Mastering

CAD/CAM
Ibrahim Zeid

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
GOAL
Understand and master the nature of CAD/CAM systems, their
basic
structure, their use in engineering tasks, and their use to create
geometric
models of simple parts.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Product life cycle
Scope of CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM Applications
Acquiring CAD/CAM Systems
Installing CAD/CAM Systems
Becoming familiar with CAD/CAM systems
GUIs and Help menus
Demo parts
2

CHAPTER 2 3D MODELING AND

VIEWING
GOAL
Understand and master the basic concepts of 3D modeling and
viewing,
the difference between them, the control of modeling via sketch
planes,
and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in geometric
modeling.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Types of geometric models
Coordinate systems
Sketching and sketch planes
Modeling entities and features
Modeling operations
Modeling strategies
Model viewing
System modes
3

CHAPTER 3 MODELING AIDS AND

TOOLS
GOAL
Understand and master modeling aids and manipulations, know
the
available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and learn how and
when
to use the tools to speed up geometric construction.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Geometric modifiers
Layers
Colors
Grids
Groups
Entity selection
Entity manipulation
Entity editing
4

CHAPTER 4 ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

GOAL
Understand and master the creation of engineering drawings, their
use in
design documentation, their use in manufacturing activities, the
information that a drawing stores, and how to avoid over- or underdimensioning.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Engineering drawings (blueprints)
CAD drawings
CAD views
Title block
Dimensioning
Tolerances
Notes and labels
Manufacturing information
5

CHAPTER 5 CAD/CAM PROGRAMMING

GOAL
Understand and master the concepts of object-oriented
programming
and their use in parametric design, become familiar with
customizing
CAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of CAD/CAM
programming.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Object definition
Object creation and use
Inheritance
Macros
CAD/CAM API functions
C++ and OpenGL
Java 3D
6

CHAPTER 6 - CURVES
GOAL
Understand and master the theory and practice of curves, their
types,
parametric formulation, vector analysis, their implementation by
CAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric modeling.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Geometric modeling
Modeling entities
Curve implicit equations
Curve parametric equations
Curve properties
Analytic curves
Synthetic curves
Curve manipulations
7

CHAPTER 7 - SURFACES
GOAL
Understand and master the theory and practice of surfaces, their
types,
parametric formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAD
systems, and
their use in geometric modeling.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Surfaces and solid modeling
Surface entities
Extending curves to surfaces
Surface parametric equations
Surface properties
Analytic surfaces
Parametric surfaces
Surface manipulations
8

CHAPTER 8 - NURBS
GOAL
Understand and master the theory and practice of NURBS curves
and
surfaces, their formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAM
systems,
and the advantages of their use in geometric modeling.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
NURBS modeling
NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights)
NURBS curves
NURBS lines
NURBS arcs and circles
NURBS surfaces
NURBS bilinear surface
NURBS ruled surface
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CHAPTER 9 - INTRODUCTION
GOAL
Understand and master the concepts of solid modeling, the use of
primitives in geometric modeling, the basics of Boolean
operations, and
the representation schemes of solids.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Geometry and topology
Primitives
Primitives manipulation
Regularized sets
Set membership classification
Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
Boundary representation (B-rep)
Sweeps
10

CHAPTER 10 - INTRODUCTION
GOAL
Understand and master the concept of features and their use in
geometric
modeling; the basics of parametrics, relations, and constraints;
and the use
of parametrics and relations in what-if design questions.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Features and primitives
Feature entities
3D sketching
Feature representation
Creating features
Parametrics
Relations and constraints
Feature manipulations
11

CHAPTER 11 GRAPHICS DISPLAY

GOAL
Understand and master the concept of raster displays, the types of
display
monitors (including the digital flat panel displays), and the
parameters of
these displays.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Impact of displays on CAD models
CRTs
Flat screen CRTs
Flat panel displays
LCDs
Digital flat panel displays
Comparing displays
Specifications
12

CHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONS

GOAL
Understand and master the concepts of geometric transformations,
their
types, their use in geometric modeling, how they speed up the
creation of
CAD models, and how CAD systems use them to create views and
engineering drawings.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Need for geometric transformations
Translation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and reflection
Homogeneous transformations
Concatenated transformations
Inverse transformations
Projections of geometric models
Orthographic projections
Perspective projections

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CHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATION
GOAL
Understand and master the concepts of rendering and
visualization and
their importance to geometric modeling, and understand the
related
algorithms.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Need for rendering
Model cleanup
Hidden line removal
Hidden surface removal
Hidden solid removal
Visualization algorithms
Shading
Colors
14

CHAPTER 14 COMPUTER ANIMATION

GOAL
Understand and master the concepts of motion and animation
and their
importance to geometric modeling, and understand the related
algorithms.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the
following concepts:
Need for motion and animation
Computer animation
Frame-buffer animation
Real-time playback
Keyframe technique
Simulation approach
Animation-related problems
Animation of articulated bodies
15

CHAPTER 15 MASS PROPERTIES

GOAL
Understand and master geometric and mass properties, how to
calculate
them, the concept of numerical integration, and how to use CAD
systems
to calculate mass properties.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Importance of mass properties in CAD design
Calculate curve and contour lengths
Calculate areas
Calculate volumes
Calculate centroids
Calculate inertia properties
Use Gauss quadrature
Use mass properties in part design
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CHAPTER 16 ASSEMBLY MODELING

GOAL
Understand and master assemblies, the different approaches to
creating
then, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD systems to create
assembly
models.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Differences between part and assembly modeling
Mating conditions
Bottom-up assembly modeling approach
Top-down assembly modeling approach
WCS and mate methods to assemble parts
Managing assemblies
Working with subassemblies
Assembly analysis
17

CHAPTER 17 FINITE ELEMENT

METHOD

GOAL
Understand finite element modeling and analysis. How to
calculate
stresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems to help perform
FEM/FEA.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Why the finite element method
Procedure of the finite element method
FEA
FEM
Preprocessors: mesh generation
Postprocessors: results display
Understanding the results
How CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEA
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CHAPTER 18 PRODUCT DATA

EXCHANGE

GOAL
Understand data exchange standards including IGES and STEP,
how
translators work, why we need preprocessors and postprocessors,
and
how to test translators to ensure the correct data conversion.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Necessary evil of CAD/CAM data translation
Data exchange format
IGES standard
STEP standard
ACIS format

DXF de facto standard

File structure and format
Testing and verification
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CHAPTER 19 COLLABORATIVE DESIGN

GOAL
Understand the difference between traditional and collaborative
design,
become familiar with collaborative design concepts, understand its
requirements, and know what tools are needed to perform
collaborative
design.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Synchronous and asynchronous communication
Distributed computing model
Instant messaging
Virtual reality
Collaborative design principles
Collaboration approaches
Collaboration tools
Collaborative design software

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CHAPTER 20 ENGINEERING
TOLERANCES

GOAL
Understand the importance and role of tolerances in manufacturing,
the
different types of tolerances, part inspection and its relation to
tolerances,
and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Tolerance concepts: limits and fits, accumulation, cost, and quality
Conventional tolerances
Geometric tolerances
Datums
ANSI GD&T Y14.5M standards
Inspection gages
Tolerance stackup analysis
Tolerance synthesis

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CHAPTER 21 PROCESS PLANNING

GOAL
Understand the interface between design and manufacturing and
between
CAD and CAM, the importance of process planning, the basics of
CAPP,
and the benefits of CAPP.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Manual process planning
Essentials of CAPP
Input and output of CAPP systems
CAPP models
Architecture of CAPP systems
CAPP approaches: variant, generative, and hybrid
CAPP benefits
CAPP software
22

CHAPTER 22 PART PROGRAMMING

GOAL
Understand the basics of machine tools and their programming. Part
programming an its basics, the fundamentals of coding languages and
structure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for generating and
verifying
toolpaths.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
Importance of part programming
Working at the interface between CAF and CAM
CAM requirements of CAD data
Fundamentals of machine tools: axes radius programming, and tool
offsets
APT programming: geometric and motion statements
Toolpath generation
Toolpath verification

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CHAPTER 23 PRODUCT LIFECYCLE

MANAGEMENT
GOAL
Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies to implement,
what a
PLM system offers, what PDM is and its relationship to PLM, and
analyze
some PLM and PDM case studies.
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should understand the following
concepts:
The current engineering and design practice
Types of product information
PLM goal
PLM benefits
PLM systems
PLM enabling technologies
PDM
Case studies of implementing PLM and PDM
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