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There are two main reasons for the need to transform from three phases to two phases,
1.
To give a supply to an existing two phase system from a three phase supply.
2.
To supply two phase furnace transformers from a three phase source.
Two-phase systems can have 3-wire, 4-wire, or 5-wire circuits. It is needed to be considering that a twophase system is not 2/3 of a three-phase system. Balanced three-wire, two-phase circuits have two phase
wires, both carrying approximately the same amount of current, with a neutral wire carrying 1.414 times
the currents in the phase wires. The phase-to-neutral voltages are 90 out of phase with each other.
Two phase 4-wire circuits are essentially just two ungrounded single-phase circuits that are electrically 90
out of phase with each other. Two phase 5-wire circuits have four phase wires plus a neutral; the four
phase wires are 90 out of phase with each other.
The easiest way to transform three-phase voltages into two-phase voltages is with two conventional
single-phase transformers. The first transformer is connected phase-to-neutral on the primary (threephase) side and the second transformer is connected between the other two phases on the primary side.
The secondary windings of the two transformers are then connected to the two-phase circuit. The
phase-to-neutral primary voltage is 90 out of phase with the phase-to-phase primary voltage, producing a
two-phase voltage across the secondary windings. This simple connection, called the T connection, is
shown in Figure
The main advantage of the T connection is that it uses transformers with standard primary and secondary
voltages. The disadvantage of the T connection is that a balanced two-phase load still produces
unbalanced three-phase currents; i.e., the phase currents in the three-phase system do not have equal
magnitudes, their phase angles are not 120 apart, and there is a considerable amount of neutral current
that must be returned to the source.
Scott T Transformer is built with two single phase transformers of equal power rating. The MAIN and
Teaser sections can be enclosed in a floor mount enclosure with MAIN on the bottom and Teaser on top
with a connecting jumper cable. They can also be placed side by side in separate enclosures.
Assuming the desired voltage is the same on the two and three phase sides, the Scott-T transformer
connection consists of a center-tapped 1:1 ratio main transformer, T1, and an 86.6% (0.53) ratio teaser
transformer, T2. The center-tapped side of T1 is connected between two of the phases on the three-phase
side. Its center tap then connects to one end of the lower turn count side of T2, the other end connects to
the remaining phase.
The other side of the transformers then connects directly to the two pairs of a two-phase four-wire
system.
The Scott-T transformer connection may be also used in a back to back T to T arrangement for a threephase to 3 phase connection. This is a cost saving in the smaller kVA transformers due to the 2 coil T
connected to a secondary 2 coil T in-lieu of the traditional three-coil primary to three-coil secondary
transformer. In this arrangement the Neutral tap is part way up on the secondary teaser transformer .
The voltage stability of this T to T arrangement as compared to the traditional 3 coil primary to three-coil
secondary transformer is questioned.
Key Points
If the main transformer has a turns ratio of 1: 1, then the teaser transformer requires a turns ratio of
0.866: 1 for balanced operation. The principle of operation of the Scott connection can be most easily
seen by first applying a current to the teaser secondary windings, and then applying a current to the main
secondary winding, calculating the primary currents separately and superimposing the results.
Secondary current from the teaser winding into phase X1 =1.0 <90
Secondary current from the teaser winding into phase X2 =-1.0< 90
Primary current from H3 phase into the teaser winding= 1.1547< 90
Primary current from H2 phase into the main winding= 0.5774 <90
Primary current from H1 phase into the main winding= -0.5774< 90
The reason that the primary current from H3 phase into the teaser winding is 1.1547 due to 0.866:
1 turns ratio of the teaser, transforming 1/0.866= 1.1547 times the secondary current. This current
must split in half at the center tap of the main primary winding because both halves of the main
primary winding are wound on the same core and the total ampere-turns of the main winding must
equal zero.
Application
Main application is for For Industrial Furnace Transformer.
For Traction Purpose: The power is obtained from the 220 kV or 132 kV or 110 kV or 66 kV, three-phase,
effectively earthed transmission network of the State Electricity Board, through single-phase transformers
or Scott connected transformer installed at the Traction Substation. The primary winding of the singlephase transformer is connected to two phases of the transmission network or Where Scott-connected
transformer is used, the primary windings are connected to the three phases of the transmission network.
The single-phase transformers at a Traction Substation are connected to the same two phases of the
transmission network (referred as single-phase connection), or alternatively to different pairs of phasesthe three single phase transformers forming a delta-connection on the primary side. Out of three singlephase transformers, one transformer feeds the overhead equipment (OHE) on one side of the Traction
Substation, another feeds the OHE on the other side of the Traction Substation, and the third remains as
standby. Thus the two single-phase transformers which feed the OHE constitute an open-delta connection
(alternatively, referred as V-connection) on the three-phase transformers network.
The Scott-connected transformer and V-connected single-phase transformers are effective in reducing
voltage imbalance on the transmission network. The spacing between adjacent substations is normally
between 70 and 100 km.
Recommended EE articles //
Do Not Energize Oil-Filled Transformer Without Performing These 15 Tests and Checks! (on photo 3-core type oil-immersed rectifier
transformer 380kV; via electric-power-transformers.com)
Obligatory Checklist
The following tests and checks should be performed at a minimum to ensure that the transformer is
ready to be energized. Do not energize the transformer without performing these tests and checks.
If any of below explained tests fail and transformer is energized anyway, it may lead to the serious hazard,
and thats not good
Thats not what we want.
Lets see these 15 tests
The breakdown voltage indicates how well insulating oil can withstand an electrical load and is therefore decisive for the operational
efficiency of a transformer. The breakdown voltage is measured according to VDE 0370 part 5 (IEC 60156); photo credit: SIEMENS
2. Pressure Test
Check the transformer tank for leaks by pressurizing the tank with dry air or dry nitrogen through the
pressure test fitting to a pressure of 3 to 4 PSIG. let the tank stand under pressure for one to two hours,
then examine the tank and fittings for leaks. leaks above the fluid level can be detected by applying soap
solution to all welds, joints, pipe fittings, and cable connections.
Upon completion of this test, reduce the internal pressure to 1 or 2 PSIG.
Regular insulation testing is one of the most cost effective methods of identifying aging of transformer
4. Ratio Test
Perform a ratio test at each tap position to ensure that transformer coil ratios and tap changer connections
are correct. Read the complete procedure of transformer turns ratio test step by step .
6. Line Connections
In preparation for making line connections, check to make sure that all mating connector surfaces
are clean and smooth. Connections must be tightened appropriately to prevent overheating and possible
subsequent failure of the connection.
Connections to should be made with care to avoid placing undue stress on the bushings.
On-Line Oil Filtration for Load Tap Changer Compartment (photo credit: velcon.com)
9. Grounding
Check to ensure that the transformer tank is permanently and effectively grounded. The transformer
tank ground pad is located near the bottom of the tank.
10. Wiring
Check wiring of control and alarm circuits (if provided) to make sure there are no loose
connections and no damage to insulation.
Check to make sure the fluid level as indicated by the fluid level gauge is as follows:
The fluid level gauge indicates the fluid level inside the tank. The transformer tank is filled with fluid at the
factory to the normal level at a reference temperature of 25C.
14. Tools
Check to make sure that all tools and equipment are accounted for and have been removed from the
transformer.
Recommended EE articles //
About Author //
Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP. Highly specialized for design of LV high
power busbar trunking (<6300A) in power substations, buildings and industry fascilities. Designing of
LV/MV switchgears. Professional in AutoCAD programming and web-design. Present on Google+
15 Comments
1.
Nikolay
APR 25, 2015
2.
Deep
APR 14, 2015
I believe that there are other important test like core balance, short circuit etc
(reply)
3.
Mhmoud Refaat
APR 14, 2015
Many thanks
(reply)
4.
ASIM
APR 13, 2015
thank you Mr.Edvard ,, very nice one but i think there is other tests to be added here like the polarization
index and tan delta test.
(reply)
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