500

Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

Vnh Long, Xun Mu T, 2008

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

1. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

2

a 2 + (1 b) + b 2 + (1 c) + c 2 + (1 a )

3 2
.
2

Komal
2. [ Dinu Serbnescu ] Cho a, b, c (0,1) . Chng minh rng
abc + (1 a )(1 b)(1 c) < 1 .

Junior TST 2002, Romania

3. [ Mircea Lascu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng
minh rng

b+c c +a a +b
+
+
a + b + c + 3.
a
b
c
Gazeta Matematic
4. Nu phng trnh x 4 + ax3 + 2 x 2 + bx + 1 = 0 c t nht mt nghim thc, th

a 2 + b2 8 .
Tournament of the Towns, 1993
5. Cho cc s thc x, y, z tha mn iu kin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 . Hy tm gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc

x3 + y 3 + z 3 3xyz .
6. Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 1 . Chng minh
rng

ax + by + cz + 2 ( xy + yz + zx )(ab + bc + ca ) a + b + c .
Ukraine, 2001
7. [ Darij Grinberg] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
2

(b + c)

b
2

(c + a )

c
2

( a + b)

9
.
4 (a + b + c)

8. [ Hojoo Lee ] Cho a, b, c 0 . Chng minh rng

a4 + a2b2 + b4 + b4 + b2c2 + c4 + c4 + c2a2 + a4 a 2a2 + bc + b 2b2 + ca + c 2c2 + ab .

Gazeta Matematic
9. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 2 . Chng minh rng
a 3 + b 3 + c3 a b + c + b c + a + c a + b .

JBMO 2002 Shortlist

10. [ Ioan Tomescu ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

xyz
1
4.
(1 + 3x)( x + 8 y )( y + 9 z )( z + 6) 7
2

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

Gazeta Matematic
11. [ Mihai Piticari, Dan Popescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
5 (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 6 (a 3 + b 3 + c3 ) +1 .

12. [ Mircea Lascu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn , n 2, a > 0 sao cho

x1 + x2 + ... + xn = a, x12 + x22 + ... + xn2

a2
.
n 1

Chng minh rng

2a
xi 0, , i = 1, 2,..., n .
n
13. [ Adrian Zahariuc ] Cho a, b, c (0,1) . Chng minh rng
b a
c b
a c
+
+
1 .
4b c c a 4c a a b 4a b b c

14. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc 1 . Chng minh rng
a b c
+ + a +b+c .
b c a

15. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Mircea Lascu ] Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu

kin a + x b + y c + z , a + b + c = x + y + z . Chng minh rng
ay + bx ac + xz .

16. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Mircea Lascu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
1+

3
6

.
a + b + c ab + bc + ca

Junior TST 2003, Romania

17. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a 3 b3 c 3 a 2 b 2 c 2
+ + + + .
b2 c2 a 2
b
c
a

JBMO 2002 Shortlist

18. Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 3 tha mn iu kin x1 x2 ...xn = 1 . Chng minh rng

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
>1.
1 + x1 + x1 x2 1 + x2 x3
1 + xn + xn x1
Russia, 2004
19. [ Marian Tetiva ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha iu kin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xyz = 1 .
Chng minh rng
1
a) xyz ,
8
3
b) x + y + z ,
2
3

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

3
c) xy + yz + zx x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ,
4
1
d) xy + yz + zx + 2 xyz .
2

20. [ Marius Olteanu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., x5 sao cho x1 + x2 + ... + x5 = 0 . Chng minh rng

cos x1 + cos x2 + ... + cos x5 1 .

Gazeta Matematic
21. [ Florina Crlan, Marian Tetiva ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
x + y + z = xyz . Chng minh rng
xy + yz + zx 3 + x 2 + 1 + y 2 + 1 + z 2 + 1 .

22. [ Laurentiu Panaitopol ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc tha mn iu kin x, y , z > 1 .

Chng minh rng

1+ x2
1+ y2
1+ z 2
+
+
2.
1+ y + z 2 1+ z + x2 1+ x + y 2
JBMO, 2003
23. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
a2 + b b2 + c c2 + a
+
+
2.
b+c
c+a
a +b

24. Cho a, b, c 0 tha mn iu kin a 4 + b 4 + c 4 2 (a 2b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 ) . Chng minh

rng
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 2 (ab + bc + ca ) .
Kvant, 1988
25. Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin

1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
.
x1 +1998 x2 +1998
xn +1998 1998
Chng minh rng
n

x1 x2 ...xn
1998 .
n 1
Vietnam, 1998

26. [Marian Tetiva ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = xyz .

Chng minh rng

a) xyz 27,
b) xy + yz + zx 27 ,
c) x + y + z 9 ,
d) xy + yz + zx 2 ( x + y + z ) + 9 .
27. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 3 . Chng minh rng

x + y + z xy + yz + zx .
4

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

Russia 2002
28. [ D. Olteanu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
3
a+b
a
b+c
b
c+a
c
.
.
.
+
+
.
b + c 2a + b + c c + a 2b + c + a a + b 2c + a + b 4

Gazeta Matematic
29. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a b c c +a a+b b+c
+ +
+
+
.
b c a c +b a +c b+a

India, 2002
30. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

3(ab + bc + ca)
a3
b3
c3
.
+
+

2
2
2
2
2
2
b bc + c
c ac + a
a ab + b
a +b +c
Proposed for the Balkan Mathematical Olympical
31. [ Adrian Zahariuc ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn l cc s nguyn i mt phn bit nhau. Chng
minh rng
x12 + x22 + ... + xn2 x1 x2 + x2 x3 ... + xn x1 + 2n 3 .

32. [ Murray Klamkin ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1 .

Hy tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc

x12 x2 + x22 x3 + ... + xn21 xn + xn2 x1 .

Crux Mathematicorum
33. Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0 tha mn iu kin xk +1 x1 + x2 + ... + xk vi mi k. Hy tm gi tr

ln nht ca hng s c sao cho x1 + x2 + ... + xn c x1 + x2 + ... + xn .

IMO Shortlist, 1986
34. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c, x, y, z tha mn iu kin a + x = b + y = c + z = 1. Chng
minh rng

1
1
1
+ + 3 .
ay bz cx

(abc + xyz )

Russia, 2002
35. [ Viorel Vjitu, Alexvru Zaharescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh
rng
ab
bc
ca
1
+
+
(a + b + c) .
a + b + 2c b + c + 2a c + a + 2b 4

Gazeta Matematic
36. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc tha mn iu kin a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 = 1 . Tm gi tr nh
nht ca biu thc

a 3 (b + c + d ) + b3 (c + d + a) + c 3 (d + a + b) + d 3 (a + b + c) .
37. [ Walther Janous ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

x
x + ( x + y )( x + z )

Cao Minh Quang

y
y + ( y + z )( y + x )

z
z + ( z + x)( z + y )

1 .

Crux Mathematicorum
38. Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an , n 2 l n s thc sao cho a1 < a2 < ... < an . Chng minh rng
a1a24 + a2 a34 + ... + an a14 a2 a14 + a3a24 + ... + a1an4 .

39. [ Mircea Lascu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a
b+c c +a a +b
b
c
+
+
4
+
+
.

b + c c + a a + b
a
b
c
40. Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an l cc s nguyn dng ln hn 1. Tn ti t nht mt trong cc s
a1

a1 , a2 a3 ,..., an1 an , an a1 nh hn hoc bng

3.

Adapted after a well known problem

41. [ Mircea Lascu, Marian Tetiva ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
xy + yz + zx + 2 xyz = 1 . Chng minh rng
1
a) xyz ,
8
3
b) x + y + z ,
2
c)

1 1 1
+ + 4( x + y + z) ,
x y z
2

(2 z 1)
1 1 1
, z = max { x, y, z } .
d)
+ + 4( x + y + z)
x y z
z (2 z +1)
42. [ Manlio Marangelli ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

3( x 2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x )( xy 2 + yz 2 + zx 2 ) xyz ( x + y + z ) .
3

43. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin

max {a, b, c} min {a, b, c} 1

Chng minh rng
1 + a 3 + b3 + c 3 + 6abc 3a 2b + 3b 2 c + 3c 2 a .

44. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

1 1 1
a 2
b2
c2
27 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 6 (a + b + c ) + + .

a b c
bc
ca
ab

a2
1
45. Cho a0 = , a k+1 = ak + k . Chng minh rng
n
2
1
1 < an < 1 .
n
TST Singapore
46. [ Clin Popa ] Cho a, b, c (0,1) tha mn iu kin ab + bc + ca = 1 . Chng minh rng
6

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

a
b
c
3 1 a 2 1 b2 1 c 2
.
+
+

+
+

b
c
1 a 2 1 b 2 1 c 2 4 a
47. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x, y, z 1 tha mn iu kin x + y + z = 1 .
Chng minh rng

1
1
1
27
+
+
.
2
2
2
1+ x
1+ y
1+ z
10
48. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho
2

x + y + z = 1 . Chng minh rng

2

(1 x) (1 y ) (1 z ) 215 xyz ( x + y )( y + z )( z + x) .
49. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin xyz = x + y + z +2 . Chng minh rng
a) xy + yz + zx 2 ( x + y + z ) ,
x+ y+ z

b)

3
xyz .
2

50. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc tha mn iu kin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 . Chng minh rng

x + y + z xyz + 2 .

IMO Shortlist, 1987

51. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn (0,1) v l mt hon v ca

{1, 2,..., n} . Chng minh rng

n

xi n

n
1
1
1 + i=1 .
.

1 x

n i=1 1 xi .x(i)
i=1
i

52. Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin

i=1

i=1

xi (n 1)
i=1

1+ x

= 1 . Chng minh rng

1
.
xi

Vojtech Jarnik
53. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho n > 3 v a1 , a2 ,..., an l cc s thc tha mn iu kin

a n
i

i=1

2
i

n 2 . Chng minh rng

i=1

max {a1 , a2 ,..., an } 2 .

USAMO, 1999
54. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a b bc c d d a
+
+
+
0.
b+c c +d d +a a +b

55. Cho x, y l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

x y + yx >1 .
7

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

France, 1996
56. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng

(a + b)(b + c)(c + a ) 4 (a + b + c 1) .
MOSP, 2001
57. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(a 2 + b2 + c2 )(a + b c)(b + c a)(c + a b) abc (ab + bc + ca) .

58. [ D.P.Mavlo ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(a + 1)(b +1)(c +1)

1 1 1 a b c
.
3+ a +b + c + + + + + + 3
1 + abc
a b c b c a
Kvant, 1988
59. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
x1 x2 ...xn = 1 . Chng minh rng
n
n
1
n .( x + 1) xi + .
x

i=1
n

n
i

i =1

i=1

60. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

1 1 d
a 3 + b3 + c3 + abcd min
, +
.

4 9 27

Kvant, 1993
61. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(1+ a ) (1 + b ) (a c) (b c) (1 + a )(1 + b )(1 + c )(a b) (b c) (c a) .

2 2

2 2

AMM
62. [ Titu Vreescu, Mircea Lascu ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
xyz = 1 v 1. Chng minh rng
x
y
z
3
+
+
.
y+z z+x x+ y 2

63. Cho x1, x2 ,..., xn , y1, y2 ,..., yn tha mn iu kin x12 + x22 +... + xn2 = y12 + y22 +... + yn2 =1 .
Chng minh rng

2
( x1 y2 x2 y1 ) 2 1 xi yi .
i=1

Korea, 2001
64. [ Laurentiu Panaitopol ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an l cc s nguyn dng khc nhau tng i mt.
Chng minh rng
a12 + a22 + ... + an2

2n + 1
(a1 + a2 + ... + an ) .
3

TST Romania
65. [ Clin Popa ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng
minh rng
8

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

b c
3c + ab

Cao Minh Quang

+
b

c a
3a + bc

+
c

a b
3b + ca

3 3
.
4

66. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc tha mn iu kin

(1 + a 2 )(1+ b2 )(1+ c 2 )(1 + d 2 ) = 16 . Chng minh rng

3 ab + bc + cd + da + ac + bd abcd 5 .
67. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(a 2 + 2)(b2 + 2)(c2 + 2) 9(ab + bc + ca) .

APMO, 2004
68. [ Vasile Cirtoale ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc tha mn cc iu kin 0 < x y z,
x + y + z = xyz + 2 . Chng minh rng

a) (1 xy )(1 yz )(1 zx) 0 ,

b) x 2 y 1, x 3 y 2

32
.
27

69. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c abc .

Chng minh rng t nht mt trong ba bt ng thc sau y l ng
2 3 6
2 3 6
2 3 6
+ + 6, + + 6, + + 6 .
a b c
b c a
c a b

TST 2001, USA

70. [ Gabriel Dospinescu, Marian Tetiva ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu
kin x + y + z = xyz . Chng minh rng

( x 1)( y 1)( z 1) 6 3 10 .
71. [ Marian Tetiva ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
2

a3 b3 b3 c3 c 3 a3 (a b) + (b c ) + (c a )
+
+

.
4
a +b
b+c
c+a
Moldova TST, 2004
72. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(a5 a 2 + 3)(b5 b2 + 3)(c5 c 2 + 3) (a + b + c)3 .

USAMO, 2004
73. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin

n
n 1
2
x

k
= n +1 .

x
k =1 k
k =1
Chng minh rng
n 2
n 1
2
x
> n2 + 4 +
.

2
k =1 k

n (n 1)
k =1 xk
74. [ Gabriel Dospinescu, Mircea Lascu, Marian Tetiva ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng.
Chng minh rng
9

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc + 3 (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) .

75. [ Titu Vreescu, Zuming Feng ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
2

( 2a + b + c )
(2b + a + c)
(2c + b + c)
+ 2
+ 2
8.
2
2
2
2
2a + (b + c)
2b + (a + c)
2c + (a + b)
USAMO, 2003
76. Cho x, y l cc s thc dng v m, n l cc s nguyn dng. Chng minh rng

(n 1)(m 1)( x m+n + y m+n ) + (m + n 1)( x m y n + x n y m ) mn ( x m+n1 y + y m+n1 x) .

Austrian Polish Competition, 1995
77. Cho a, b, c, d , e l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abcde = 1 . Chng minh rng
a + abc
b + bcd
c + cde
d + dea
e + eab
10
+
+
+
+
.
1 + ab + abcd 1 + bc + bcde 1 + cd + cdea 1 + de + deab 1 + ea + eabc
3

Crux Mathematicorum

78. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho a, b, c 0, . Chng minh rng
2

sin a.sin (a b).sin (a c ) sin b.sin (b c ).sin (b a ) sin c.sin (c a ).sin (c b)

+
+
0.
sin (b + c )
sin (c + a )
sin (a + b)

TST 2003, USA

79. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a 4 + b4 + c 4 + a 2b 2 + b 2c 2 + c 2 a 2 a 3b + b3c + c 3a + ab3 + bc3 + ca 3 .

KMO Summer Program Test, 2001
80. [ Gabriel Dospinescu, Mircea Lascu ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin
a1a2 ...an = 1 . Hy tm hng s kn nh nht sao cho

(a

2
1

a1a2

+ a2 )(a + a1 )
2
2

a2 a3

(a

2
2

+ a3 )(a + a2 )
2
3

+ ... +

(a

2
n

an a1

+ a1 )(a12 + an )

kn .

81. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

ax + by + cz +

(a 2 + b2 + c 2 )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 3 (a + b + c)( x + y + z ) .
Kvant, 1989

82. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic. Chng minh rng
a b c
b c a
3 + + 1 2 + + .
b c a
a b c

83. [ Walther Janous ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1 .
Chng minh rng

1 + 1 n xi .

x i=1 1 x
i=1
n

Crux Mathematicorum
10

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

84. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Gheoghe Eckstein ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn l cc s thc dng tha mn iu
kin x1 x2 ...xn = 1 . Chng minh rng

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1 .
n 1 + x1 n 1 + x2
n 1 + xn
TST 1999, Romania
85. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha iu kin a2 +b2 +c2 +abc = 4 .
Chng minh rng

0 ab + bc + ca abc 2 .
USAMO, 2001
86. [ Titu Vreescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a +b +c 3
abc max
3

{(

) (
2

a b ,

) (
2

b c ,

c a

) }.
2

TST 2000, USA

87. [ Kiran Kedlaya ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a + ab + 3 abc 3 a + b a + b + c
a.
.
.
3
2
3
88. Tm hng s k ln nht sao cho vi bt k s nguyn dng n khng chnh phng, ta
c

(1+ n ) sin ( n ) > k .

Vietnamese IMO Training Camp, 1995
3

89. [ Trn Nam Dng ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha iu kin ( x + y + z ) = 32 xyz .
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
x4 + y4 + z 4
4

(x + y + z)

Vietnam, 2004
90. [ George Tsintifas ] Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
3
3
3
3
4
(a + b) (b + c) (c + d ) (d + a) 16a 2b2 c 2 d 2 (a + b + c + d ) .

Crux Mathematicorum
91. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha mn iu
kin a + b + c = 1 v n l s nguyn dng. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc

(ab)

1 ab

(bc)

1 bc

(ca)

1 ca

92. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

1
1
1
3
.
+
+

3
a (1 + b) b (1 + c ) c (1 + a )
abc 1 + 3 abc

93. [Trn Nam Dng ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a 2 + b2 + c 2 = 9 .

Chng minh rng
11

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

2 (a + b + c) abc 10 .
Vietnam, 2002
94. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a + 1 1b + 1 1 + b + 1 1c + 1 1 + c + 1 1a + 1 1 3 .

b
c
c
a
a
b

95. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho n l s nguyn ln hn 2. Tm s thc ln nht mn v s

thc nh nht M n sao cho vi cc s thc dng bt k x1 , x2 ,..., xn (xem xn = x0 , xn+1 = x1 ),
ta c
n

mn
i=1

xi
Mn .
xi1 + 2 (n 1) xi + xi +1

96. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

1
1
1
9
.
+ 2
+ 2

2
2
2
2
x + xy + y
y + yz + z
z + zx + x
(x + y + z)
2

Gazeta Matematic
97. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

2 (a3 +1)(b3 +1)(c 3 + 1)(d 3 +1) (1 + abcd )(1 + a 2 )(1 + b 2 )(1 + c 2 )(1 + d 2 ) .
Gazeta Matematic
98. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
4

(a + b) + (b + c) + (c + a)

4 4
a + b4 + c4 ) .
(
7

Vietnam TST, 1996

99. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
+
+

+
+
1+ a + b 1+ b + c 1+ c + a 2 + a 2 + b 2 + c

Bulgaria, 1997
100. [Trn Nam Dng ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha 21ab + 2bc + 8ca 12 . Tm
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc

1 2 3
+ + .
a b c
Vietnam, 2001
101. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn
iu kin xy + yz + zx = 3 . Chng minh rng

a
b
c
( y + z)+
( z + x) +
( x + y) 3 .
b+c
c+a
a +b
102. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
2

(b + c a )
(c + a b)
(a + b c)
3
+
+

.
2
2
2
(b + c) + a 2 (c + a) + b 2 (a + b) + c 2 5
Japan, 1997
12

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

103. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an 0, an = min {a1 , a2 ,..., an } .
Chng minh rng
a + a2 + ... + an1
n
a1n + a2n + ... + ann na1a2 ...an (n 1) 1
an .

n 1

104. [ Turkervici ] Cho x, y , z , t l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

x 4 + y 4 + z 4 + t 4 + 2 xyzt x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2t 2 + x 2 z 2 + y 2t 2 .

Kvant
105. Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
n
n 2
ij
a
aa .

i
i=1 i , j=1 i + j 1 i j

106. Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an , b1 , b2 ,..., bn (1001, 2002) sao cho a12 + a22 + ... + an2 = b12 + b22 + ... + bn2 .
Chng minh rng

a 3 17
a13 a23
+ + ... + n (a12 + a22 + ... + an2 ) .
b1 b2
bn 10
TST Singapore
107. [ Titu Vreescu, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu
kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

(a 2 + b2 )(b2 + c 2 )(c 2 + a 2 ) 8(a 2b2 + b2c 2 + c 2 a 2 )

108. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abcd = 1 .

Chng minh rng

1
2

(1 + a )

1
2

(1 + b)

1
2

(1 + c)

1
2

(1 + d )

1.

Gazeta Matematic
109. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a2
b2
c2
a
b
c
+
+

+
+
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
b +c
c +a
a +b
b+c c +a a +b

Gazeta Matematic
110. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho n s thc a1 , a2 ,..., an . Chng minh rng
2

2
a
ai + ... + a j ) .
(

i* 1i jn
TST 2004, Romania
111. [Trn Nam Dng ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn [1,1] tha mn iu kin x13 + x23 + ... + xn3 = 0 .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc

x1 + x2 + ... + xn .
112. [ Gabriel Dospinescu, Clin Popa ] Cho n s thc a1 , a2 ,..., an , n 2 tha mn iu
kin a1a2 ...an = 1 . Chng minh rng
13

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

a12 + a22 + ... + an2 n

2n n
n 1 (a1 + a2 + ... + an n) .
n 1

113. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

2a
2b
2c
+
+
3.
a +b
b+c
c+a

Gazeta Matematic
114. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

( xy + yz + zx)

( x + y )

( y + z)

9
.
2
( z + x) 4
1

Iran, 1996
115. [ Cao Minh Quang ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
n

(3x +1) 2

i=1

Chng minh rng

1

6 x +1 3 .
i=1

116. [ Suranyi ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(n 1)(a1n + a2n + ... + ann ) + na1a2 ...an (a1 + a2 + ... + an )(a1n1 + a2n1 + ... + ann1 ) .
Miklos Schweitzer Competition
117. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0 tha mn iu kin x1 x2 ...xn = 1 . Chng
minh rng
n

(x x ) x
2

1i jn

2
i

n .

i =1

A generazation of Tukervicis Inequality

118. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an <
nh nht ca biu thc
n

i=1

1
v a1 + a2 + ... + an = 1, n > 2 . Tm gi tr
n 1

a1a2 ...an
.
1(n 1) ai

119. [ Vasile Cirtoaje ] Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an [0,1) tha mn iu kin

a=

a12 + a22 + ... + an2

3

.
n
3

Chng minh rng

a
a1
a
na
.
+ 2 2 + ... + n 2
2
1 a1 1 a2
1 an 1 a 2

120. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Mircea Lascu ] Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu

kin
14

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

(a + b + c)( x + y + z ) = (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 4 .
Chng minh rng
abcxyz <

1
.
36

121. [ Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin x1 x2 ...xn = 1 . Tm
hng s kn nh nht sao cho
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
n 1 .
1 + kn x1
1 + kn x2
1 + kn xn

Mathlinks Contest
122. [ Vasile Cirtoaje, Gabriel Dospinescu ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 tha mn iu kin
x12 + x22 + ... + xn2 = 1 . Tm hng s kn ln nht sao cho

(1 x1 )(1 x2 )...(1 xn ) kn x1 x2 ...xn .

123. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng

1
1
1
3
+ 3
+ 3
.
a (b + c ) b (c + a ) c (a + b) 2
3

IMO, 1995
124. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
ab
bc
ca
+ 5
+ 5
1.
5
5
a + b + ab b + c + bc c + a 5 + ca
5

IMO Shortlist, 1996

125. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng

1 + ab 2 1 + bc 2 1 + ca 2
18
.
+
+
3
3
3
3
c
a
b
a + b3 + c3
Hong Kong, 2000
126. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
1
2

1
2

1
2

(a +1) + b + 1 (b +1) + c + 1 (c +1) + a + 1

2

1
.
2

127. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng

a 1 + 1 b 1 + 1 c 1 + 1 1 .

b
c
a

IMO, 2000
128. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
a3
b3
c3
3
+
+
.
(1 + b)(1 + c) (1 + a)(1 + c) (1 + a )(1 + b) 4

IMO Shortlist, 1998

129. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
15

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

ab
bc
ca
1
+
+
.
1+ c 1+ a 1+ b 4

130. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 3abc 1 .

Poland, 1999
131. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 . Chng minh rng
a +b+c +

1
4 3.
abc

Macedonia, 1999
132. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
ab + c + bc + a + ca + b 1 + ab + bc + ca .

133. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

(1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) 8 (1 a )(1 b)(1 c) .

Russia, 1991
134. Cho a, b l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b = 1 . Chng minh rng

a2
b2
1
+
.
a +1 b +1 3
Hungary, 1996
135. Cho cc s thc x, y . Chng minh rng
2

3( x + y + 1) + 1 3 xy .

Columbia, 2001
136. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
3

1 1
a
b
2 (a + b) + 3 + 3 .
a b
b
a

Czech and Slovakia, 2000

137. Cho a, b, c 1 . Chng minh rng

a 1 + b 1 + c 1 c (ab + 1) .
Hong Kong, 1998
138. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x + y + z = xyz . Chng minh rng
1
1+ x

1
1+ y

3
.
2
1+ z
2

Korea, 1998
139. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
2

a + 8bc

b
2

b + 8ca

IMO, 2001
16

c
2

c + 8ab

1 .

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

140. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a
b
c
d
2
+
+
+
.
b + 2c + 3d c + 2d + 3a d + a + 3b a + 2b + 3c 3

IMO Shortlist, 1993

141. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin ab + bc + cd + da = 1 . Chng
minh rng
a3
b3
c3
d3
1
+
+
+
.
b+c +d c +d +a d +a +b a +b+c 3

IMO Shortlist, 1990

142. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a2
b2
c2
bc
ca
ab
+ 2
+ 2
1 2
+ 2
+ 2
.
2
a + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab
a + 2bc b + 2ca c + 2ab
Romania, 1997
143. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a 3 b3 c3
+ + a +b +c .
bc ca ab
Canada, 2002
144. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

1
1
1
1
+ 3
+ 3

.
3
3
3
a + b + abc b + c + abc c + a + abc abc
3

USA, 1997
145. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a2 + b2 + c2 = 3 . Chng minh rng
1
1
1
3
+
+
.
1 + ab 1 + bc 1 + ca 2

Belarus, 1999
146. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a b c a +b b + c
+ +
+
+1.
b c a b+c a +b

Belarus, 1998
3
147. Cho a, b, c , a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
4
a
b
c
9
+ 2
+ 2
.
a + 1 b + 1 c + 1 10
2

Poland, 1996
148. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin xyz = 1 . Chng minh rng
x9 + y 9
y9 + z9
z 9 + x9
+
+
2.
x6 + x3 y 3 + y 6 y 6 + y 3 z 3 + z 6 z 6 + z 3 z 3 + x 6

Roamania, 1997
149. Cho x y z > 0 . Chng minh rng
17

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

x2 y y2 z z 2 x
+
+
x2 + y2 + z 2 .
z
x
y
Vietnam, 1991
150. Cho a b c > 0 . Chng minh rng

a 2 b 2 c 2 b2 a 2 c 2
+
+
3a 4b + c .
c
a
b
Ukraine, 1992
151. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

xyz x + y + z + x 2 + y 2 + z 2

(x

+ y + z )( xy + yz + zx )
2

) 3+

Hong Kong, 1997

152. Cho a1 , a2 , ..., an > 0 v a1 + a2 + ... + an < 1 . Chng minh rng
a1a2 ...an (1 a1 a2 ... an )
1
n+1 .
(a1 + a2 + ... + an )(1 a1 )(1 a2 )...(1 an ) n

IMO Shortlist, 1998

153. Cho hai s thc a, b , a 0 . Chng minh rng
a 2 + b2 +

1 b
+ 3.
a2 a

Austria, 2000
154. Cho a1 , a2 , ..., an > 0 . Chng minh rng
a2
a2
a12 a22
+ + ... + n1 + n a1 + a2 + ... + an .
a2 a3
an
a1

China, 1984
155. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin xyz = 1 . Chng minh rng

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + x + y + z 2 ( xy + yz + zx) .
Russia, 2000
156. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin xyz xy + yz + zx . Chng minh
rng

xyz 3( x + y + z ) .
India, 2001
157. Cho x, y, z > 1 v

1 1 1
+ + = 2 . Chng minh rng
x y z
x + y + z x 1 + y 1 + z 1 .
IMO, 1992

158. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin ab +bc +ca =1. Chng minh rng
3

18

1
1
1
1
+ 6b + 3 + 6c + 3 + 6a
.
a
b
c
abc

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

IMO Shortlist, 2004

159. Cho x 2, y 2, z 2 . Chng minh rng

( x3 + y )( y 3 + z )( z 3 + x) 125 xyz .
Saint Petersburg, 1997
160. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin c 2 + d 2 = (a 2 + b 2 ) . Chng
3

minh rng

a 3 b3
+ 1.
c
d
Singapore, 2000
161. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
b
c
+
+
1.
b + 2c c + 2a a + 2b

Czech Slovak Match, 1999

162. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

ab
bc
ca
a
b
c
+
+

+
+
.
c (c + a) a (a + b) b (b + c) c + a b + a c + b
Moldova, 1999
163. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a +c b+d c +a d +b
+
+
+
4.
a+b b+c c +d d +a
Baltic way, 1995
164. Cho x, y, u , v l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
xy + xu + uy + uv
xy
uv
.

+
x + y +u +v
x+ y u +v

Poland, 1993
165. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

1 + a 1 + b 1 + c 2 1 + a + b + c .
3
b
c a

abc

APMO, 1998
166. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc khng m tha mn iu kin x + y + z =1. Chng minh rng
x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x

4
.
27

Canada, 1999
167. Cho a, b, c, d , e, f l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
a + b + c + d + e + f = 1, ace + bdf

1
.
108

Chng minh rng

19

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

abc + bcd + cde + def + efa + fab

1
.
36

Poland, 1998
168. Cho a, b, c [0,1] . Chng minh rng
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a 2b + b 2 c + c 2 a + 1 .

Italy, 1993
169. Cho a, b, c 0, a + b + c abc . Chng minh rng

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 abc .
Ireland, 1997
170. Cho a, b, c 0, a + b + c abc . Chng minh rng

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 3abc .
BMO, 2001
171. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x + y + z = xyz . Chng minh rng

xy + yz + zx 9 ( x + y + z ) .
Belarus, 1996
172. Cho x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x1 x2 x3 x4 = 1 . Chng minh
rng

1
1
1
1
x13 + x23 + x33 + x43 max
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 , + + +
.

x1 x2 x3 x4

Iran, 1997
173. Cho a, b, c, x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
3

a 3 b3 c 3 (a + b + c )
+ +
.
x
y
z 3( x + y + z )
Belarus TST, 2000
174. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
=1.
4
4
4
1+ a
1+ b
1+ c
1+ d 4

Chng minh rng

abcd 3 .

Latvia, 2002
175. Cho x, y, z > 1 . Chng minh rng

xx

2 +2 yz

yy

2 + 2 zx

zz

2 +2 xy

xy + yz + zx

( xyz )

Proposed for 1999 USAMO

176. Cho c b a 0 . Chng minh rng

(a + 3b)(b + 4c)(c + 2a) 60abc .

Turkey, 1999
20

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

177. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2 ( xy + yz ) .
Macedonia, 2000
178. Cho cc s thc a, b, c tha mn iu kin a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 . Chng minh rng

a2
b2
c2
3
+
+
.
1 + 2bc 1 + 2ca 1 + 2ab 5
Bosnia and Hercegovina, 2002
179. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc 1 . Chng minh rng
1
1
1
+ 4
+ 4
1.
4
4
4
a+b +c
a +b+c
a + b4 + c

Korea, 1999
180. Cho a > b > c > 0, x > y > z > 0 . Chng minh rng
a 2 x2
b2 y 2
c2 z 2
3
+
+
.
(by + cz )(bz + cy ) (cz + ax)(cx + az ) (ax + by )(ay + bx) 4

Korea, 2000
181. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 3 . Chng minh
rng
a
b
c
3
+
+
.
b2 +1 c 2 +1 a 2 + 1 2

Mediterranean, 2003
182. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
b
c
+
+
1.
2a + b 2b + c 2c + a

Moldova, 2002
183. Cho , , x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1 . Chng minh rng
xn3
x13
x23
1
.
+
+ ... +

x1 + x2 x2 + x3
xn + x1 n ( + )

Moldova TST, 2002

184. Cho a l mt s thc dng, x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, x1 + x2 + ... + xn = 1 . Chng minh rng

a x1x2
a x2 x3
a xn x1
n2
+
+ ... +
.
2
x1 + x2 x2 + x3
xn + x1
Serbia, 1998
185. Cho x, y [ 0,1] . Chng minh rng

1
1+ x

1
1+ y

2
.
1 + xy

Russia, 2000

21

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

1 1 1
186. Cho x, y , z > 0, xyz = 1, + + > x + y + z, k N * . Chng minh rng
x y z
1
1
1
+ k + k > xk + y k + z k .
k
x
y
z
Russia, 1999
187. Cho xn xn1 xn2 ... x1 > 0, n 3 . Chng minh rng

xn x1 x1 x2
x x
+
+ ... + n1 n x1 + x2 + ... + xn .
x2
x3
x1
Saint Petersburg, 2000
188. Cho x1 ,..., x6 [ 0,1] . Chng minh rng
x63
3
x13
x23
+
+
+
.
...
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
x2 + x3 + ... + x6 + 5 x3 + x4 + ... + x1 + 5
x1 + x2 + ... + x5 + 5 5

Ukraine, 1999
189. Cho a1 , a2 ,..., an > 0 . Chng minh rng

(a13 +1)(a23 +1)...(an3 +1) (a12 a2 +1)(a22 a3 +1)...(an2a1 +1) .

Czech Slovak Polish Match 2001
190. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng
a. 3 1 + b c + b. 3 1 + c a + c. 3 1 + a b 1 .

Japan, 2005
191. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a b c 2

+ + (a + b + c ) 1 + 1 + 1 .
b c a
a b c

Iran, 2005
192. Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
1
1
1
1
a+b+c +d
+ 3+ 3+ 3
.
3
a
b
c
d
abcd

Austria, 2005
193. Cho a, b, c [0,1] . Chng minh rng
a
b
c
+
+
2.
bc + 1 ca + 1 ab + 1

Poland, 2005
194. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

a b +b c +c a

1
.
3

Bosnia and Hercegovina, 2005

195. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

22

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

b c a 1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
.
2 + +
+
+
a b c 1 a 1 b 1 c
Germany, 2005
196. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
2

4 ( a b)
a2 b2 c 2
.
+ + a +b+c +
b
c
a
a +b+c

Balkan, 2005
197. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 8 . Chng minh rng
a2

(a

+ 1)(b +1)
3

b2

(b

+ 1)(c + 1)
3

c2

4
.
(c +1)(a +1) 3
3

APMO, 2005
198. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng
a
b
c
+ 2
+ 2
1 .
a +2 b +2 c +2
2

Baltic way, 2005

199. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin xyz 1 . Chng minh rng
x5 x 2
y5 y 2
z5 z 2
+
+
0.
x5 + y 2 + z 2 y 5 + z 2 + x 2 z 5 + x 2 + y 3

IMO, 2005
200. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
2

a + b + 3 b 2 + a + 3 2a + 1 2b + 1

4
4
2
2

Belarusian, 2005
201. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin

1 1 1
+ + = 1 . Chng minh rng
a b c

(a 1)(b 1)(c 1) 8
Croatia, 2005
202. Cho x l s thc dng. Chng minh rng

(2 x)

.
n1
(1 + x)
n

1+ x

n +1

Russia, 2005
203. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc 1 . Chng minh rng

1
1
1
+
+
1.
1+ a + b 1+ b + c 1+ c + a
Romania, 2005
204. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 . Chng minh rng

23

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

(a +1)(b +1) (b +1)(c +1)

3
.
(c +1)(a + 1) 4
a

Czech and Slovak, 2005

1
205. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha mn iu kin ab + bc + ca = . Chng minh
3
rng
1
1
1
+ 2
+ 2
3.
a bc + 1 b ca + 1 c ab + 1
2

China, 2005
206. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh rng

ab (1 c ) + bc (1 a ) + ca (1 b)

2
.
3

Republic of Srpska, 2005

207. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng
a
b
c
3
+
+

(a + b + c) .
2
b+c
c+a
a +b

Serbia and Montenegro, 2005

208. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = 3 . Chng minh
rng
1
1
1
+
+
1 .
4 ab 4 bc 4 ca

Moldova, 2005
209. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin ab +bc +ca =1. Chng minh rng
3. 3

3
1
3
+ 6 (a + b + c)
.
abc
abc

Slovenia TST, 2005

210. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a, b, c 1 . Chng minh rng
1

(2 + abc) + + 9 .
a b c
211. [ Hunh Tn Chu ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin

xy xy + yz yz + zx zx = 1 .
Chng minh rng
x6
y6
z6
1
+
+
.
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
x +y
y +z
z +x
212. [ ng Thanh Hi ] Cho x l mt s thc bt k. Chng minh rng
sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x <

3 3
.
2

213. [ Ng Vn Thi ] Cho x1 , x2 ,..., xn > 0, n > 2 . Chng minh rng

24

500 Bi Ton Bt ng Thc Chn Lc

Cao Minh Quang

x12 + x2 x3
x22 + x3 x4
xn21 + xn x1
xn2 + x1 x2
+
+ ... +
+
n.
x1 ( x2 + x3 ) x2 ( x3 + x4 )
xn1 ( xn + x1 ) xn ( x1 + x2 )

214. [ Nguyn Duy Lin ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin a, b, c [1, 2] .
Chng minh rng
1
a

1
b

1
c

(a + b + c) + + 10 .
215. [ L Thanh Hi ] Cho a, b, c d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

a2 b2 c 2 d 2 a + b + c + d
.
+ + +

4
b2 c2 d 2 a2
abcd
216. Cho x [0, 2] . Chng minh rng

4 x x3 + x + x3 3 4 3 .
217. Cho x l mt s thc bt k. Chng minh rng

2 sin x + 15 10 2 cos x 6 .
218. [ Trn Vn Hnh ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x2 + y2 + z2 =1,
n 1 . Chng minh rng

(2n + 1) 2 n 2n +1
x
y
z
+
+

.
1 x 2 n 1 y 2 n 1 z 2 n
2n
219. [ Kiu Phng Chi ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin abc = 1 .
Chng minh rng
1
1
1
1
+ 2
+ 2
.
2
2
2
a + 2b + 3 b + 2c + 3 c + 2a + 3 2
2

220. [ V c Cnh ] Cho x, y l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin x 2 + y 2 = 1 . Chng

minh rng

(1 + x)1 +

1
1
1 + y )1 + 4 + 3 2 .
+
(

y
x

221. [ Ng Vn Thi ] Cho a, b, c (0,1] . Chng minh rng

1
1
+ (1 a )(1 b)(1 c) .
a +b +c 3
222. [ Nguyn Vn Thng ] Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin

3x
4y
2z
+
+
= 2.
x +1 y +1 z + 1
Chng minh rng
x3 y 4 z 2

1
.
89

223. [ Nguyn B Nam ] Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng

3 b + c c + a a + b
+
+
.
a
b
c

(a3 + b3 + c3 ) a3 + b3 + c3 2

25