As has already been indicated, alkanes are relatively unreactive.

For an organic molecule to be reactive it needs something additional.

A site of reactivity in an organic molecule is called a functional group.

C=C double is a functional group.

Other functional groups contain elements other than C or H, notably O, N and Cl.
A functional group could be an atom or a group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for
its characteristic chemical reactions.

Alkanes

Only carbon and hydrogen

All single bonds

Their names end with -ane

Alkenes

Only carbon and hydrogen

A carbon to carbon double bond

Their names end with -ene

Alkynes

Only carbon and hydrogen

A carbon to carbon triple bond

Their names end with -yne

Alcohols

Only one oxygen

Has an O-H group

Can be classified as 1/2/3 according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton

They are named as alkanol

Aldehydes

Only one oxygen

Has a C=O group

C=O group is at the end of the carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom

They are named as alkanal

Ketones

Only one oxygen

Has a C=O group

C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons

They are named as alkanone

Esters

Has 2 oxygens

One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is next door, sandwiched between two carbons.

They are named as Alkylalkanoate

carboxylic acids

Has 2 oxygens

Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom

This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain.

They are named as alkanoic acid

Ether

Has 1 oxygen

No O-H or C=O group

The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms

Their names end with -ether

Amines

Contain Nitrogen

Has an NH2 group

Can be classified as 1/2/3 according to the number of carbon atoms connected to the N

They are named as alkyl amine

Amide

Has NH2 and C=O groups on the same carbon atom

They are named as

alkanamide

Haloalkanes

Have the general formula R-X where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen

They are named as haloalkanes