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Ni dung bo co
Bnh Di
Bnh Bi Lit
A. Bnh Di
I. S lc v bnh Di
Trn th gii mi nm c tnh s b c 55.000 ngi cht v
bnh di. Bn cnh mi nm c khong 10 triu ngi
phi tim vc-xin phng di sau khi tip xc vi ng vt
nghi ng.
I. S lc v bnh Di
Bnh di l bnh do virus di (rabies virus)
gy nn. y l mt bnh truyn nhim
virus cp tnh ca h thn kinh trung ng
dn n t vong chc chn.
L. Pasteur tm ra c vacxin phng bnh
Di vo nm 1885
Louis Pasteur
I. S lc v bnh Di
Cc ngun truyn bnh di hay gp:
+ Di ng ph: do ch th rng
+ Di hoang d: do co (chu u), gu
mo (M), chn (Nam Phi), gu
(Rumani).
+ Di ca di: do di ht mu (TrungNam M), di n qu v cn trng (trn
khp th gii).
II/ Cu to Virus di
H Rhabdoviridae gm hn 200 loi virus phn b rng
ri trong thin nhin, nhim cho ng vt c xng sng
v ng vt khng xng sng v thc vt.
virus di thuc chi Lyssavirus
Da vo tnh cht sinh hc, virus
di c chia thnh 2 loi:
o Virus di hoang di
o Virus di c nh
II/ Cu to Virus Di
Virus di hoang di: l
cc dng virus mi c
phn lp trc tip t con
vt b nhim.
Cc dng virus ny cho
thi k bnh di v thay
i (21-60 ngy loi
ch), kh nng gy bnh
cao.
II/ Cu to Virus Di
Virus Rhabdo c hnh vin n,
kch thc 75 x 180nm.
Bao gm 2 thnh phn chnh l li
virus (virus core) c cu trc
ribonucleoprotein xon (RNP) , v
lp v bao (virus envelop).
Ribonuceoprotein: bao gm
RNA mang b gene virus v phn
nucleoprotein (N protein) c tc
dng gi RNA.
II/ Cu to Virus Di
B gene ca virus di (12kilobase) vi on trnh
"trng" ti u 3', tip theo l cc gene m ha
protein N, P, M, G v L vi kch thc tng ng.
II/ Cu toVirus Di
Matrix protein (M protein) bao ngoi phn li, lin kt vi
RNP v lp v ngoi virus c tc dng trong qu trnh lp
rp to cc virion
Lp v:
Hai loi phosphoprotein (P protein) v polymerase (L
protein)
Glycoprotein (G protein) to thnh khong 400 "gai" c kch
thc khong 10 nm trn b mt virus.
c im ca Virus Di
Virus di km bn vng , nhy cm vi cc yu t ngoi cnh:
b tiu dit nhanh chng bi tia cc tm hoc nh sng mt
tri, x phng c 20%,bi cc dung mi lipid, bi trypsin,
cht ty, cht oxy ha v pH qu cao hoc qu thp.
Tuy vy, nhit phng: virus c
th sng c t 1 - 2 tun. V vy,
vt dnh nc bt ch di, ngi
b di c coi l nguy him.
IV. C ch gy
bnh
o Gai glycoprotein tip xc vi
th th trn b mt t bo .
Sau virus xm nhp vo
trong t bo bng hnh thc
thc bo.
IV. C ch gy
obnh
Lp mng bao virus hp vi lp
mng ca cc bo quan dn n
qu trnh gii phng li virus trong
nguyn sinh cht ca t bo.
IV.C ch gy
bnh
o Sau khi c gii phng :
RNA(-)
mRNA
Cc loi
protein
RNA(+)
RNA(-)
IV.C ch gy
bnh
Sau khi xm nhp vo
c th ngi, virus nhn
ln ti ch, t bit
trong c. Sau 1 thi
gian virus bt u pht
tn . (khong vi gi
n vi tun)
IV.C ch gy
bnh
Ti h thn kinh trung ng, virus gy ra hin tng t
bo cht theo chng trnh (apoptosis), t dn n
cc biu hin lm sng.
Ngoi m thn kinh, virus con nhn ln trong biu
m ca tuyn nc bt, gic m, da, dch tit nc
bt c li
IV.C ch gy
bnh
Cc yu t c th nh hng n s pht
trin ly nhim bnh di bao gm:
Loi hnh tip xc
Mc nghim trng ca vt cn
S lng vi rt di xm nhp vo
Loi ng vt cn
Tnh trng min dch ca bnh nhn
V. Biu
hin
Triu chng trn ch
Thi gian bnh c th ko di t mt vi ngy n vi
thng, trong khi thi gian pht bnh - cho n khi cht dao
ng t 1 n 7 ngy.
Th in
Sau thi gian bnh ch ln cn in d
di: mt ngu, chy di nh bt x
bng quanh mp, khng cn cm gic,
lao vo mi ngi k c ch n v cc
con vt khc cn x.
y l th thng gp nht. c im ca th ny l co
tht:
cng, co tht, co git, run cc c k c c mt.
S nc
S nh sng
Nhng cn co tht u tin cn xa
nhau, cng ngy cng dy hn v
ngi bnh thng t vong sau 3-4
ngy.
Tnh trng vt cn
Lc cn
Tnh trng sc vt
Trong vng 10 ngy
X tr
Trong vng 10 ngy
Da lnh
Khng x tr
Da b xc
Bnh thng
Cn nh
- C triu chng di
- Mt tch khng theo di
c ch
- Vt cn gn no
- Vt cn su
- C nhiu vt cn
Bnh thng
- Vt cn ni c nhiu dy - Di
thn kinh (u, chi, b phn - Mt tch
sinh dc)
- bn
Loi ng vt
nh gi ng vt
iu tr ngi tip xc
n bc s chuyn khoa
Cc loi ng vt khc: Vt
nui, loi gm nhm,th v th Cn nhc tng trng hp.
rng
VI.Phng bnh
o Hn ch nui ch v ch th rng. Ch ra ng phi c
r mm. Tim phng vc-xin cho ch mo nui.
o Khi c dch bnh di xy ra cn tiu dit
n ch ang nui, nghim cm bn
chy ch t vng c dch bnh sang
vng khc
VI.Phng bnh
C ch phng bnh di bng
Khng th th ng c tc dng trung ha bt virus, lm
vacxin:
gim nng virus v tin ti tiu dit ht virus. Sau khi
tim vacxin th khng th s xut hin sau 10 ngy.
Nm 1954, Fuenzalida a ra
phng php sn xut vacxin di no
chut .
Nm 1963, cc nh sn xut
nghin cu a ra phng php
sn xut vacxin di trn t bo l
vacxin Verorab..
VI.Phng bnh
phng bnh bng khng th
Mc ch tim huyt thanh khng di ni vt thng l
nhm trung ha lng siu vi trng ti ch cn li sau
khi ra vt thng, trong thi gian ch i vc-xin to
c khng th cho bnh nhn.
Globulin min dch khng di ca ngi: Globulin ny
t gy phn ng ph hn huyt thanh nga khng di.
Huyt thanh nga khng di: L huyt thanh c c
c t nga c p ng min dch tt vi virus di.
VII.iu tr c hiu
Khng c phng php iu tr c bit no mt khi
pht bnh. Hu nh khng th lm c g ngoi vic
gi cho bnh nhn cm thy thoi mi, gim au n v
lo lng bn chn.
Ung thuc an thn diazepam 10 mg 4-6 gi mt ln, b
sung thm chlorpromazine 50-100 mg, hoc tim
morphine vo tnh mch nu cn thit s gip kim sot
c cc cn co tht c v hin tng d b kch thch.
Cn phi truyn dch tnh mch v bnh
nhn thng khng n c qua ng
ming.
1. Khi nim
Vim no Nht Bn l bnh
truyn nhim cp tnh ly
truyn theo ng mu do
virut vim no Nht Bn gy
ra. Virut ly truyn qua
ngi nh trung gian truyn
bnh l mui. Bnh c th
xy ra ri rc hoc c khi
pht trin thnh dch.
I. Khi nim
Vit Nam, bnh vim no Nht Bn c ghi nhn
u tin vo nm 1952.
Nm 1959 dch Vim no ma h c xc nh l do
virus vim no Nht Bn bng chn on huyt thanh
hc ti Vin V sinh Dch t H Ni.
Nm 1964, ln u tin vi rt vim no Nht Bn c
phn lp ti Vin V sinh Dch t H Ni, c k hiu
HN-60.
Hng nm c khong t 2000 n 3000 ngi mc bnh,
nh cao ca bnh l thng 6 v thng 7
II. Cu to
Virut VNNB nm trong nhm
cc virut gy bnh do cn
trng truyn, cn gi l virut
Arbo
Virut c dng hnh cu, ng
knh trung bnh 40-50nm, li
c cu to bi ARN si n
l vt liu di truyn ca virut
II. Cu to
Ht virut c v bao bc bn ngoi
vi bn cht l glycoprotein.
l khng nguyn b mt c tnh
kt dnh hng cu nn gi l
khng nguyn ngng kt hng
cu, khng nguyn ny c hot
tnh kch thch sinh khng th
trung ha ht virut
www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn
C. Bnh Bi Lit
Bi lit l mt bnh do vi rt gy ra. Vi rt i vo
c th qua ng ming. Virut bi lit gy ra lit
(khng th di chuyn cnh tay hoc chn) v c
th gy ra bnh vim mng no.
N c th git cht nhng ngi nhim bnh,
thng l bng cch lm lit cc c ca ngi
bnh. Bi lit tng rt ph bin ti Hoa K.
N gy ra lit v git cht hng nghn ngi mi
nm trc khi chng ta c vcxin
I. S lc v bnh Bi Lit
Bnh c Jakob van Heine m t u tin vo nm
1840, sau c Karl Oskar Medin nghin cu nm
1890
Virut bi lit (poliovirus) do Landsteiner v Popper tm
ra nm 1909.
Cui thp nin 1940 v u thp nin 1950, nhm
nghin cu ca bc s John Enders Bnh vin tr em
Boston - M nui cy thnh cng virut Bi lit trn
m ngi, khi u cho vic ch to vacxin Bi lit v
Jonas Salk ch to vacxin thnh cng nm 1955 lm
gim ng k t l mc bnh. n 1960 c thm vacxin
Sabin (do Albert Sabin).
II. Cu to
Virus bi lit c ng knh khong 27-30nm. Li
cha 1 si ARN, capsid c cu to bi 32
capsommer i xng hnh khi 20 mt. ARN c
trng lng phn t l 2,5 x 106 dalton
II. Cu to
Virus bi lit c 3 typ khng nguyn khc nhau
v khng gy min dch cho:
Typ I: in hnh l chng Brunhilde
Typ II: in hnh l chng Lansing
Typ III: in hnh l chng Leon
Trong typ I ch yu gy bnh cho ngi
th in hnh, typ II gy bnh th n v typ III t
gy bnh hn.
c im
Virus c tnh chu ng cao vi ngoi cnh:
-Trong phn ngi chng sng c vi ngy n vi tun,
trong nc c th ti 14 ngy
-D b tiu dit bng cc thuc kh trng thng
thng nh: Chloramin B, H2O3, thuc tm v tia cc tm
-Vi rt bi lit chu ng kh hanh, b tiu dit nhit
560C sau 30 pht.
-Liu clo thng dng dit khun nc khng tiu dit
c vi rt bi lit.
IV. C ch ly truyn
Qu trnh din bin qua 3 giai on:
Giai on xm nhp v tng sinh ng tiu
- Giai on ni tng: T nim mc ng tiu
ho:
- Giai
Virut
on
voxm
c th
nhp
qua
v hu,
tng hng
sinh
trong
thn24
kinh
gi
ho, virut vo mu (ln 1) sau n cc ni
trung
u ng:
nvirut
cc t
hch
ccbch
ni tng
huytvo
quanh
muhng,
(ln 2)
tng (tim, gan, tu, thng thn, h hp...). Ti
v
vo
vo
nim
h mc
thn tiu
kinhtrng
trungv
ng,
tngch
sinhyu
l (c
cc
y chng tip tc tng sinh v gy ra cc biu
thneuron
phn lp
vnc
ngvirut
sng
nhy
trc
hng
tu v
sng.
phn
hin lm sng ca thi k tin lit.
trong giai on ny).
II. C ch ly truyn
Thi k bnh:
Dn dp nh ca
Thank You!
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www.trungtamtinhoc.edu.vn