelength for a specified temperature are said to be black bodies. While black bodies do not actually exist in nature, many surfaces may be assumed to be black for engineering considerations. Black body monochromatic Siiaaive power, | | | I | roof, I lea) 12 Wavelength, microns Flows Notes: A half minute or more may be required to obtain E/. .. or yg) Since the integration is numerical. Fyo-a) °F Becar-nay Sources differ on values for constants. This could yield small discrepancies between published tables and program outputs. Figure 1 is a representation of black body thermal emission as a function of wavelength. Note that as temperature increases, the area under the curves (total emissive power E, (g .,)) increases. Also note that the wavelength of maximum emissive power 2... shifts to the left as temperature increases. This program calculates the wavelength of maximum emissive power for a given temperature, the temperature for which a given wavelength would be the wavelength of maximum emissive power, the total emissive power over all wavelengths, the emissive power at a particular wavelength, the emissive power from zero to a specified wavelength, and the emissive power between specified wavelengths. Equations: Eggo=) = oT WEEP 1 Eu +200, tier « “sG6) Bota, ty) * Beco-dy) ~ Eb(o-d,) where: may is the wavelength of maximum emissivity in microns; Tis the absolute temperature in °R or K; Epon) is the total emissive power in Btujhr-ft? or Watts/em*: Eya is the emissive power at in Bru/heft?-um or Watts/ em? an; yo. is the emissive power for wavelengths less than ) in Btu/ hart? or Watts/em?; Ey, -A,) if the emissive power for wavelengths between Ny and Xe in Biu/he.ft? or Watts/om? 6 = 1.887982 < 107 Beye fife? = 5.9544 x 10? Wam* fem? ey = 2.58984 x 10 wm-?R = 1.4388 x 10 mk ©) = 5.216 x 10? um2R = 2.8978 x 10° jumeK = L713 x 10"? Brunet? °R* Wlem?-KS 6693 x 107! egy = 1.731 x 10°? Be Wam?-K' yhr-f2°R = $.729 x 107! References: HP-67/97 Users' Library Program. Example: What percentage of the radiant output of a lamp is in the visible range (0.4 to 0.7 microns) if the filament of the lamp is assumed to be a black body at 2400K? Keystrokes: (SIZE > 009) (usER] (x8q] [ALPHA] BB [ALPHA] SL [R/S] 2400 [R/S] +4 [R/S] () +7 [R/S] [c} i 100 [x] Display: (set USER mode) UNITS? TEMP? WAVELENGTH? SOLVE WV LNTH 27 EDTOT=188,094 0.0264 2.6412 : User Instruction ‘STEP | INSTRUCTIONS INPUT FUNCTION DISPLAY a 3. [Input code for desired units $I, or EN, st [R/S] 7 _ BN we re? unknown, press [R/S]. 5. |Input first wavelength. If wavelength is Xd [R/s] SOLVE eee imax for a given temperature A) | WLMAX= T such that 4 is jmax for T [B) TEMP= emissive power between zero and A _ [E] EbO-L= emissive power between Aj and [F] - WV_LNTH_2? L. a [R/s} | wot-t= t + | | | E ; _ _ P @ Program Listings Gi+LeL “SE az az a4 as as ar as as x cLRe cr 22 “UNITS?" AON PROMPT OFF AsSTO x GTO IND 1G*LBL “SI~ a1 12 12 14 onvog 5954.4 sTo a1 14382 STO a2 2897.8 STO 3 GTO 9a 20*¢LBL “EN~ 21 23 a4 Be 27 E-8 18se7sa2 STO @1 25398.4 STO a2 seis STO 8g 217k STO 94 29eLBL ao za Zi 22 23 "TEMP?" PROMPT sTo 8s “HAYELEN GTH?" Z4 25 6 Bao Deaoe 44 PROMPT STO GE "SOLVE" PROMPT *LBL A RCL 83 RCL a5 2 “HL MAx= ARCL x PROMPT 45¢LEL B 46 RCL 92 Initialize and prompt for units Store units Input prompting [Calculate imax ae 48 43 56 St 53 55 56 Ss? 59 60 é1 62 7a ISNANANAA CONTE NE 86 87 ae ao 36 a1 92 az 94 $5 ow Nang RCL oe “TEM ARCL & PROMPT 2eLBL c RCL a5 Rte Rte RCL 4 “EbTO ARCL x PROMPT *LBL D RCL @1 ENTERT PI 2 so a on “Eb ARCL PROMPT +LBL E a sTO es STO 67 +LBL G1 RDN CLK RCL a8 RCL a2 RCL as + To 98 xaos Calculate T(Amax)| Calculate E total Calculate E, Calculate B, (0-2) Program Listings 198 RCL a6 116 RCL ae 134 RDN 135 CLE 136 RCL a7 137 ENTERT 1Z8 + 139 PI 140 & 141 RCL a1 142 * 143 FS?C ag 144 RTH 145 “EbG-L=" 146 ARCL &. 147 PROMPT 148¢LeL F calculate E, ache) 143 “Hv CATH 25" 158 PROMPT 151 ENTERT 152 ENTERT 153 SF aa 154 XEQ E 155 K<>v 156 RCL a6 157 STO a6 158 RDN 159 STO 96 168 SF a9 161 XEQ E 162 - 163 ABS 164 RCL 96 165 STO O86 166 RDN 167 “EbL-L=" 168 ARCL & 169 PROMPT 170 END. 0 0 00 REGISTERS, STATUS, FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS’ DATA REGISTERS STATUS 7 ‘size 009 Tor. Reg. 57 USER MODE ENG Fix —4— sci on —X_ ofr —__ DEG RAD GRAD. FLAGS SET INDICATES CLEAR INDICATES Used ASSIGNMENTS, FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION. BLACK HOLE CHARACTERISTICS This program computes the Schwarzchild radius, lifetime and temperature of a black hole. A black bole of mass (M) in grams has a Schwarzchild radius (R,) in centimeters of: n= 224 e+ 2, 484986855 x 10° where G is the universal gravitational constant and c is the speed of light. The lifetime of a black hole (t,) in seconds is given by: bys Me ao?) The temperatures of a black hole (K) in degrees Kelvin is: 1026 W Notes: M must be greater than zero. Underflow occurs for R, when M < 6.734066343 x 1077? oa M < 2,154434653 x 107?* Overflow occurs for K when M < 1,000000001 x 1077 t, > 2,154434650 x 102° 1.484986854 x 107? = ~ Example: What is the temperature, Schwarzchild radius, and lifetime of a black hole with a mass of 1.99 x 10°° gm? Keystrokes: Display: [USER] (Set USER mode) (GQ] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 004 [XQ] [ALPHA] HOLE [ALPHA] ENTER KNOWN 1.99 [EEX] 33 [D] MASS=1. 990033 (3) TENP=5.0251E-8 [al RAD=295 512. 3832 (c] LIFE=7 . 8806271 User Instructions 004 @ [ser INSTRUCTIONS INPUT FUNCTION DISPLAY 1, | toad the program and set USER mode. [USER] 2. | Initialize the program. [XEQ] HOLE ENTER KNOWN 3, _| Enter any one of the following: Schwartzchild radius x, (4) 7 Temperature K (3) TEMP= Lifetime eu (c] LIFE Mass M [Dp] MASS= 4. | compute any or all of the following: Schwarzchild radius (Al = Temperature [3] TEMP= Lifetii {c] LIFE= Mass om Mass= For new case, go to step 2. 10 Program Listing GieLBL “Hol E* @2 CF 2 G3 “ENTER K NOWN” 64 AVIEN @5 RTN G6*LBL D Store and a7 FS?C 22 calculate mass 68 GTO 6B 9 RCL as 1O4LBL 04 11 “MASS=~ 12 ARCL x 13 AVIEN 14 RTH 15¢LBL eo 16 STO e3 17 GTO G4 18eLBL A 19 FS?C 22 Store and 26 GTO at calculate radius 21 1.484986 a5 6-28 22 RCL 93 23 * 24 STO 60 25¢LBL 95 26 “RAD=" 27 ARCL x 28 AVIEW 29 RTN 3QeLBL a1 31 STO ae 32 6.734066 34 E27 33 * 34 STO az 35 RCL 96 36 GTO 95 37*LBL B | Store and 38 Fs?c 22 calculate 39 GTO 92 temperature 48 1 E26 41 RCL 93 427 43 STO 61 44¢LBL G6 45 “TEN 46 ARCL X 47 AVIEN 48 RTN 49eLBL a2 5@ STO Gi Si 1 E26 52 x<>¥ 54 sTO a3 00, Store and calculate Lifetime REGISTERS, STATUS, DATA REGISTERS 10 [Radius 30 [Temperature _ [Lifetime fase FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS" STATUS size 004 Tor. REG. 29 USER MODE ENG Fix —___ sc ON X OFF ___ DEG RAD GRAD FLAGS INN IT SIC___SETINDICATES CLEAR INDICATES ASSIGNMENTS FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION 2 ‘SPECIAL RELATIVITY CONVERSIONS This program provides relativistic conversions between the following quan- tities: rest mass (m, in MeV); velocity (v, in units of c#l); energy (, in MeV), and momentum (P). Given any two, it is possible to find the two unknowns by the following equations: E = m/sQRrt(1-v?) E = SQRT (P?+ n°) B=P/v Data may be entered in any order and recalled at any time. The program scans the registers and, after determining if there is enough data to solve for the unknown, selects the appropriate subset of equations. Notes: All data must be positive. Velocity must be less than 1. "DATA ERROR" mes~ sage will be displayed if a real solution does not exist or the input data is outside these limits. 3 Examples: 1) Find the velocity and momentum of an electron (rest mass = .511 MeV) with a total energy of 1.0 MeV. Keystrokes: Display: [XEQ] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 005 {XEQ] [ALPHA] SRC [ALPHA] ENTER KNOWNS -511 [8] =5110 1 [DD] (a) {c} 2) At .9c, an electron has an energy of 1.1723 MeV. Find its rest mass and moment un. Keystrokes: Display: [xEQ] [ALPHA] SRC [ALPHA] ENTER KNOWNS 9 [A] 0. 9000 1.1723 (D] 1.1723 [B] M=0.5110 [c] +0551 “ er Instructions SIZE: 005 7 ime wer [ancien osmaw y L. [toad the progran- 2, |Initéalize the program. [xEQ]_sRc ENTER _KNOWNS 3. [unter the two values which are known: - velocit; tal w reat nase Bl ow moment un _ ta) @) energy Lor @ 4, [Sotve for the two unknowns: velocit: [A] bdo zeat nese ia Me moment um {c] Pe energy P) L 8 Program Listings Initialize and 31 Rt prompt for 52 peas) 53 SF aa | 54 GTO SS¢LBL a3 SORT Se 7 (-y? J?) 57 ASIN 58 COs 59 FS?C a5 68 GTO 16 61 RIN 12 “ENTER K | | 62¢LBL D Storage and NOWNS” 63 3 calculation of 13 PROMPT 64 XEa oa energy 14¢LBL A Storage and is 1 | calculation of 66 GTO 96 16 XEQ ao velocity 67 RCL a2 17 RCL a2 | 68 X=6? 18 X=07 69 GTO a7 19 GTO a1 74 FC? as 28 RCL a3 | 71 SF as 21 x#07 72 SF a6 22 GTO 15 73eLBL a8 23 XEQ 86 74 ROY 24 ENTERT 75 ASIN 25*LBL a7 76 COS 26 RDN 77s 27 RCL o4 78 FS?C 95 28 x<> 79 GTO 11 29 7 88 FS?C a6 30 SF 69 B1 GTO 12 31 GTO c | 82 RTN 32*LBL 6 Storage and | B3¢LBL C Storage and 332 calculation of 84 4 calculation of 34 xEO oa rest mass | 85 XEQ oa momentum 35 X=e? | 86 X=97 36 GTO 94 87 GTO a9 37 RCL OF 88 RCL 92 38 + 89 xX#a? 39 LASTX 98 XEQ ag 48 X40? 91 RCL 93 41 GTO 62 92 X=87 42 RCL 94 93 RDN 43 ENTERT 94 RCL ot 44 ENTERT 95 * 45 RCL a1 96 SF ao 46 7 S7*LBL c | Check for valid 474+LBL G2 98 x=e7 answer 48 ENTERT 397 49 RDN 168 FC?C 8a 16 Program L ting 1a1 1@2 103 104 185 106 197 168 189 RTN FS?C G1 GTo 14 FS?c 62 GTO 11 FS?C 63 GTO 12 Fs?c a4 GTO 13 11@¢LBL 10 1 aia 112 113 114 cr a ARCL X PROMPT 215¢LBL 11 116 117 118 119 cr 62 “N= ARCL x PROMPT 1264LBL 12 121 122 123 124 cr a3 eet ARCL X PROMPT 125*LBL 13 126 127 128 129 CF a4 =P: ARCL X PROMPT 130¢LBL 3a 131 132 133 134 a 135 aa 136 137 138 139 STO 0a Fs7c 22 GTO b SF IND & RCL IND xeO? STOP RCL @1 RTH 14LBL b 141 142 aa 143 RDN STO IND sToP 144¢LBL 81 145 146 147 RCL 83 ENTERT GTo a7 148¢LBL 84 Select output routine Velocity output Rest mass output] 149 RCL 156 GTO 151*LBL 152 RCL 153 xEQ 154 RCL 155 xEO 156 R-P 15? RTN 158*LBL. 159 RCL 160¢LBL 161 XEO 162 RCL 163 GTO 164¢LBL a4 a6 a2 a4 a2 a2 d © az a2 15 165 SF 85 166 GTO az 167 -END. 70 Energy output Momentum output 0 © Indirect storage| routine REGISTERS, STATUS, DATA REGISTERS Tadirect 30 Velocity Rest Mass Total, Ener; Momentum FLAGS, ASSIGNMEN' STATUS size 005 Tor. REG. 45 ENG Fix —— sci DEG RAD GRAD USER MODE ON OFF ___ FLAGS wit # SIC SETINDICATES CLEAR INDICATES ASSIGNMENTS | KEY FUNCTION FUNCTION 18 ‘THREE DIMENSIONAL SPECIAL RELATIVITY (requires one menory module) Given an event as the components of a 4-vector x'" = (x', y', 2", ct') in a frame of reference moving at a fraction of the speed of light 6 = (8%, A”, 8” Vic, this program will calculate the speed, ||, the time dilation factor, 7, the 4-vector of the event in the fixed frame, x", and the invariant interval, cat. Formulae: AR AR + BLG-1) rae + yoat'y bt = y(t +B R/c?) ye [ety B= Bl = 100%)" 408) 406%) J [az] = (ax2ay@4nz?y car? = c®at?-[ax|? Notes: The coordinate frames are assumed to be synchronized so that the event (0,0,0,0,) has the same coordinates in both franes. For a spacelike interval, c*At*<0, the calculator will display " - |cAt|" 9 Example: An observer moving relative to earth with velocity B = (.4, .5, .6) measures the coordinates of an event as x'" = (1, 2, 3, 4). a) What are the coordinates of the event relative to the earth frame? b) What is the interval between the event and the origin (0,0,0,0,)? Keystrokes: Display: (xEq] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 016 [xEQ] [ALPHA] 3D [ALPHA] DIMENSTONS? 3 [R/S] -4 [R/S] +5 [R/S] +6 [R/S] [R/s] IR/s] X PRIME? 1 [R/S] Y PRIME? 2 [R/S] ' Z PRIME? 3 [R/S] cT PRIME? 4 [R/S] cT=15.0130 [R/s] Z=10.7102 [x/s] Y=8.4251 [R/s] X=6.1401 [R/s] cdl. 4142 20 User Instrue ‘tions Size: 016 step INSTRUCTIONS INPUT FUNCTION osptay Qy 1, [ood the progran. | | 2, | tmitialize the program. [xEQ]_3D DIMENSIONS ? 3. | Input the number of dimensions n [R/s] BK? Input velocity in x direction. [R/S] By? =| 5. | tmput velocity in the ¥ direction. ey [R/s] Bz? Ingut velocity in the @ direction and ie compute speed. {r/s} SPEED= 7. | compute the corresponding dilation factor. [R/s} D.F.= 8. | Continue the program execution. (R/s) X PRIME? 9. | Input x’ coordinate of event. x IR/s] ¥ PRIME? 10. | Input _y' coordinate of event. [R/s] 2 PRIME? 12. | Input ef’ coordinate of event and calculate relative cl coordinate of event. er’ [R/S] ets 13. | Compute relative Z coordinate. [R/s] 14. | Compute relative ¥ coordinate. [e/s) | 15. | compute relative X coordinate. [R/S] 16. | Compute cht. [R/S] cdt= For new case go to step 2. Program Listing 2 @ieLeL “3p™ @2 “DINENSI ONSs?~ 63 PROMPT 64 XEQ E 95 CF a3 86 SF a2 a? FS? aa a2 CF a2 @9 FS? at 18 CF a2 11 FS? a1 12 SF a3 13 FS? a2 14 SF a3 15 "BK?" 16 FS? 92 17 PROMPT 18 "BY?" 19 FS? O32 28 PROMPT 21 "BZ?" 22 PROMPT 23 XE A 24 CLST “% PRIME 26 FS? B2 27 PROMPT 28 "Y PRIME 29 FS? 83 36 PROMPT 31 "2 PRIME 32 PROMPT 33 "cT PRIM 34 PROMPT 25 XEO B 36 REG © 37 RCL 13 28 Xt2 Bo 7 44 RCL 14 414 42 - 43% 44 RCL 14 45 RCL a7 Input prompting for F Input prompting for xt! Calculate x" 47 4g 43 se Si fa sta sto sTo S2*LBL Sz 54 5S 56 12 57 se so 6a 61 62 63 12 64 RCL STO RCL REL * RCL 5 sta cLx RoL + 5 sT+ cLx RDN sto 15 oa 12 aa aa 12 IND 12 IND N IND PROMPT FS? a6 GTo D "y ARCL 6 PROMPT FS? a1 GTo D 161 182 183 144 ARCL 1 195 PROMPT 1@6 GTO D 1@7¢LEL A STO az FS? ao GTO a6 x<>¥ R-P LASTS STO 91 R Lis Program Listings 196 3600 149 K<>Y 161 ise 7 142 151 RCL 96 163 ARCL * | 152 + 164 AVIEW | 153 2 195 STOP 154 * 196 GTO B — 155 SORT 1G74LBL 31 Hyperbola or 156 STO 92 v 198 RCL 65 parabola 157 RCL a7 new 199 1 158 RCL aa 11@ RCL a3 159 RCL 82 411 17% 166 * 112 - 161 7 113 x#a? 162 INT 114 GTO 96 1623 X=07 1S “PARABOL 164 LAST Ae 165 ASIN 116 AYIEW 166 RCL 97 117 STOP 167 RCL a1 118 GTO B | 168 RCL 10 119¢LBL 96 | 169 - 120 “HYPEREO | 178 SIN Lae a7. * 121 AVIEW 172 %>O? 122 7 173 GTO 8a 123 “s=- 174 CLX 124 ARCL X 175 186 125 AVIEM 176 - 126 RCL a8 iz? CHS 127 17% | 178 Rt 128 acos 179¢LBL 3a 129 “2A= 186 RDN | 136 ARCL x 181 RCL @1 131 AVIEW 182 + 132 STOP 183 XE@ 5a 133 GTO B 184 STO 83 : 134¢LBL C Move to new 0 185 GTO 99 new 135 XEGQ 5a 186¢LBL D a - 136 STO a1 187 P-R Change velocity 137 RCL 10 188 RCL 93 138 - 189 RCL 82 139 cos 198 P-R 148 RCL a8 191 ST+ Z 141 * 192 RDN 142 1 193 ST+ Z 143 + 194 RDN 144 RCL a9 195 R-P 145 7 196 STO a2 146 17x 197 RDN 147 STO aa Rey 198 XEQ 50 148 RCL a4 199 STO 93 ar Program Listings 206 XEQ 51 e = 251 RCL 64 2G1¢LBL 69 ene 252 xT2 Bea"te ougrusgorition | 355 263 ARCL oa 254 1 204 AVIEW 255 + Ses “4 256 S@RT 2G6 ARCL at 257 STO 68 Eccentricity | 207 AVIEW 258 RCL a1 2ee “Vv. 259 RCL a7 209 ARCL eZ 260 xt2 216 AVIEW 261 RCL 04 B11 "vas" 262 7 212 ARCL az 263 STO a9 R. 213 AVIEW 264 RCL 26 ° 214 STOP 265 + 215 GTO as - 266 1 216*LBL 5@ Scale an angle ora i Bi? i 268 RCL oe | 218 P-R 269 7 ! | 219 R-P 278 INT | 220 RDN 271 %*0? | 221 x#a2 72 GTO aa | Bez x>a? 273 CLE 223 RTN 274 LASTX 224 360 275¢LBL 9a 325 + 276 ACOs 226 RTM | 277 RCL Oz 2274LBL 51 | Calculate new eee ees 228 RCL 92 orbit geometry oa 229 xt2 280 cos 23a 2 281 LASTX 231 7 282 SIN 232 RCL a4 263 * 232 RCL aa 284 x 285 GTO 9a 335 — 286 RDN | 236 STO a6 Energy 287 CHS | 237 RCL as 288 Rt | 238 RCL a1 289*LBL oa | 239 — 296 RDN 24a SIN 2a1 + 241 RCL oe 292 XEQ Baa + 292 sTa e'(AP) 243 RCL a2 294 . EN i 244 * i 245 sto a7 Angular momentum _ 246 Xt2 - Ba? 2 248 * 249 RCL 96 : 250 * 0 “REGISTERS, STATUS, FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS DATA REGISTERS Oo DIst_W 0 Bearing (A). —|speea —_ Speed ing_W, em [rem Ener} size O11 ENG DEG wit # sic FUNCTION STATUS Tor.ReG. 77: USER MODE. FIX scl____ ON-_oFF___ RAD GRAD FLAGS ‘SET INDICATES CLEAR INDICATES ASSIGNMENTS: KEY FUNCTION 39 EQUATIONS OF MOTION This program provides an interchangeable solution between time, displace- ment, final velocity, initial velocity, and acceleration. Given any three knowns, the two unknowns will be calculated. The motion must be linear and have constant acceleration. Equations: e (FHV) z x= vr()- dat? go WET? 2a x= VI(t)+ dat? VF =Vitat where: t= time x = displacement VE = final velocity VI = initial velocity a = acceleration Notes: Any consistent set of units may be used. Displacement, acceleration, and velocity should be considered as signed quantities. For example: if VI and a are in opposite di- rections, one should be input as negative. All equations assume initial displacement, X,, equals zero. Example: If a rock is dropped off a 50 foot cliff, how long does it take to drop, and how fast is it going when it hits bottom? (a=32.16 ft/s”) Keystrokes: Display [XEQ] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 005 [XQ] [ALPHA] MOTION [ALPHA] 1 [R/S] x? 50 [R/S] ve? [R/s] vi? 0 [R/S] Ag 32.16 [R/S] T=1.7634 [R/s} X=50.0000 [R/s] VF=56.7098 [R/S] vI=0.0000 [R/S] a=32.1600 (time = 1.7634 seconds and final velocity = 56.7098 feet /second) User Instruction “ SIZE: 005 step INSTRUCTIONS INPUT FUNCTION DISPLAY Load the program. Initialize. {XEQ] MOTION 1 3. |Key in time if known. | rvs) |x 4, | Key in displacement if known. {R/s] VE? |.5.|Key in final velocity if known, | ir/s} 1? 6. | Key in initial velocity if known. [R/S] at |_2. | Key in acceleration if known. [R/s} Ts (3 of the inputs above must be made. The | unknowns are specified by simply press- __| ing (R/S1.) iR/s1 = (R/S) vee {R/s] Vi= [R/S] A= Program Listings GieLeL “MOT Si FS? 03 ION" eee 52 GTO a0 82 CF a8 53 RCL G4 @3 CF a1 | 54 RCL 92 aac E ote @4 CF a2 so + known @5 CF az 56 2 @6 CF o4 S77 a7 CF 22 58 RCL ao as “T2" aa 59 + @9 PROMPT a | 66 STO a1 5 1@ FS?C 22 61 SF at 11 SF 6a 62 GTO 99 12 STO 8a 63+LBL 90 13 "x?" 64 FS? oo 14 PROMPT 65 GTO aa 15 FS?C 22 66 RCL a2 oe 16 SF @1 67 Xt2 ee oaetore 17 STO 81 68 RCL o4 oan 18 "WF?" 69 TZ 19 PROMPT 78 - 26 FS?C 22 71 RCL 93 21 SF a2 722 22 STO a2 73 * 23 “VI 74 24 PROMPT 75 STO a1 = 25 FS?C 22 76 SF @1 w 26 SF a4 7? GTO a5 27 STO a4 78eLBL 2a 28 “A? 79 RCL 82 29 PROMPT 86 RCL 6B 38 FS?C 22 a1 * 31 SF a3 82 RCL 93 32 STO a3 |... 83 RCL oa | 33 FS? @1 aan 84 XT2 34 GTO a1 85 * 35 FS? a2 86 2 36 GTO a0 VF known? 87 7 37 RCL 94 -- BB - 38 RCL a0 t, a and VE 89 STO 91 x 39 * known 90 SF a1 48 RCL @3 | 91 GTO a8 41 RCL 90 | 92eLBL a1 42 xt2 93 FS? a2 ee owa 43 94 GTO a3 442 95 FS? @3 45 7 96 GTO 98 46 + 97 RCL 1 t, x and VI 47 sTo a1 x 98 RCL a0 Keown 48 SF a1 99 7 49 GTO 92 166 2 SGO*LBEL @a a known? 191 * wy Program Listing 192 RCL 84 153 * 103 - 154 RCL a2 194 STO a2 vE 155 + 195 SF 62 156 RCL a3 186 GTO a7 is7 7 187*LBL Ga 168 FS? 9a 199 GTO a2 116 RCL O1 158 STO 90 159 SF ea 168 GTO a8 161¢LBL aa 111 RCL 83 162 FS? ea 112 * 163 GTO a7 113 2 164¢LBL a9 414 165 RCL 92 VF, x and VI 115 RCL o4 166 xt2 known 116 xt2 167 RCL a4 417 + 168 Xt2 118 S@RT 169 - 119 RCL O1 178 RCL a1 12@ SIGN 171i 7 a21 ¥ 172 2 122 STO G2 173 7 123 SF 82 174 STO 93 a 124 GTO 45 175 SF ez 125¢LBL a2 176¢LBL 95 126 RCL 1 177 RCL 91 VF, x and VI 127 RCL 9a 17@ RCL 92 known 128 7 179 RCL a4 129 RCL 93 180 + 130 RCL a0 181 7 131% 182 2 132 2 183 * 433 7 184 STO 0e e 134 + 185 SF ao 135 STO a2 VF 186 GTO 18 136 SF a2 187¢LBL O7 137 GTO as 188 RCL @2 1384LBL 23 189 RCL @1 139 FC? a3 ehenknown 19@ RCL 00 148 GTO 66 I 191 7 141 RCL 2 | 192 - 142 xT2 NEeeelones | 193 RCL eo | 143 RCL G1 known 194 7 | 144 RCL 93 [pa tess) 145 * 196 146 2 | 197 STO 63 a 14? * | 198 SF 93 148 - | 199*LBL 88 149 SORT | 208 RCL a2 158 RCL a1 | 201 RCL 03 151 SIGN | 202 RCL 9e 152 CHS l 203 * Program Listings 204 2a5 206 STO e4 SF a4 2O74LBL 18 2@8 209 218 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 ARCL 0 AVIEW ARCL a1 AVIEW ARCL 04 AVIEW STOP ARCL @3 AVIEM RTN -END. Output 5 60 70 0 30 00 REGISTERS, STATUS, FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS* DATA REGISTERS STATUS 50 size 005__ ToT. REG. 51: USER MODE. ENG Fix 4 sci_____ oN_oFF ___ DEG RAD GRAD FLAGS SET INDICATES CLEAR INDICATES VE known a_known VI_known ASSIGNMENTS FUNCTION. KEY FUNCTION ISOTOPE OVERLAP CORRECTIONS This program corrects for spillover between channels when two radioactive isotopes are being counted in a liquid scintillation spectrometer, Back- ground subtraction for each isotope is also provided. The program may be used with single isotope. Isotopes x and y are counted in machine channels A and B, respectively. Let a = fractioned spillover of isotope y from channel B to A. b = Eractioned spillover of isotope x from channel A to B. Grae C, = corrected counts /min isotope x in channel A =—“—— , x l-ab where C, and C, are the observed counts/min in each channel. Outputs Total counts /min isotope x = Cx (1+b) = Tx Total counts /min isotope y = Cy (Ita) = Ty Example: 2 isotopes, Spillover A> B = 10%, Spillover B> A = 20%, BKA = 10 CPM, BKB = 50 CPM. For the following values of CPM A and CPM B, calculate the corrected values and totals. Sample# 1 1,000 500 2 2,000 1,000 3 1,400 2,200 Keystrokes: [xBQ] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 011 [XBQ] [ALPHA] TOC [ALPHA] 2 [R/S] +2 [R/S] 10 [R/S] +1 [R/S] 50 [R/S] 1,000 [R/S] 500 [R/S] [R/s] [R/S] [Ris] 2,000 [R/S] 1,000 [R/S] [R/s] [R/S] [R/s] 1,400 [R/S] 2,200 [R/S] [R/S] [R/s] [R/s] [R/s] [R/s] Display: ISOTOPES? SPLOVER B-A? BEA? SPLOVER A-B? BKB? CPM A? CPM B? TX=1,010, TY=430. NEXT=2 ceM A? CPM B? TX=2,,020 Tr=920 NEXT=3 CPM A? CPM B? TX=1,078 Ty=2,,462 NEXT=4 RM A? TOT. TX=6,108 Tor. TY=3,812 a (Pressing [R/S] with no input displays totals and resets for new case) uv For eingle isotope, ignore steps 6, 7 and 9. : User Instructions 2. | Initialize the program. [XEQ] Ioc ISOTOPES? 3. | Input number of isotopes. n {R/S} SPLOVER B-A? 7 See nen ee fraction. a | Rs) 5. | Input the background CPM on channel A. BKA [R/S] SPLOVER A-B?) fraction. b [R/s]} BKB? 7. | Input the background CPM on channel B. BKB [R/S] CPM A? Input first CPM for channel A. CPM A. [R/S] CPM B? pa etre orntcceat ele es Calculator will display Tx, Ty, the [R/s] TY= number of the next sample, and then prompt: [R/S] ‘NEXT= wv for the next CPMA. [R/S] CPM A? 10.| Go to step 8 until all samples have been [R/S] entered, then press [R/S] to calculate [R/S] 4 Program Listings @IeLBL “TGC |iniciatize and a fron GPMB and . yronpt for data 48 sTO 0S and store 92 CF ao Haag 49 RTN @3 CLRG Se¢LeL c calculate Tx a4 2 51 RCL a4 and TY @5 “ISOTOPE 52 RCL at 8?" 53 RCL as a6 PROMPT 54 * O7 =v? 4 98 SF a9 56 1 a3 2 | 57 RCL a1 1@ STo 16 | 58 RCL az 11 “SPLOVER 59 B-A? 6o - 12 PROMPT eee 13 ENTERT 62 1 14 “BKA2" 63 RCL @3 15 PROMPT eae 16 XEQ BD 65 * 17 FC? oe 66 ST+ 06 18 GTO oe 67 Sto oF 19 “SPLOVER 68 FIX 9 A-e? 69 RCL aS 20 PROMPT 768 RCL 3 21 ENTERT 71 RCL 84 J 2 ™BKBD" 2 23 PROMPT 73 - 24 XE E 2SeLBL 90 26 CF 22 27 “CPN Az" 28 cLx 29 PROMPT 3 FC?C 22 31 GTO “ToT 32 XEQ A 33 FC? oa 34 GTO a1 35 "CPM B2" 36 PROMPT | 37 XEQ B 3e*LBL a1 39 GTO Cc 4*LBL A Subtract BKA 41 RCL 90 from CPMA ‘and 42 - store 43 sTo 94 44 RTN 95 ARCL ¥ 45¢LBL B 96 AVIEW 46 RCL 82 Subtract BKB 97 STOP Display TX Display TY (cont'd. ) Program Listing 38 33 100 101 142 163 104 105 106 RCL i6 “NEXT= “ ARCL Xx AVIEW STOP any Isc 10 RCL 16 GTO aa 167¢LBL “TOT 198 189 116 1i1 112 117 118 119 126 121 122 RCL 06 “TOT. TX ARCL x AVIEM STOP Fc? aa RTN RCL ag “TOT. TY ARCL Xx AVIEW STOP e STO 10 GTO “Ioc 123¢LBL D 124 125 126 127 sTo aa RDN STO a1 RTN 128¢LBL E 129 130 131 132 133 STG a2 RDN STO of RIN -END. Display totals and return to Label 10¢ Store BKA Store BKB 5 60 70 80 8 00 REGISTERS, STATUS, FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS” DATA REGISTERS STATUS 50_ size O11 TOT. REG, 50 USER MODE ENG Fix 4 sci ON —__ oF _X_ — DEG _____ RAD___ GRAD ___ CA, ma _ FLAGS Cx : # SiC SETINDICATES CLEAR INDICATES CX, EGY cy ‘sample number ASSIGNMENTS: FUNCTION. KEY FUNCTION SEMI-EMPIRICAL NUCLEAR MASS FORMULA (requires one memory module) A Semi-Empirical formula is used to calculate approximate binding energies and mass excess for any nucleus with a given nuclear charge, %, and number of neutrons, N. Definition: Binding energy (B.E.) =z *M, +N *M, ~ M(Z,N) M, = proton mass (energy) in MeV, M, = neutron mass in MeV ‘M(Z,N) = mass of nucleus having Z protons and N neutrons. Mass Excess = 6(2,N) - A * (amu) A=Z4N, 1 (amu) =M(6,6)/12 -—- 1/12 mass of c Weizsacker's Semi-Empirical mass formula contains seven terms M(Z,N) = 2M + NM +E +E +E +E +E > in By TEs t Bet Boym pair y moat A E vate 7 234/42!" depending on Pe whether Z and N are both ana ee odd or both even, Fnaiy ~ 0 for odd A nuclet E =a3* 2 ya /3 c 2 Bs ah # CeN)2/A _ eny?/ Notes: The semiempirical formula has been derived from measured masses and binding energies and is expected to work for nuclei reasonably close to the valley of stability. Usually N > Z especially for heavier nuclei. Example: What is the binding energy, the mass, mass excess, volume energy, surface energy, coulomb energy, symmetry energy, and pairing energy of the elenent titanium (2 = 22, N = 26)? Keystrokes: Display: [XEQ] [ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 025 [XEQ] [ALPHA] NM [ALPHA] NUM PROT? 22 [R/S] NUM NEUT? 26 [R/s} B.E.=-404,5143 [R/s] BLE. /A=-8.4274 [R/S] 44677. 9077 [R/S] M/A=930.7897 [R/s} M.E,=0.0000 [R/S] MAE. /A=0.0000 [R/S] EV=752.6400 [R/S] EV/A15. 6800 [R/S] ES=245.1351 [R/s] ES /A=5.1070 [R/s] Ee=95. 4884 [R/s} [R/s} [R/s} [R/S] EP=1.8644 [x/s} EP/A~0.0388 User Instructions SIZE:025 STEP INSTRUCTIONS INPUT FUNCTION DISPLAY 1. [toad program. 2. [Initialize program. [xEQ]_ 1 NUM PROT? 3. |imput number of protons. 2 [R/s] NUM_NEUT? 4. |taput number of neutrons eat [R/s} BeBe and_solve for binding energy terns. [R/S] 5. |Galeulate the mass of nucleus. [R/s} Sa.| Calculate the mass per nucleon. [R/s] 6. | calculate the mass excess of nucleus. [R/s] 6a.| Calculate mass excess per nucleon. _[R/s] 7. | calculate the volume energy. [R/S] By: 7a.| Calculate volume energy per nucleon. [R/S] EV/A= 8. | Calculate surface energy. IR/s] ES= 8a.| Calculate surface energy per nucleon. [R/S] ES/A= 9. | Calculate coulomb energy. [R/S] Bes Calculate coulomb energy per nucleon. {R/S} Ec/A= 10. | calculate symmetry energy. [R/s} ESYM= 10a.| Calculate symmetry energy per nucleon. [R/S] ESYM/A= [11 | calculate pairing energy. [R/s} EP= 1la.| Calculate pairing energy per nucleon. [R/s} EP/A= 12, |Reset_for nev case. [R/s} NUM PROT? @1*LBL “NM” a2 az a4 as ae CF a1 cr aa cLRG -331.504 sTo 38 938.792 sTo 99 939.576 sta ia -15.68 STO 11 18.56 sTo 12 =717 sto 13 28.1 STO 14 -17 STO 15 “MUM PRO PROMPT FS?C 22 STO a1 “NUM NEU PROMPT FS?C 22 STO 62 RCL 92 RCL @1 a sTO 66 xEQ xEQ REQ xEQ xEQ xEQ xEQ xEQ GTO “NM” nootemeo 42¢LeL C 43 44 45 46 4? 48 49 REQ @1 19.024 STO a2 XEQ O4 Initialize and store constants Prompt for inputs Calculate Binding Energy Calculate mass Calculate mass Display volume energy Display surface energy Program Listing s 156 17% 109 “ES/A=~ 151 ¥t% 1@1 ARCL x 152 XtZ 192 PROMPT 153 XE@ a2 103 RTN 154 RCL at 184¢LBL c Display Coulomb iss ute 1@5 RCL 22 Energy 156 RCL oa 196 “Ec=" is7 3 197 ARCL x 158 17% 198 PROMPT 159 YTX 199 RCL 9a 160 - 11a 7 161 XEQ G2 111 “Ec-A 162 RCL a1 112 ARCL & 163 RCL 62 113 PROMPT 164 - 114 RIN 165 xt2 1IS*LBL d Display Symmetr, 166 RCL oa 116 RCL 23 eneras eee jez 7 117 “ESYM 168 XEQ a2 118 ARCL & 169 -1 119 PROMPT i7@ RCL at 124 RCL 9a ivi ytx 121 7 172 -1 122 “ESYM-A= 173 RCL a2 z 174 YtR 123 ARCL X 175 + 124 PROMPT 176 RCL 28 125 RTH 17? 75 126¢LBL © Display Pairing 178 ¥9x 127 Energy 179 7 128 186 XEQ a2 129 181 SF 1 134 182 RTN 431 183*LBL a2 132 184 RCL IND 133 as 134 185 * 135 PROMPT 186 RCL a3 136 RTN 187 9 i37*LBL at _ on of 188 + 138 38 ee 189 STO a3 139 STO a3 198 X<>¥ 14@ RCL oa 191 STO IND 141 XEG a2 az 142 RCL at 192 6 143 XEQ a2 193 ST- az 144 RCL a2 194 RTN 145 XEG 92 1954LBL a4 146 RCL 2a 196 6 147 XEG a2 197 STO 96 148 RCL ae | 198eLBL as 149 3 199 ISG 93 298 GTO 201 GTO 202¢LBL 203 RCL @z 204 ST+ 205 GTO 206*LBL 207 RCL 2a8 RIN Program Listing 18 a6 19 IND 6 as a6 a6 209 .END. 57 “REGISTERS, STATUS, FLAGS, ASSIGNMENTS DATA REGISTERS STATUS ‘size 025 TOT. REG. 89 USER MODE, ENG Fix 4 sci ON OFF X__ DEG RAD GRAD. FLAGS int SiC___ SET INDICATES CLEAR INDICATES Used Used. ASSIGNMENTS: FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION CLEBSCH-GORDON COEFFICIENTS AND 3) SYMBOLS EVALUATION This program will evaluate all valid Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and/or "3j" symbols coupling two states of angular momentum which are small enough so that the capacity of the calculator's factorial function is not exceeded. The fundamental formula used by the program is the Racah Formula: i : yids) VG atc cy BG + a )IG -m 1G +I © lenge a )IG- 5 te -m)1G+53-s-0)! zo [sours EG jyte ) Gti s-) 1G. t-m)IG- +m) eeneel eta iaee needy Onan Ie) REE 4] + Gtsta+t subject to the restraints 1) 2) The Clebsch-Gordon Coefficient, ¢ iia Jan > = ane ayy If any one term in the Racah formula is greater than 69, an out of range message will result. If illegitimate values are entered for di Jz» and J or m, m,, and M spurious results ({.e., non-zero) may be obtained or the calculator may get caught in a “loop” which will not terminate until the "t" value in the Racah formula exceeds 69. Example: Suppose the C.G. coefficient is needed with j = 3/2, 4," 2, J = 5/2, My= 1/2, M,= 0, M = 1/2 Keystrokes: Display: [XQ] ALPHA] SIZE [ALPHA] 018 [xq] [ALPHA] CGC [ALPHA] Sis? 1.5 [R/S] J2=? 2 [R/s} Jet 2.5 [R/S] Mi=? +5 [R/S] M2=? 0 [R/s} Me? +5 [R/S] €.6,=2.9277 E-L [R/s] 3I=1.1952 E+L User Instructions 6 Size: 018 STEP INSTRUCTIONS, INPUT FUNCTION DISPLAY 1, |Load the program. Initialize. [xeQ]_cec i=? 3._|Key in J1 value. a [R/s] J2=2 4. |Key in J2 value. J [R/s} 5. |Key in J value. J [R/s} 6. [Key in Ml value. ML [R/S] Mam? 7. [Key in M2 value. M2 [R/s] Mn? 8. |Key in Me 7 M [R/S] C.G.= [R/s} i= Program @1ieLBL “coc | : Si FACT o ae Registers 52 RCL o4 rac and stores 53 xeoy ge seh | variables 54 7 @4 "Jie?" 55 SORT STORES 85 PROMPT Sener YEE @6 STO a1 5? RCL 1 rele a? "42=2" Se RCL 11 8 PROMPT ae a9 STO 92 bo) Ten 61 RCL O14 11 PROMPT 62 RCL 11 12 STO a3 63 = 13 "Miso" 64 FACT 14 PROMPT 65 * 15 STO 11 66 STO OS nets ae | 67 RCL @2 17 PROMPT eo ne ge 18 STO 12 so + aomee 7@ FACT 26 PROMPT | gi Ret 92 eat cH! 72 RCL 12 22 STO 16 i= 23 RCL ot Begins eee 24 RCL G2 computation a 25 RCL a3 76 ST* a5 See ? RCL G2 Sa 78 RCL 18 28 FACT | one 29 STO a4 cay 30 RCL a2 et RCL G3 31 ret a3 | 82 RCL 16 32 RCL at ears 33 6 84 FACT 34+ a5 + eeleaca 86 ST* a5 36 ST* a4 page laos 7 RCL OF Beeeery 38 RCL Ot Sees Sol Rci oS 9@ RCL Ot ere 91 RCL B2 ae 92 RCL 16 42 FACT aoa 43 3T* 94 oan aa 95 -1 45 RCL 1 eee 46 RCL a2 eee 4? RCL a3 eee cies 99 RCL a4 otra 198 RCL aS Saud 1G1 RCL 36 Program Listing ° ee * iss — 183 * Computes summa- 154 x

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