Tr li nhng cu hi thng gp

V vc-xin Quinvaxem
Cu hi: Vc-xin Quinvaxem l g?
Tr li: Quinvaxem l mt loi vc-xin 5 trong 1 bo v tr em chng li 5 bnh truyn
nhim cht ngi l: bch hu, un vn, ho g, Haemophilus type B v vim gan B.
T khi c WHO tin kim nh cht lng vo nm 2006, 400 triu liu Quinvaxem
c s dng ti 91 quc gia trn ton th gii. Vc-xin ny c ghi nhn l rt an ton.
Vc-xin ny c Chnh ph ph duyt cho s dng trong Chng trnh Tim chng M
rng quc gia ti Vit Nam vo thng 6 nm 2010. T n nay, trn ton quc, Vit Nam
s dng 15,2 triu liu Quinvaxem.
Cu hi: Vy th ti sao mi ngi lc ny li ni nhiu v loi vc-xin ny?
Tr li: Trong thi gian t thng 12 nm 2012 n thng 3 nm 2013, c 9 trng hp
t vong c bo co. Nhng trng hp t vong ny xy ra trong thi gian ngn, sau khi
tr c tim vc-xin 5 trong 1.
Vit Nam quyt nh tm dng s dng vc-xin 5 trong 1, nh l mt bin php thn
trng cn thit. Tuy nhin, sau khi xem xt li mt cch rt k lng cc trng hp t
vong, khng th xc nh c bt c mt mi lin quan no gia vic s dng vc-xin
v t vong v do , Chnh ph cho php tip tc s dng vc-xin ny.
Do thc t cng c mt s lng nh cc trng hp phn ng khng mong mun
(Adverse Events Following Immunization - AEFI) xy ra Sri Lanka, Pakistan, v Bhutan
sau khi tim vc-xin 5 trong 1, mt nhm chuyn gia c lp quc t c yu cu tham
gia kim tra an ton ca vc-xin.
Qu trnh kim tra c bt u vo thng 6 nm 2013 v kt lun rng khng c mt
phn ng khng mong mun no do vc-xin 5 trong 1 ny gy ra.
Mt iu rt quan trng m chng ta cn phi hiu, l khi hng triu tr em c tim
chng, c mt s nh cc phn ng khng mong mun s xy ra. Bt c mt trng hp
no xy ra, vi bt c tr em no cng l mi quan tm to ln ca tt c chng ta, tuy nhin
nguy c mc bnh do khng tim chng gy ra cn ln hn rt nhiu.
Cu hi: Vy c bo co ca cc chuyn gia c lp khng?
Tr li: C. Bo co ny c sn sng tt c mi ngi c th xem. Bo co y
ca y ban T vn v An ton Vc-xin Ton cu (Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine
Safety - GACVS) c th c xem ti y:
http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/pentavalent_vaccine/Jul_2013/en/index.
html
Cu hi: C bo co ni rng cc ca t vong sau tim vc-xin Vit Nam rt ging
nhau, v cng ging vi cc ca t vong c bo co cc quc gia khc. iu ny
c ng khng?

Tr li: Khng. Cc iu tra c lp ghi nhn rng cc trng hp t vong khng c

din tin ging nhau. Trong mt s trng hp, mt nguyn nhn t vong khc c xc
nh, v d nh mt bnh nhim trng hoc d tt bm sinh tr.
Cu hi: Quinvaxem c an ton khng?
Tr li: C. Cht lng vc-xin c kim nh rt nghim ngt qua tng bc trong sut
qu trnh sn xut v cung cp. Quinvaxem c WHO tin thm nh cht lng m
bo rng cht lng vc-xin p ng nhng tiu chun quc t cao nht trn ton cu.
Q. Vy th c vn g i vi loi vc-xin ny khng?
Tr li: Khng. WHO khng bit bt c mt vn g lin quan ti cht lng vc-xin cung
cp cho Vit Nam.
Tt c cc loi vc-xin c GAVI h tr mua thng qua V Cung ng ca UNICEF u
c WHO tin thm nh cht lng, c ngha l cht lng ca cc vc-xin ny c
m bo. Thm na, trc cc vc-xin ny cn phi qua c mt quy trnh kim nh
k lng v cht lng ca quc gia ti cc nc sn xut, bao gm mt qu trnh kim tra
cht ch cc s liu v lm sng, quy trnh v cc iu kin, nh xng sn xut. WHO
cng n gim st cc a im sn xut, kim nh cht lng cc mu ca tng m sn
phm.
Cu hi: Vy c cc tc dng ph no khng?
Tr li: Ging nh cc loi vc-xin khc, Quinvaxem c th c vi tc dng ph nh. Cc
tc dng ph ny c th bao gm st nh, sng nh ti ch tim v kh chu trong thi gian
ngn.
Ngoi ra, v cng him gp t hn 1 ca trn 1 triu ln tim mt a tr c th b d ng
nghim trng i vi vc-xin. Cc nhn vin y t c o to x tr trong trng hp
ny, v nu c x tr kp thi v ng cch, a tr c th phc hi hon ton.
Cu hi: Vai tr ca WHO v UNICEF nh th no i vi vic s dng vc-xin ti cc
nc ang pht trin?
Tr li: WHO v UNICEF cung cp tr gip k thut cho cc quc gia. Cc t chc quc t
ny khng trc tip tim vc-xin, song h tr cc hot ng o to, kim tra v gim st
qu trnh tim chng m bo cht lng ca qu trnh ny.
Cu hi: L nh cung cp vc-xin chnh, UNICEF v WHO lm g m bo s an
ton ca vc-xin?
Tr li: UNICEF ch mua cc vc-xin c WHO tin thm nh cht lng v t c
cc tiu chun quc t t ra. V Cung ng ca UNICEF sau s m nhn vic cung
ng cc vc-xin c GAVI mua n tn cc kho bo qun vc-xin ti cc quc gia.
WHO tun th mt quy trnh ngt ngho nh gi cc c s sn xut vc-xin cng nh
cc tiu chun cht lng. Nhng quy trnh ny m bo nhng k thut sn xut u vit
nht c p dng v cc quc gia sn xut vc-xin c cc c s vt cht v my mc
c th sn xut nhng loi vc-xin vi cht lng cao nht c chp nhn.
Cht lng vc-xin c chuyn ti cc quc gia cng c thng xuyn kim tra, gim
st qua nhiu vng kim nh ngu nhin cc mu sn phm su thng mt ln do WHO
thc hin. Thm na, vic ti thm nh v nh gi y cht lng vc-xin li c
thc hin hai nm mt ln.

Cu hi: UNICEF hin nay mua vc-xin ti cc nc ang pht trin nh n v

Innsia. Cc vc-xin ny c an ton nh cc vc-xin c sn xut cc nc
pht trin khng?
Tr li: UNICEF mua vc-xin t cc nh sn xut m bo cht lng cc cc nc pht
trin v ang pht trin. Tt c cc nh sn xut vc-xin u phi tun th cc cht lng
do WHO t ra. UNICEF mua vc-xin trong sut hn 35 nm qua v mua vc-xin t cc
nh sn xut t tiu chun do WHO t ra ti cc nc ang pht trin trong hn 15 nm
qua.
Cu hi: Liu cc quc gia mua vc-xin thng qua UNICEF c th quyt nh la chn
nh cung cp m h thch khng?
Tr li: Khng. UNICEF mua vc-xin t nhiu nh sn xut c WHO tin thm nh
cht lng. Vc-xin c mua t u ph thuc vo kh nng ca nh sn xut c th cung
cp vi cht lng p ng c cc tiu chun t ra cng nh cung cp ng vi tin
thi gian yu cu. iu ny gip m bo mt h thng cung cp vc-xin hu hiu trn
phm vi ton cu.
Cu hi: Liu cc quc gia c th s dng an ton cc vc-xin cng loi song c cc
tn hiu khc nhau hay khng? Hay ni mt cch khc, cng mt loi vc-xin song c
cc tn hiu khc nhau c th s dng thay th cho nhau c khng?
Tr li: Vc-xin c tn hiu v t cc ngun khc nhau, nhng cng l mt loi c th s
dng thay th cho nhau, nu chng cng c mua t cc nh sn xut c WHO tin
thm nh cht lng.
Cu hi: V sao UNICEF gi vc-xin c sn xut ti cc nc ang pht trin (v d
n /Innsia) ti mt s quc gia, trong khi mt s quc gia khc li nhn c
vc-xin t cc nh sn xut ti Chu u hoc M?
Tr li: Quyt nh v ngun cung cp vc-xin no ph thuc vo thc t nh sn xut no
p ng c s lng vc-xin yu cu vo ng thi gian . Tt c cc loi vc-xin do
UNICEF cung cp u phi qua mt quy trnh kim sot ngt ngho v cht lng ca
WHO, bt k vc-xin c sn xut u
c thm thng tin, xin xem thm:
http://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/
http://www.wpro.who.int/topics/immunization/en/
http://www.wpro.who.int/vietnam/topics/immunization/factsheet/vi/index.html
http://www.unicef.org/immunization/
http://www.gavialliance.org/country/vietnam/
Thng tin lin h:

Mr Trinh Anh Tuan | UN Communication Officer | One UN Communications Office

Tel: +84 4 38224383 | Mob: 0903296393 | Email : trinh.anh.tuan@one.un.org

Ms Tran Thi Loan | Communications Assistant | World Health Organization

Tel: +84 43 943 3734 | Mob: 0915 413 814 | Email : media.vtn@wpro.who.int