Question 2: Write the differential equation for concentration c(t) of pollution in lake at any

time t assuming that the lake has constant volume V with f as the rate at which water flows
in/out of the lake and cin is the concentration of the pollutant in the flow entering the lake.
Solve the equation with initial condition c(0)= a, assuming that f is constant.
Determine the concentration at time t when only fresh water flows into the lake.
Find the time taken for lakes pollution level to reach 5% of its initial value if only fresh
waters flows into the lake.
Apply to two American Lakes :
Lake Erie for which V = 458*109 m3 , f = 1.75*1011 m3 /year
Lake Ontario for which V = 1636*109 m3 , f = 2.089*1011 m3 year and

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Lake Burley Griffin for which constant volume V = 28*10^6 m^3, f = 4*106 m3 month
Clear@c, tD
diffeqtn = c '@tD HF in - F c@tDL 1 V
diffsol = DSolve@8diffeqtn, c@0D a<, c@tD, tD
frshflweqn = Hc@tD . diffsolL . in 0
lakeerie = frshflweqn . 8F 1.75 * 10 ^ 11, V 458.0 * 10 ^ 9<
lakeontario = frshflweqn . 8F 2.089 * 10 ^ 11, V 1636.0 * 10 ^ 9<
lakeburleygriffin = frshflweqn . 8F 4 * 10 ^ 6, V 28.0 * 10 ^ 6<
sol = Solve@Part@frshflweqn, 1D 0.05 * a, tD
c @tD

F in - F c@tD
V

::c@tD :a -

Ft
V

Ft
V

>

Ka - in +

Ft
V

inO>>

9a -0.382096 t =
9a -0.127689 t =
9a -0.142857 t =

Solve::ifun : Inverse functions are being used by Solve, so

some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information.
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::t

2.99573 V
F

>>

Untitled-2

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Plot@8lakeerie . a 10, lakeburleygriffin . a 10, lakeontario . a 10<,

8t, 0, 10<, PlotLegends 8"Erie", "Burley Griffin", "Ontario"<,
PlotLabel "Lakes' Pollution Models",
AxesLabel 8"Time in year", "Pollutant in Lake"<D
Lakes' PollutionModels

Pollutant in Lake
10

Erie
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Burley Griffin
Ontario

Time in year
2

10