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Effective Writing 2
Effective Writing 2
Yet no
As far as archaeologists know, the Australian Aborigines were the first people to inhabit
Australia. In fact, the ancestors of the indigenous Australians were the first human beings
to cross oceanic depths between continents (Ward 1). Anthropologists speculate that the
first human occupants in Australia were of the 'Australoid' race (Ward 6). It is thought that
these first pioneering explorers entered Australia at least 50 000 B.P., that is, before the
present (time), as archaeologists say (Ward 1). In 1989 archaeologists excavated two
ancient Aboriginal campsites at the foot of the western escarpment of the Arnhem Land
plateau. From these excavations it was established (through the use of thermo-luminescent
and radio carbon dating) that men and women had first occupied the sites between 60 000
and 50 000 B.P. (Ward 1). The first indication of the culture, beliefs and way of life of
these people occurred when archaeologists found the skeleton of a cremated woman at
Lake Mungo in New South Wales. Evidence also suggests that there was continuous
human occupation from at least 32 750 to 24 000 B.P. in this area (Ward 1). Yet 'for all but
the last two hundred years, the Australian Aborigines were almost completely isolated from
contact with other people' (Nile 32). However, the first people that the Aborigines may
The Asians or perhaps more precisely, the Buginese, are thought to have fished in
Australian waters and possibly had some sort of contact with the Aborigines, before
Europeans arrived (Clark 1). Yet many have ignored the fact that the Buginese may have
had contact or knowledge of Australia, before Europeans encountered the continent. It is
recognised that the Buginese were arriving at the north coast from the Celebes to gather
trepang - a sea-slug used by the Chinese for soup and as an aphrodisiac. However, they did
not appear to be interested in gaining or invading the land. Perhaps the Buginese were as
unimpressed by what they saw of the land as the Dutch and other explorers were afterwards
(Clark 1).
In fact, the Europeans were the last to 'discover' Australia. Many Europeans speculated that
there had to be a great unknown southern land - terra australis incognita - to balance the
landmasses of the northern part of the world. In 1606, Spanish explorer Luis Vaez de
Torres was the first to confirm that Australia and New Guinea were separate landmasses,
when he sailed through the strait between New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula (Nile 98).
However, the first European to land in Australia was a Dutchman named Dirk Hartog who
arrived accidentally on the west coast while on his way from the Netherlands to Batavia.
He left a pewter plate inscribed with the name of his ship and its officers on the shore (Nile
100). Another great discovery of Australia was made by Abel Tasman - also a Dutch
explorer. Tasman discovered the island which now carries his name, Tasmania in 1642
(Clark 12). Yet perhaps the most important discovery made by a European was by Captain
James Cook. In 1770, Cook did what no other European had done officially - he placed the
British flag on Australia and claimed it for Britain. He also chartered the entire east coast
(while the Dutch mapped the west). In fact, he confirmed that what the Dutch called 'New
Holland' was indeed 'The Great South Land' (Nile 105). In addition, he confirmed that
apart from Australia and Antarctica, no other southern continent existed (Nile 103). Thus
he completed the jigsaw of the south. While Cook's discovery was beneficial in some
aspects, it was detrimental in others. Since European colonization and settlement the
traditional pattern of the lives of the Aborigines has been massively disrupted and changed.
Therefore, from the view of the Australian Aborigines, it may be a mute point to suggest
that Captain James Cook or any other European discovered Australia. In addition, while
Cook's discovery was extremely significant, one must take into account that Europeans
were quite confidant that a south land existed and it was simply a matter of time before it
was found. Therefore, Captain Cook did not 'discover', but merely uncovered a land which
was already known in the minds of the Europeans. However, it is important to accredit all
explorers of 'The Great South Land' and to recognize the contribution of the original
inhabitants and their history with the land, as they all helped in the shaping of Australia.