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Lecture 6: Parallel Resonance and Quality Factor. Transmit Filter
Lecture 6: Parallel Resonance and Quality Factor. Transmit Filter
Lecture 6
Page 1 of 10
Parallel Resonance
However, if the load resistance in the circuit is relatively
large, it becomes more difficult to achieve the high reactances at
resonance necessary for a high-Q series RLC circuit.
If this is the case and it often is in the NorCal 40A then a
designer needs to use a parallel resonant RLC circuit (Fig. 3.7):
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 2 of 10
+
L
V
-
resistance
reactance
R
= 0CR
(3.109)
0 L
For a high-Q parallel resonant circuit, we need a small reactance
of L or C (at resonance) compared to the resistance. Sometimes
this is easier to do when R is large in a parallel RLC circuit than
with a high reactance in a series RLC circuit.
However,
Qp =
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 3 of 10
Examples:
7.00E+06 = resonant frequency
15 = Qp = Qs = Q
Series RLC
R ()
50
500
1500
3000
Ls=RQ/0
1.71E-05
1.71E-04
5.12E-04
1.02E-03
Cs=1/(0RQ)
3.03E-11
3.03E-12
1.01E-12
5.05E-13
Parallel RLC
Lp=R/(0Q)
7.58E-08
7.58E-07
2.27E-06
4.55E-06
Check:
Ls=RQ/0
1.14E-04
1.14E-03
3.41E-03
6.82E-03
Cs=1/(0RQ)
4.55E-12
4.55E-13
1.52E-13
7.58E-14
Parallel RLC
Lp=R/(0Q)
1.14E-08
1.14E-07
3.41E-07
6.82E-07
Check:
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 4 of 10
f0
f
which is the same expression as for Qs.
Qp =
(3.110)
Transmit Filter
The Transmit Filter is a modified parallel RLC circuit (see
inside front cover). The Transmit Filter is mainly used to filter
all harmonics other than 7 MHz coming from the Transmit
Mixer (see Fig. 1.13):
C37
5pF
+
Vin
-
+
C38
100pF
C39
50pF
L6
3.1H
Vout
-
This is not a true parallel RLC circuit in the sense of Fig. 3.7a.
It is important to analyze this circuit for use in Prob. 9. First,
well combine C38 and C39 and include losses from L6:
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 5 of 10
Cc
+
+
R
Norton
Equivalent
C'=
C38+C39
Vin
Vout
L6
-
C
V
Th
c in
1
jCc
( jCc )
Using this in the previous circuit:
+
R
Iin=
jCcVin
Cc
C'
Vout
L
-
Vout
L
-
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 6 of 10
circuit (and the RC||L) are listed at the end of this lecture (from
Krauss, et al. Solid State Radio Engineering).
Here are those characteristics of the RL||C circuit important to
us right now:
Quantity
Approximate
Expression (Qt>10)
Exact Expression
1/ 2
0
Qt
Rt
1
R2
=
2
LC
L
L
= 0 = 0CRt
R
L
Q
=
= t = R ( Qt2 + 1)
CR 0C
1
LC
1
0CR
Qt2 R = 0 LQt
Rt
Vout
-
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 7 of 10
L6
(
)
(
)
9 Rt Qt2 R 0 R = 0
= 0
R
RL 6
R
L6
(
) = 2 7 3.1 2 = 18.6 k
Rt 0
(
)
RL 6
Whoa! Thats big. The Q of this RL||C Transmit Filter should
then be
Rt
Qt
= 18,600 136 .
R
Thats a respectable Q for a discrete-element RLC circuit. Your
measured value will probably be less than this (more losses).
Summary
The Transmit Filter shown on p. 4 of this lecture can be modeled
by an effective parallel RLC circuit shown on the previous page.
It is emphasized that Rt is not an actual resistor, but rather an
effective resistance due to losses in L6 and other effects
mentioned in Prob. 9. You can use the analysis shown here to
help with your solution and measurements in Prob. 9.
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 8 of 10
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 9 of 10
Whites, EE 322
Lecture 6
Page 10 of 10
(From H. L. Krauss, C. W. Bostian and F. H. Raab, Solid State Radio Engineering. New York:
John Wiley & Sons, 1980.)