diphthong

a phoneme consisting of two individual vowel phonemes joined tog

ether in a glide. The first vowel is termed the onglide and the second the offgl
elision omission of a sound in speech, because it is followed by another similar
ide
minimal
sound pair
two items whose meanings alter when just one phoneme is changed
e.g. bin/pin
discrimination
the ability to distinguish between two sounds whn both are heard
allophone
together
different articulations of the same phoneme. e.g. the /g/ in goo
se and the
phoneme
any/g/
of the
in geese
individual
producesounds
a different
of a language
lip position.
which cannot be altered witho
ut changing
voiced
lingua
franca
a sound
meaning
core
which isthose
produced
phonological
by vibrating
features
the vocal
whichcords
are deemed to be vital
in conveying a clear, unambigous message to other users, especially in NNS - NN
S communication
non
bilabial
plosive
fricative
native
a consonant
speaker
aconsonant
consonant
madeNNS
bymade
madebywith
stopping
theand
the
friction
then
lipsquickly
e.g.
of breath
/b/releasing
in a narrow
the air
opening,
e.g. /p/
pr
oducing sounds
nasals
a turbulent
whichairflow
are produced
(f, th)by stopping the airstream from the lungs at so
me place in the mouth and letting the air escape through the nose. there are thr
ee in English - sounds
laterals
/m/, /n/which
and are
// produced by partially blocking the air stream f
rom the lungs, usually by the tongue, by letting it escape at one or both sides
of the blockage.athe
unvoiced
recognition
/l/
sound
stage
is produced
oneatofwhich
these.
with
thenostudent
vibration
can of
identify
the vocal
a particular
cords
sound w
ithout the help of
assimilation
a phonological
a contrastingphenomenom
sound
in which a sound alters due to the inf
luence of a preceding
stress-timed
language orafollowing
language sound.
where stressed
e.g. greem
syllabels
park tend to occur at reg
ular intervals,language
syllable-timed
and syllables
a language
are not
where
assigned
each syllable
the sametends
stresstoe.g.
takeEnglish
the same le
ngth of time to say
accommodation
the e.g.
process
Japanese
of squeezing together the syllables that occur betwe
en stressed syllables, so that each segment of an utterance takes the same time
to produce
stress
or prominence
the effect of emphasising ceratin syllables by making th
em louder or longer,
intrusion
catenation
intonation
linking
the
adding
'music'
or by
between
increasing
ofofaspeech
/r/ ortheir
words
-/j/
thesound
pitch
meaningful
betweenusewords
that speakers make of
changes in their voice pitch. depends on - grammatical functions - attitudinal
function
pitch
range
the
- discoursal
relative
the distance
level
function
ofbetween
speech range
a speaker's
perceived
customary
by thetop
listener
and bottom note.
Can apply to languages, not just individuals. e.g. in English it's quite wide, i
n Italiana movement
tone
it's not.of pitch. could be a high rise or a low rise or a high fall o
r a low
movement
tone
units
fall. could
chunksbeofrise,
language
fall,broken
fall-rise
up rather
or rise-fall
like phrases in written Engl
onset syllable the stressed or
ish
tonic
syllable
prominent
before
sylllable
the tonic
wheer
syllable
the main pitch movemen
t in an utterance takes place