Agri-Supply Chain Management

Agri-Supply Chain Management
Toine Timmermans
Wageningen UR
Quality in Chains
toine.timmermans@wur.nl
Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

page 1
Agenda
Introduction
Developments & Consumer Trends in Europe
Opportunities for export of Asian Fruits
Post-harvest Technology
Examples of Integrated Projects
Conclusions
Discussion

page 2
Wageningen University & Research Centre
Type of research
Employees
Students
PhD
Wageningen
University
8 research
centres
2 research
stations
Fundamental
Strategic
Applied
3100
900
2900
4650
1006
For Quality of Life

page 3
Trend: Globalisation
The Global Food System: Balancing production & consumption

page 4
Food Safety: just a few words

EU Food Safety is Complex (GAP, Codex, General Food Law, Haccp, etc.),
Reports of Exceedance of Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticide
residues in products from Thailand.
Structural attention is needed !
Retailers
Retailers
Food
Foodservice
service
Consumers
Consumers
Food
Food Safety
Safety
Food
Foodscandals
scandals
Private
PrivateSector
Sector
Authorities
Authorities

page 5
Quality management as systems innovation

From licence to
produce towards
licence to deliver
From retail backwards
quality management
is forced upon every
single link in the
chain.
Autonomous control in
Control upon control
system
ETHICS
Selected products
CHAIN
QUALITY
FOOD QUALITY
All products
FOOD SAFETY
AVAILABILITY
Government, laws, choice of suppliers

page 6
Development of relationships
Future
Developing
country
Underdeveloped
3rd world
country
Farmer to
Farmer
sells
(village)
Developed
country
Retailer to
farmer
supply chain
efficiency
(continent)
Middleman
(country)
store
(region)
r
aile
t
e
R
en
driv
iven
r
d
cer
u
d
Pro
Co-makership:
product
development
(global)
er
m
u
s
Con ven
dri

page 7
Choice: Market strategy

Produce as raw material
supplier ?
Produce by a market-oriented,
demand driven strategy?
Market-/product
development
International trade
of raw materials
Category
management
Optimal, cheap
production
location
Key relationships
with secondary
processors
Cheap
raw materials???
OR
Market research
and intelligence
Location
close to demand
Key customer
relationships
Optimal supply
to
customer/consumer
page 8
Power in the agrifood chain in Europe

Supply Chain Funnel Europe, J.W. Grievink
Consumers (160.000.000)
Shoppers (89.000.000)
Stores (170.000)
Formulas (600)
Buyers
organisations (90)
Power
Processing (8.600)
Sec. processing (80.000)
Suppliers (160.000)
Retail and buyers

organizations center of power
& control in the chain.
Processing industry and
trading organizations leading
in product innovation
Breeding companies will gain
influence (forward integration)
Farmers,fishermen,etcetera (3.300.000)
Breeding companies (<500)

page 9
Trend in retail: From dryware to fresh

page 10
Market trends in food (Europe)

Pleasure
Cheap
Health
Easy-to-use
on-the-Go
Consciousness

page 11
Development of consumer trends

Top 20 of most successfull food introductions in the
NetherlandsCheap
Healthy
Easy-use
Pleasure
100%
90%
38
80%
57
58
51
70%
60%
16
50%
18
40%
20
30%
37
32
24
20%
22
10%
0%
11
0
2001
2003
2004
0
2002
Source: IRI, Zaltbommel

page 12
Combinations are more successful
Conscious
Cheap
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Healthy
Hero Fruit-2-day
Max Havelaar coffeepad
Lays Sensations
Steam fresh
Happy Euro pizza
On-the-Go
Easy-to-use
Pleasure

page 13
Fruit consumption
Fruit consumption levels are low (and tend not to rise)

Shares of organic & fair trade increase
Fresh cut fruit salads & healthy/easy to use grows
Most successful (processed) fruit products:
branding & marketing

page 14

Sustainability & Consciousness
Max Havelaar/Fair Trade
Organic
Fruits are healthy

Local taste & local supply chain organization
Added value activities (pre-processing, product innovation,
ready to eat concepts, packaging, traceability, chain
certificates)
Scale of operations, compliance with food-safety standards
and pricing always will be important
Crucial will be the ability to build partnership relations
page 15
Agenda
Introduction
Conclusions
Discussion

page 16
Long term Storage

Packaging Technology
Cold Chain Management
Energy efficient transport
Quality Measurement
Integral Logistic Solutions

Session IV: Safety & Quality
Assurance
Fresh Logistics
page 17
Research facilities

page 18
Long Term Storage with SmartFresh

SmartFresh:
An expanding new technology in storage
and agro-distribution
Examples of current use:
apple storage (Europe, USA, New-Zealand, China)
avocado transport (South Africa)
banana shelf-life (USA)
kiwi (Chile)
tomatoes (South-Europe)
ornamentals (USA)

page 19
Long Term Storage with SmartFresh

SmartFresh = 1-MCP
Damp
Treatment during 24 hours
At room temperature: 10-14 days
effect
At low temperature: long-term
effect
1 treatment after harvest in storage
room
1-MCP
Water
Smart
Fresh

page 20
Packaging of perishables
Complex mix of demands and wishes
Distinctive/attractive:
Protective:
Food safety:
Legislation:
Logistics:
Sustainable:
shape, prints, material,

mechanically, biologically
cooling; hygiene (anti-microbial)
(GFL) - tracing and tracking
modular/stackable/ machineable
low weight/recyclable/compostable
Cost effective !!!

page 21
Special solid board box for bell peppers
Air freight
replaced by
sea freight
product quality (shelf-life in days)
Modified Atmosphere Packaging = MAP
standard
new box
11
14
0
4
distribution lead time (days)

page 22
Quama = Equilibrium MAP

Effect MAP on fruits and
vegetables:
Slows down ripening
proces
Optimal eq. gasconc. is

specific for each product
Gas conc. %
20
O2
CO2
10
CO2: Anti microbial action
Low O2 minimizes
enzymatic discoloration
Time in days
page 23
Strawberry and Quama: storage 8C

page 24
Quality effect: no SO2 pad included
Special
Special
top
top foil
foil
Patented Tray
page 25
Equilibrium ma-packaging: consumerpacks

MA-packaging concept
for a range of fruits
and vegetables:
The natural respiration
builds up a protective
atmosphere
Matching of respiration
and gas permeability of
the packaging
page 26
Modified Atmosphere Packaging

MAP concept is beneficial in various distribution
chains
Packaging development needs a chain perspective
Wageningen-UR step-by-step method: from idea,
laboratory test to real world implementation
Knowledge of quality behavior of fresh products in
distribution chains is key issue
page 27
RFID+ - Datachat as futuristic integrated

concept
+
RFID
This is RFID with
extra information
about fresh products,
e.g. shelf life
Aim
To reduce
shrinkage and OOS
by better stock
control
Name
Location
How are you?
ID (barcode)
Location
Shelf life

page 28
QUEST: Energy reduction in reefer transport

page 29
Modeling toolbox
Network model
distributed model
page 30
Controlled avocado ripening

Goal:
To ripen avocados on demand in automated system
Task:
Develop an avocado ripening controller
that manipulates storage temperature of avocados
such that the given desired firmness is reached
page 31
Avocado Ripening Model

The Avocado Ripening Controller needs
- to estimate the firmness from ethylene production
- to know the expected firmness path at a chosen
temperature
Task:
Develop an Avocado Ripening Model that describes:
4
8
E [pmole.h/kg.s]
3
2
1
0
0
100
200
x 10
6
4
2
0
0
300
100
t [h]
20
1000
15
500
0
0
100
200
t [h]
200
300
200
300
t [h]
1500
T [ oC]
Edot [pmole/kg.s]
the ethylene production and firmness

of ripening avocados
as a function of time and temperature
S [0-5]
300
10
5
0
100
t [h]

page 32
Product research for avocado ripening model

8000 ethylene production measurements
7000 colour measurements
7000 firmness measurements
4000 avocados tested
200
2.5
3d
4d
5d
6d
8d
2.0
1000
1.5
800
5
ethylene production
10d
firmness index
90
1.0
80
70
0.5
0.0
0
0
6
8
time (days)
10
12
6
8
time (days)
10
VC 2H4 (pmol\kg.s)
50
60
50
CO2 (%)
600
400
200
firmness/colour/CO2
100
ethylene production
(pmol/kg.s)
colour index
firmness index
ethylene production
150
40
3012
0
0
10
12
Time (days)
20
10
0
0
10
12
14
Time (days)

page 33
Cold Chain Management

Some Results of Keepability & Cooling project for Dutch
commodities:
Is cooling necessary ?
YES
Is condensation bad ?
NO, if the quality is good
Is slower cooling possible?
YES
Optimal temperature is the best: cooling always better
Product with bad (initial) quality cannot be rescued with
cooling
After harvesting up to 48 hours to achieve optimal temperature
Temperature changes can be tolerated
Condensation with bad product shows product specific effects
No cooling in the supermarket
has disadvantageous
effect
Enhancing
Export Competitiveness of Asian
Fruits 2006
page 34
Rico
Talisa 1
Talisa 2
Talisa 3
Talisa 4
continuous
5C
`
continuous
8C
continuous
11C
1x
condensation
VBN
chain
simulation

page 35
Quality Measurement
Biochem. Analysis
Gas Analysis
Computer imaging
Firmness
Colour
Acid titration
page 36
Quality Measurement: Initial post-harvest

quality
Present
Measuring effects of biological processes
Secondary signal
Too late for acting
Using genomics
Measuring initiation of cellular processes
indication of physiological status
early warning -> mRNA

page 37
Quality indicator selection

page 38
Translate genomics info into quality test

Combine selected genes into quality sensor
Optimal test format depends on
test environment
customer demands
nr of genes needed

page 39
Example: Storage quality apples

Apples are stored for months
Sometimes taste/health
profile deteriorates
AFSG developed test for
early prediction of mealiness
in Cox apples
Batch can be sold before

quality decay starts
page 40
Role of modeling & simulation

Robust Network design using the Supply Chain Optimiser
Simulation package
Chain-wide
Quality progress
Chain - product - combinations
A mirror to reality
Optimum chain design
To judge situations before they are
implemented in practice

page 41
Agenda
Introduction
Conclusions
Discussion

page 42

page 43

page 44

page 45

page 46
ISAFRUIT
Full project title

Increasing Fruit consumption through a
transdisciplinary approach leading to high quality
produce from environmentally safe sustainable
methods.
62 partners, 200 research staff, 16 countries,
budget 21.1 MEuro, runs from 2006 to 2010.
www.isafruit.org
www.isafruit.eu
page 47
ISAFRUIT
WP 3.1
MPFRUIT
Structure of program
WP 3.2
JUICETHIRSTY
WP 1.1
EUFCON
WP 2.1
FRUITEFFECTS
WP 5.1
ECOFRUIT
WP 3.3
DRYFRUIT
WP 6.1
GENFRUIT
WP 7.1
FRUITSKILS
WP 4.1
NONCHEMFRUIT
WP 1.2
CONPREF
WP 2.2
FRUITSLIM
WP 5.2
SMARTFRUIT
WP 3.4
COMPONENTS
WP 7.2
FRUITSCIENCE
WP 6.2
TRANSFRUIT
WP 1.3
INNOFRUIT
WP 2.3
FRUITHEALTH
WP 7.3
FRUITRIGHTS
WP 5.3
ORGANIC-FRUIT
WP 4.2
OPTIMALQUALITY
WP 1.4
INNOCHAIN
WP 2.4
FRUITCLEAN
WP 5.4
PROFIFRUIT
WP 6.3
NEWFRUIT
WP 7.4
FRUITWEB

page 48
Conclusions & Recommendations (1)

There are opportunities to increase export to the European
market; especially with a demand driven strategy
Insight in the Market & Consumer trends is essential
Food-safety, price and efficiency are basic requirements
Added value makes the difference (robustness,
innovation, local processing, chain certification and
branding)
Partnerships in the chain are crucial
page 49
Conclusions & Recommendations (2)

Use the latest developments in post harvest R&D:
technology, scenario analysis, protocols, quality
certification
Organize international arenas for interaction with
stakeholders
What is the level of ambition and is there a corresponding budget ?
Essential role of private sector and entrepreneurs

Technology is available, it is setting out a strategy, invest & organize

page 50
Thanks you for your attention!

Questions ?
Co-operation

page 51

Agri-Supply Chain Management

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Agri-Supply Chain Management

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Wageningen University & Research Centre

For Quality of Life

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Food Safety: just a few words

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Quality management as systems innovation

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Choice: Market strategy

Power in the agrifood chain in Europe

Retail and buyers

Breeding companies (<500)

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Trend in retail: From dryware to fresh

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Market trends in food (Europe)

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Development of consumer trends

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Source: IRI, Zaltbommel

Combinations are more successful

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Fruit consumption levels are low (and tend not to rise)

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Opportunities for export of Asian Fruits

Fruits are healthy

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Long term Storage

Integral Logistic Solutions

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Long Term Storage with SmartFresh

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Long Term Storage with SmartFresh

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

shape, prints, material,

Cost effective !!!

Special solid board box for bell peppers

product quality (shelf-life in days)

Modified Atmosphere Packaging = MAP

distribution lead time (days)

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Quama = Equilibrium MAP

Optimal eq. gasconc. is

CO2: Anti microbial action

Strawberry and Quama: storage 8C

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Quality effect: no SO2 pad included

Equilibrium ma-packaging: consumerpacks

Modified Atmosphere Packaging

RFID+ - Datachat as futuristic integrated

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

QUEST: Energy reduction in reefer transport

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Controlled avocado ripening

Avocado Ripening Model

the ethylene production and firmness

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Product research for avocado ripening model

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006

Cold Chain Management

Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits 2006