CC KHT NIM C BN CA PS CS4

Photoshop ch yu lm vic vi hnh nh dng li im (raster). Do , khi dng

Photoshop m cc hnh nh dng vector th Photoshop phi li im ha chng (rasterizer).
I. Hnh nh vector v raster
Hnh nh ha trn my tnh chia lm hai loi: vector v raster.
Hinh nh V ector

Hinh nh R aster

c m t bng ng cong hnh

hc.

1 e m t bang li diro (raster).

Mol diem nh c gol l 1 pixel (picture
element) v c gi tri mau (color value)
ring cua n.

2 khnsthy i cht lng khi

phng to. thu nh.

2. cht lng b| gim khi phnff to hoc

th nh nh

3 file dng vector cp dung ung nh

3. file dng raster c duna lcmo n hoc

rt ln.

fillusvcaions).

iphoiographs) hoc tranh v (pag>.

5 file dng vector thng c u

(extension) nh:

5 file dng raster thng c u t

(extenswn) nh:

CDR (CorelDRAW)
.AI (Adobe Illustrator)
FH(FreeH and)
EPS (Encapsulated PostScnpf)

. PSD (Photoshop)
TIF (Tag Imaoe File)
JPG (Joint Photoaraphic Experts
Group)

II. phn gi nh (image resolution)

phn gii nh l s im nh (pixel) c trn 1 n v chiu di ca hnh nh .
phn gii nh c tnh bng n v ppi (pixels per inch) hoc dpi (dots per inch).
V d: mt hnh nh c kch thc 1 inch X 1 inch v c phn gii 72 ppi s cha tng cng

72 X 72 = 5.184 pixels. Hnh nh c kch thc tng t nhng vi phn gii 300 ppi s cha
tng cng 300 X 300 = 90.000 pixels.

Hnh bn tri c phn gii 72 ppi, hnh bn phi 300 ppi

Hnh nh c phn gii cng cao th cng sc nt v mu sc cng chnh xc. V khi , dung
lng file cng s tng theo, i hi nhiu b nh v a cng hn.
1. Hnh nh s dng cho thit k web ch cn c phn gii 72 pp.
2. Trng hp hnh nh dng cho thit k ha in n th bn cn nh hai quy tc sau:
Nu l nh nt (line art) hoc n sc (monochrome) th nh nn c phn gii l 1,200 ppi.
Neu l nh chp mu (color photograph) hoc nh chp en trng (black and white photograph)
th nh nn c phn gii 300 ppi.
3. ra nh k thut s th hnh nh cn c phn gii 300 ppi.
4. Nu in nh hi-flex vi kch thc ln ( qung co ngoi tri chng hn) th hnh nh cn c
phn gii khong 72 ppi n 100 ppi.

m. Quan h gia kch thc nh v phn gii nh

Hin nay, vic s dng my nh s (digital camera) tr nn rt thng dng, Tuy nhin, hnh
nh nhn c t my nh s thng c phn gii 72 pp. Bn nn dng chc nng Image >
Image Size ca Photoshop chnh li kch thc nh v phn gii nh cho ph hp vi mc
ch ring ca bn.
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Document S n :
VVdth: 19.37

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Hght: 14.49

Resolution: SE3

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S c * Styles
Comtwt Proportons
f ^csjnx>te Imigo:
1 B cutx (b e* for vnoo h M*nt5

W dth: 30

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22.45

cm

tosofction: 300

iwels/iKh

Cl Sato Styte
Constraii Proportion*

r 'Yesampte Irree:
8<ubic Smoother (best for enlargement)

A. Kch thc v phn gii ca nh gc.

B. Khng chn Resample (ngha l s lng im nh khng thay i); tng phn gii ln n
ln th kch thc nh s gim xung n ln v ngc li.
c . C chn Resample (ngha l s lng im nh c thay i); Photoshop phi t suy ra thm
mt s im mi hoc phi t loi b mt s im c. Hai qu trnh ny gi l ni suy
(interpolation). Khi hnh nh c th s b mt nt (out-of-focus). e lm cho hnh nh sc nt
tr li, ta dng Filter > Sharpen > Unsharp Mask... C 3 phng php ni suy: bicubic,
bilinear v nearest neighbor. Phng php bicubic thng cho kt qu tt nht.
* phn gii mn hnh
phn gii mc nhin ca mn hnh (monitor resolution) my Macintosh l 72 dpi, ca mn
hnh PC l 96 dpi.

Khi bn chn View > Actual Pixels (Ctrl + 1), Photoshop s hin th hnh nh ch 100%.
v l ch trung thc nht ca hnh nh. Khi mi pixel ca hnh nh s c hin th bng
mt pixel ca mn hnh.

H'mh nh c phn gii 300 dpi,

hin th ch 100%

Khc vi nhng phn mm ha khc, ch hin th 100% khng th hin kch thc tht
ca hnh nh. e hnh dung kch thc ca nh khi in ra my in, bn cn chn View > Print
Size.
V. Cc ch hnh nh (image modes)
1. Bitmap
L hnh nh m mi im nh c lun tr bng 1 bit. Nh vy mi im nh ca hnh nh
bitmap ch c th l im en hoc im trng. Do , hnh nh dng bitmap chi c 2 sc xm
(2 gray levels).

Hnh nh bitmap thng c gi l nh nt.

Mt hnh nh kh A4 (8.26 inch X 11.69 inch) vi phn gii nh 300 ppi, nu c lu tr
di ch bitmap s c dung lng file l:
8.26 X 300

11.69 X 300 X

lb it

= 8.690.346 b i t = 1.086.293 bytes = 1.03 MB

Hnh nh bitmap
2. Grayscale
L hnh nh m mi im nh c lu tr bng 8 bit. Nh vy mi im nh ca hnh nh
grayscale c th nhn mt gi tr t 0 n 255. Do , hnh nh dng grayscale c 256 sc
xm (tc 28).
Nhng nh en trng (black and white photograph) m chng ta thng thy trn bo ch c ch
hnh nh l grayscale.
Mt hnh nh kh A4 vi phn gii nh 300 ppi, nu c lu tr di ch grayscale s
c dung lng file l:
1.03

MB

8 = 8.24 MB

Hnh nh grayscale
3. RGB Color
L hnh nh m mi im nh c lu tr bng 24 bits: 8 bits cho mu (Red), 8 bits cho
mu lc (Green), 8 bits cho mu lam (Blue). Nh vy mi im nh ca hnh nh RGB c th
nhn mt gi tr t 0 n 16.777.216. Do , hnh nh dng RGB c th c n 16,7 triu mu
(tc 224).
Nhng nh chp mu (color photograph) t my nh k thut s c ch hnh nh l RGB.
Mt hnh nh kh A4 vi phn gii nh 300 ppi, nu c lu tr di ch RGB s c
dung lng file l:
1.03 MB

24 = 24.72 MB

Nu chn Windows > Channels hin th Channels panel, bn s thy hnh nh RGB c 3
knh mu R, G, B:

Hnh nh RGB c 3 knh mu R, G, B

Hnh nh RGB thng c s dng khi thit k trang web, ra nh k thut s, trnh chiu, x
l video...
4. CMYK Color
s dng trong I n cng nghip, hnh nh mu cn c chuyn sang ch CMYK {Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow, Black) bng cch chn Image > Mode > CMYK color.
Mi im nh ca hnh nh dng CMYK c lu tr bng 32 bits: 8 bits cho mu lam lc
(Cyan), 8 bits cho mu cnh sen (Magenta), 8 bits cho mu vng (Yellow) v 8 bits cho mu
en (Black).
Mt hnh nh kh A4 vi phn gii nh 300 ppi, nu c lu tr di ch CMYK s c
dung lng file l:
1.03

MB

32 = 32.96 MB

Hnh nh CMYK c 4 knh mu

Surce: Tuoitre Online

c,M,

Y, K