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Electricity 2.1 Analysing Electric Fields and Charge Flow: Example
Electricity 2.1 Analysing Electric Fields and Charge Flow: Example
ELECTRICITY
2.1 Analysing electric fields and charge flow
1.
Electric charge can be produced by rubbing an object (e.g. polytena rod) with soft
fabric.
2.
3.
Q=1C
Symbol for the quantity
of electric charge
4.
5.
The relationship between the total of electric charge and the amount of electric
charge.
Q = ne
The total of
electric charge
6.
The amount of
electric charge
Example:
What is the amount of the electron needed to carry charge of 1 C ?
Formulae:
Q = ne
Given: Q = 1 C
Find: n = ?
e = +1.6 x 10-19 C
Solution:
Q = ne
.. n = Q
e
=
1
1.6 x 10-19
= 6.25 x 1018 electrons
7.
8.
Q = It
C = As
Example:
If the current which flows through a bulb within a minute is 1.5 A. Calculate the electric
charge that has flowed within a minute.
Formulae: Q = It
Given: I = 1.5 A
Find: Q = ?
t = 1 minute
= 60 s
Solution:
9.
t
Unit:
A = Cs-1
Q = It
= (1.5)(60)
= 90.0 C
The relationship between the current flow and the electric charges.
Water
tap
Van de
Graaff
generator
galvanometer
The above set up designed to show that the electric charges which flow through a
conductor produce electric current.
10.
An electric field is an area which if entered by a charged object, it will experience the
electric force which is produced by a quantity of charge.
11.
The paths of electric field of a positive charge can be represented by the electric force
lines or electric field lines.
12.
13.
The pattern of electric field lines depends on the pattern of charged object.
X = neutral point
(e) a positive spherical & a negative (f) two plats of different charges
plat
14.
F2
The ping-pong
motionless
ball
Explanation
Attraction force on
the ping-pong ball
from positive plat is
at the magnitude
with the attraction
force from negative
plat, i.e. F1 = F2.
The ping-pong ball is
neutral
remains
---
(i)
++
++
(ii)
The ping-pong ball oscillates back
and forth between the two plats
until the Very High Voltage source
is disconnected
ball
touches
the
positive plat, all of its
negative charges will
be neutralized.
Further, the ball will
be positively charged
This
positively
charged ball will be
pushed
by
the
positive plat and will
be attracted by the
negative plat
The ball later will
touch the negative
plat,
and
the
processes will be
repeated.
Explanation
The heat energy
produces
positive
and
negative
ions
+
around the candle
+
flame
+
Positive ions which
are heavier will bring
more flame attracted
towards the negative
plat. This happens
The flame is not symmetrically
because the positive
distributed
ions move rather
slow
The flame is deflected more
Negative
ions
towards the negative plat
(electron) which are
lighter will occupy
smaller flame area
Assessments
Objective Questions
1. If a charge of 300 C flows through a bulb every 2 minutes. Calculate the current which
flows through that bulb.
A 2.0 A
B 2.5 A
C 150 A
D 600 A
2. There are 5 x 1018 electrons flow through a bulb within 20 seconds. What is the value
of current flow ? ( Given e= 1.6 x 10-19 C )
A 40 mA
B 0.8 A
C 16 A
D 80 A
Answer:
1B
2A
Structure Questions
A. 1
(b)
Electric field:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Sketch the electric field lines showing the direction of the field.
(e) a positive spherical & a negative (f) two plats of different charges
plat
B. 1 Explain the effect of the electric field upon the charges in the following cases:
(i) A ping-pong ball coated with conducting material
(ii) A candle flame