CC AND CR MODEL

SOPHISTICAL
REFUTATIONS
Sanzhar Kerimbek (Sancho)

Rivalry between CC and CR model

CR model narrowing respective range
of application and positioning CR model
for knowledge down below and what is
called immediate knowledge, such as
the knowledge we have , or appear to
have of our own sensory experience
CC model stands for mediate

 Causalizing CC model : in
determining whether alpha , it is
possible for an agent both to attempt
to follow ad to experience himself as
following the routines sanctioned by
the CC model and that doing so is
sometimes a necessary condition of
his actually doing well by the lights
of the CR model.

 The True appearance hypothesis:

A reason that this is the way things
appear is that rather massively this is
the way things actually are.
The False appearance
hypothesis: A reason that this is the
way things appear is the sheer scale
of our mistakenness. A mistake is an

Argument
Counting in favor of the modelling option is
the phenomenon of belief change and
inference , au fond , is a belief change.
BAD modelling: do not model premiseconclusion reasoning in the logic of
argument
This advice is heavily needed for CR
modelling. For CC model it seems like it

What do we know about Aristotle?

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born
circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he
turned 17, he enrolled in Platos Academy. In
338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In
335, Aristotle founded his own school, the
Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the
rest of his life studying, teaching and writing.
Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens
and fled to Chalcis.

ARISTOTLE ON SOPHISTICAL
REFUTATIONS

Aristotles list of the fallacies gives

Ambiguity (equivocation or homonymy)
Amphiboly (or ambiguity)
Combination
Division
Accent
Form of expression
Accident
The use of words absolutely or in a certain respect
Misconception of refutation
Begging the question
Consequent
Non causa pro causa
Complex question

Reasoning and refutation are

sometimes real and sometimes not, but
appear to be real owing to men's
inexperience; for the inexperienced are
like those who view things from a
distance. Reasoning is based on certain
statements made in such a way as
necessarily to cause the assertion of
things other than those statements and
as a result of those statements;