Definisi etiologi klasifikasi

insidensi

definisi
Apleural effusionis an abnormal
collection of fluid in the pleural space
resulting from excess fluid production
or decreased absorption or both

klasifikasi
Characteristic
Transudate
Exudate
Appearance
Clear, colorless
Yellow,
purulent, bloody
Specific gravity
<1.015
>1.015
Protein
<3 g/dL
>3 g/dL
LDH
<200 IU
>200 IU
Cell count
<1000/uL
>1000/uL
Rivalta test
(-)
(+)
Cholesterol
<60mg/dl
>60mg/dl
Ph
>7.31
<7.31

etiologi
Altered permeability of the pleural membranes (eg, inflammation,
malignancy, pulmonary embolus)
Reduction in intravascular oncotic pressure (eg,hypoalbuminemia
due to nephrotic syndrome orcirrhosis)
Increased capillary permeability or vascular disruption (eg,
trauma, malignancy, inflammation, infection, pulmonary
infarction, drug hypersensitivity, uremia,pancreatitis)
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure in the systemic and/or
pulmonary circulation (eg,congestive heart failure, superior vena
cava syndrome)
Decreased lymphatic drainage or complete blockage, including
thoracic duct obstruction or rupture (eg, malignancy, trauma)
Increased peritoneal fluid, with migration across the diaphragm
via the lymphatics or structural defect (eg, cirrhosis, peritoneal
dialysis)

Leading Causes of Pleural Effusion in the United States, According to Analysis of Patients
Subjected to Thoracentesis

Insidensi

Light R. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1971-1977