OUTLINE IN PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

1ST SEMESTER, SY 2010-2011

------------------Note: All article references are to the Family Code unless a Civil Code article
reference (NCC) is indicated.

I.

INTRODUCTION
1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 (1990 edition)

II.

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Articles 1-13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino
NCC1-18
A. When Law Takes Effect
NCC2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24 [1987]
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2
Pesigan v. Angeles 129 SCRA: 174
Taada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27
Farinas vs. the Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA 503
MRCA v. Court of Appeals 180 SCRA 344
National Electrification Administration vs. Gonzaga, G.R. No. 158761,
December 4, 2007
Garcilliano vs. House of Representatives, G.R. No., 170338, Dec. 23, 2008
Fuentes v. Roca, GR NO. 178902, April 21, 2010
B. Ignorance of the Law

NCC3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285
Manzano vs. Sanchez, A.M. No. MTJ-00-1339, Mar. 8, 2001
1

C. Retroactivity of laws
NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 2269
Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256
Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996
Gregorio vs. CA, G.R. No. L-22802, Nov. 29, 1968
Aruego vs CA, 254 SCRA 711
Cang vs CA, 296 SCRA 128
Francisco v. CA, 299 SCRA 188
D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws
NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)
E. Waiver of rights
NCC 6
NCC 2035
PEFTOK Integrated Services vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124841. July 31, 1998
Valderama vs. Macaide, 470 SCRA 168
DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001
F. Repeal of Laws
NCC7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
Mecano vs. COA, G.R. No. 103982, Dec. 11, 1992
Solangon vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 125944, June 29, 2001
Thornton vs. Thornton, Aug. 16, 2004
Lledo v. Lledo, AM No. P-95-1167, February 9, 2010

G. Judicial Decisions
NCC8
De Roy vs. CA, 157 SCRA 757
Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001
De Castro vs. JBC, GR No. 191002, April 20, 2010

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC9
RPC5
I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom
NCC 10-12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)
Martinez v. Van Buskirk 18 Phil. 79
Alonzo vs. Padua, 150 SCRA 379

J. Legal Periods
NCC13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31
Armigos v. CA 179 SCRA 1
Namarco v. Tecson 29 SCRA 70
Go v. Dizon 214 SCRA 41 [See Concurring Opinion, J. Regalado]
Quiqui v. Boncaros, 151 SCRA 416

K. Applicability of Penal Laws

NCC 14
Rayray vs. Chae Kyung Lee, GR No. 18176, October 26, 1966
L. Binding Effect
NCC15
cf. FC 26 par.2
Barreto v. Gonzales 58 Phil 67
Tenchavez v. Escao 15 SCRA 355
Board of Commissioners vs. de la Rama, 197 SCRA 853
NCC 16
NCC17
German vs. Donaldson, 1 Phil 63
NCC 18
Tomawis v. Balindong, GR No. 182434, March 5, 2010
III.

Human Relations
NCC 19-22
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
De Tavera vs. Philippine Tuberculosis Society, 112 SCRA 243
Llorente vs. Sandiganbayan, 202 SCRA 309
Carpio vs. Valmonte, G.R. No. 151866, Sept. 9, 2004
Nikko Hotel Manila Garden vs Reyes, G R No 154259 Feb 28, 2005
Pacis v. Morales, GR No. 169467, February 25, 2010

IV.

PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a person and personality
NCC37-39
Classes of persons and their distinctions
Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act
B. Commencement and termination of personality
1. Natural Persons
(a)

Birth

NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art II Sec 12
P D 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art 5
FC 164
RPC Arts. 256 - 259
Roe vs. Wade, 410 US 113,93 S. Ct. 705, 35 L.ed. 2d 147
Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801
Quimiging v. Icao 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia 58 Phil 866
Continental Steel vs. Montano, GR 182836, October 13, 2009
Ang Ladlad vs. COMELEC, GR 190582, April 8, 2010
(b) Death
NCC 42
Limjoco v Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
5

NCC 43
ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)
Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257
2. Juridical Persons
NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768
Barlin v. Ramirez 7 Phil 41
Camid vs. Office of the President, G.R. No. 161414. Jan. 17, 2005
Juasing vs. Hardware, July 30, 1982
C. Restrictions on Civil Capacity
1. Presumption of Capacity
Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007
2. Restrictions on capacity to act
NCC 38 39, cf. NCC 1327
(a) Minority
1. Age of Majority, R.A. 6809
2. A.M. No. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang
Kabataan]
Ang Ladlad vs. COMELEC, GR 190582, April 8, 2010
4. Marriage, FC 5; cf. RA 6809
5. Contracts

NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1) NCC 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397
NCC 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427
Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215
Bambalan v. Maramba 51 Phil 417
Suan Chian v. Alcantara 85 Phil 669
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille 105 Phil 456
6. Criminal Liability
RPC 12 (2)-(3);
RPC13 (2);
PD 603 Sees. 189 204
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
(b) Insanity
1. Marriage, FC 45 (2)
2. Contracts, NCC 1327, 1328

3. Criminal liability,
RPC 12(1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court

US v. Vaguilar, 27 Phil 88
People v. Rafanan 204 SCRA 65
Standard Oil v. Arenas, GR No. L-5921, July 25, 1911
Hernandez vs. Santos, GR No. 169217, August 7, 2009
(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820
(d) Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction RPC 31, 41
(f) Family Relations
7

FC 150-151; cf. FC 87
NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967
(g) Alienage, cf. Art IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution
Cordora vs. COMELEC, February 19, 2009
(h) Absence
NCC381396
(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship
NCC 1381, 1491, 2236
Villanueva vs. CA, GR No 114870, May26, 1995
(j) Gender
Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules Of Civil Procedure
Ang Ladlad vs. COMELEC, GR 190582, April 8, 2010
D. Domicile and residence of persons
1. Juridical persons, NCC 51
2. Natural persons
NCC 5O
FC 68-69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101
Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300
8

V. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

Tolentino, Persons and Family Relations in the Civil Code
Osmena vs. Osmena, GR No. 171911, January 26, 2010
A. Effect and Retroactivity
E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 8609, R.A. 7160
FC 255, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257
Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32
Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes v. Roca, GR NO. 178902, April 21, 2010
B. Repeal / Amendment
FC 254, 255
VI. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES
A. The concept of marriage
FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149
Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
Estrada vs. Escritor, AM No. P-02-1651. August 4, 2003
B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law
FC 1 cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3, 1989 Rules on Evidence
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252
9

Sermonia v. CA 233 SCRA 155

Perido v. Perido 63 SCRA 97
People v. Malabago G.R. No. 115686, Dec. 2, 1996
Go vs. Court of Appeals 272 SCRA 752
Trinidad vs CA, G.R. No. 118904 April 20, 1998
De Jacob vs. CA, 312 SCRA 772
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v. de la Cruz, GR No. 187683, February 11, 2010
Amores vs. CSC, GR No.170093, April 29, 2009
People vs. Poras, GR No. 177747, February 16, 2010

C. Agreements prior to marriage

1. Stipulations prior to marriage
FC l cf. NCC 221
Panganiban v. Borromeo 58 Phil 367
In re Santiago 70 Phil 66
Selanova v. Mendoza 64 SCRA 69
Lichauco-de Leon v. CA 186 SCRA 345
2. Breach of Promise to Marry
NCC 19 - 21
NCC 2176
NCC 1403 2(c)
Muslim Code (MC) 22
Domalagan v. Bolifer 33 Phil 471
Cabague v. Auxilio, 92 Phil 294
Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629
Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
10

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

1 Tolentino 222 269
Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337
1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance
FC 2-3
FC 5
FC 45 cf. NCC 53
RPC 350-351
De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1
Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336
Egap Madsali, Sajiron Lajim and Maron Lajim v. People of the Philippines,
GR No. 179570, February 4, 2010
2. Essential Requisites
(a) Legal Capacity
(i)

Gender, FC 2 (1) cf. FC 148

Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007

(ii)

Age
FC 5
FC 35 (1)
R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21
NCC 54, 80 (1)
RPC 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii)

Absence of impediment, FC 5

Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437

Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000, 346 SCRA 327
11

3. Parental Consent
FC 14
FC 45 cf. NCC 61 & 95 (1)
4. Consent freely given by both spouses
(a) Mistake as to identity
FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)
(b) Effect of insanity
FC 45 (2)
(c) Effect of fraud
FC 45(3)
FC 46
NCC 1338 - 1344
Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970
(d) Effect of force, intimidation and undue influence
FC 45 (4)
NCC 1335 - 1337
Villanueva vs. CA, 505 SCRA 564
(e) Effect of physical incapacity / impotence
FC 45 (5)
Jimenez v. Canizares 109 Phil 27
Alcazar v. Alcazar, GR No. 174451, October 13, 2009
(f) Effect of affliction with STD
FC 45 (6)

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5. Formal Requisites
(a) Marriage License
Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257
Cosca v. Palaypayan, 237 SCRA 249
Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro vs. De Castro, GR No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Republic vs. Dayot, GR No. 175581, March 28, 2008
1. Where to apply
FC 9-10
2. Requirements for issuance
a. Application
FC 11
b. Proof of capacity
FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84
Sevilla vs. Cardenas, 497 SCRA 429
cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)
DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)
c. Parental advice
FC 15
d. Marriage counseling
FC 16
e. Publication
FC 17
f. Investigation of impediments
FC 18
g. Payment of fees
FC 19
h. Family planning certificate
PD 965
3. Place where valid
FC 20
4. Period of Validity
FC 20
5. Duties of the Civil Registrar
FC 24-25
Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
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6. Marriages exempt from license requirement

FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76
P.D. 1083
Leda v. Tabang, 206 SCRA 395
Ninal vs. Bayadog, GR No. 133778, March 14, 2000
Manzano vs. Judge Sanchez, A.M. No. MTJ-00-1329, March 8, 2001
De Castro vs. De Castro, G.R. 160172, February 13, 2008
Republic vs. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer
1. Who are authorized
FC 7, 10, 31, 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code), Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)
(xviii)
Aranes vs Occiano, 380 SCRA 402
Navarro v. Domagtoy, S.C. A.M. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996
2. How authorized
FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96
Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659
3. Effect of absence of authority
FC 4
FC 35 (2)
RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360
4. Duties of the solemnizing officer
FC23-24
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5. Effect of irregularity
FC4
(c) Marriage Ceremony
1. Form of ceremony
FC 3(3)
FC 6 cf. FC 33
FC 8
Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731
Egap Madsali, Sajiron Lajim and Maron Lajim v. People of the Philippines,
GR No. 179570, February 4, 2010
2. Place for Ceremony
FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33
3. Issuance of Marriage Certificate
FC 6; FC 22
Madridejo v. De Leon 55 Phil 1
People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106
E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad
1 Tolentino 260 263
1. General rule in contracts
(a) As to form, NCC 17
(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17
2. Special rule in marriage
(a) Lex loci celebrationis
FC 26; FC 21, FC 10
Yao Kee v Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786
Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005
Dacasin vs. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, February 5, 2010
15

(b) Exceptions
FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)
F. Common-law marriages / live-in relationships
FC 147, cf. RPC 350
Rule 131 Sec. 3, 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC 220
FC 26 par. I
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)
Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135
Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, GR No. 85140, May 17, 1990
Estrada vs. Escritor, AM No. P-02-1651, Aug. 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages
1 Tolentino 270 310
General rule, FC 4
1. Kinds of void marriages
(a) Absence of requisites
cf. VII (D) of Outline
FC 35 cf. FC 234
RA 6809
Alcantara v. Mallion, GR No. 1677446, August 18, 2007
So vs. Valera, GR No. 150677, June 5, 2009
16

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages

FC 35 (4), 39, 40, 41, 44
RPC 344, 349
Apiag vs. Cantero SC A.M. MTJ-95-1070, Feb. 12, 1997
Mercado vs. Tan, 337 SCRA 122
Ty vs. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004 (read concurring of
Justice Vitug)
Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336
Abunado vs. Republic, GR No. 159218, March 30, 2004
Jarillo vs. People, GR No. 164435, September 29, 2009
Puse vs. Puse, GR No. 183678, March 15, 2010
(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse
FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391, FC 55 (9), FC 101
Jones v. Hortiguela 64 Phil 179
Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido vs. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
Armas vs Calisterio, 330 SCRA 201, April 6, 2000
Republic vs. Bermudez - Lorino, 449 SCRA 57, January 19, 2005
Republic vs. Court of Appeals, 458 SCRA 200, May 6, 2005
Manuel vs. People, 476 SCRA 461, November 26, 2005
Republic vs. Court of Appeals, 477 SCRA 277, December 9, 2005
Republic vs. Tango, July 31, 2009

17

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36
FC 36
FC 39
FC 68-73
R.A. 8533
Lim v. CA 214 SCRA 237
Salita v. Magtolis, 233 SCRA 100
Krohn v. CA, 233 SCRA 146
Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20
Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
Republic v. Olaviano Molina 268 SCRA 198 (1997)
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425, February 9, 2001
Malcampo-Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285, March 26, 2001
Antonio vs.Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005
Ferraris vs. Ferraris, G.R. No, 162368, July 17, 2006
Mallion vs.Alcantara, G.R. No.141528, Oct.31, 2006
Paras vs. Paras, G.R. No. 147824, Aug. 2, 2007
Santos vs. Court of Appeals, 240 SCRA 20, January 4, 1995
Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 324, January 16, 1997
Republic vs. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 198, February 13, 1997
Pesca vs. Pesca, 356 SCRA 588, April 17, 2001
Choa vs. Choa, 392 SCRA 641, November 26, 2002
Barcelona vs. Court of Appeals, 412 SCRA 41, September 24, 2003
Dedel vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 151867, 421 SCRA 461, Jan. 29, 2004
Rep. vs. Quintero -Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, 428 SCRA 735, May 20, 2004
Siayngco vs. Siayngco, 441 SCRA 422, October 27, 2004
Antonio vs. Reyes, 484 SCRA 353, March 10, 2005
Republic vs. Iyoy, 470 SCRA 508, September 21, 2005
Yu vs. Yu, 484 SCRA 485, March 10, 2006
Ferraris v. Ferraris, GR No. 162368, July 17, 2006
Mallion vs. Alcantara, GR No. 141528, Oct. 31, 2006
Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February 6,2007
Zamora vs. Court of Appeals, February 7, 2007
Navarro vs. Navarro, GR No. 162049, April 13, 2007
Republic vs. Cabantug-Baguio, June 30, 2008
18

Almelor vs. RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008

Laurena vs. CA, GR No. 15920, Sept. 22, 2008
Te vs. Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009
Ting vs. Ting, GR No. 166562, March 31, 2009
Azcueta vs. RP, GR No. 180668, May 26, 2009
So vs. Valera, GR No. 150677, June 5, 2009
Halili vs. Halili, GR No. 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for Reconsideration)
Najera vs. Najera, GR No. 164817, July 3, 2009
Rumbaua vs. Rumbaua, GR No. 166738, August 14, 2009
Aspillaga vs. Aspillaga, GR No. 170925, October 26, 2009
Lim vs. Lim, GR NO. 174464, Feb. 4, 2010
Paz v. Paz, GR No. 166579, Feb. 18, 2010
Suazo vs. Suazo, GR No. 164493, March 10, 2010
Ligeralde vs. Patalighud, GR NO. 168796, April 15, 2010
(f) Incestuous marriages
FC 37
Cf. NCC 963-197
(g) Marriages against public policy
FC 38, compare FC 38 (6) with NCC 80 (6)
RPC 246
NCC 80 (7), 82
NCC 963-967
Reyes vs. Court of Appeals, GR No. 124099, Oct. 30, 1997
(h) Non-compliance under FC 53
2. Who can invoke nullity
FC 36
FC 39
FC 40
Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Ninal vs. Bayadog, GR No. 133778, March 14, 2000

19

Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614, September 28, 2007
Carlos v. Sandoval, GR No. 1799222, December 16, 2008
3. When to file action for declaration of nullity
FC 39; FC 36 par. 2 in relation to FC 255;
FC 42, par.2
FC 237 in rel. to R.A. 6809
4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity
a. Requisite for valid remarriage

see VII (E)(10)(b) above

b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48
Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285
Ancheta vs. Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Salmingo vs. Rubica, A.C. No. 6573, July 9, 2007
c. No confession of judgment
FC 48 cf. NCC 2035
A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Jocson v Robles 22 SCRA 521
Tolentino v Villanueva 56 SCRA 1
Salcedo-Ortanez v CA 235 SCRA 111
Pesca vs Pesca 356 SCRA 588
Carlos v. Sandoval, GR No. 1799222, December 16, 2008
5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity
FC 49

20

6. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general
FC 50-54 but see FC l47 - 148
(b) On remarriage
FC 40
Wiegel vs. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499
Terre vs. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
Domingo vs. CA, 226 SCRA 572
Carino vs Carino, 351 SCRA 127
Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Abunado vs. People, GR No. 159218, March 30, 2004
Jarillo vs. People, Sept. 29, 2009
Garrido vs. Garrido, AC 6593 (2010)
Re: Complaint of Mrs. Corazon S. Salvador, AM No. 2008-20-SC, March 15,
2010
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage
FC 50
FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4)
Compare with FC 147-148
Valdes v. QC-RTC G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Sales vs. Sales, GR 17483, July 13, 2009
Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
(e) On legitimes of the common children
FC 50-53
FC 51 in rel. to NCC 886, 888
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061

21

Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
(f) On the status and custody of children
FC 54
FC 176
Dacasin vs. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, February 5, 2010
(note ABAD, J. separate opinion)
(g) On use of surnames
Yasin vs. The Honorable Judge Sharia District Court, GR No. 94986,
February 23, 1995
BAR MATTER NO. 1625 Petition to Use Maiden Name in Petition to Take
the 2006 Bar Examinations, JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
(h) On hereditary rights
(i) Effect of death
Castro v. Castro, GR No. 140484, January 28, 2007

H. Voidable Marriages
1. Void vs. Voidable marriages
FC 4 cf. FC 45
Wiegel vs. Sempio-Dy 143 SCRA 499
Terre vs. Terre 211 SCRA 6

22

2. Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent
FC 4(1), 47(1), RA 6809 cf. FC 14
(b) Insanity
FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC 1149
Lim v. CA, 214 SCRA 237
(c) Fraud
FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)
NCC 1338-1344
Buccat v Buccat 72 Phil 49
Aquino v Delizo 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97
Macarrubo vs Macarrubo, 424 SCRA 42
Almelor vs. RTC of Las Pinas, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008
(concealment of homosexuality is fraud)
(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence
FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph
(e) Physical incapacity / impotence
FC 45(5), 47(5)
Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 273
Alcazar vs. Alcazar, GR No. 174451, October 13, 2009
(f) Affliction with STD
FC 45(6) compare with FC 46(3)
23

3. Who can seek annulment

FC 47
4. When to seek annulment
FC47
Sec. 3 of A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
5. Procedure in actions for annulment
See Part VII (E) (13 ) (b)-(d)
A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Barcelona vs. CA, G.R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003
6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment
A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003
7. Effects of annulment
FC 49-54
(a) In general
Tuason vs. CA 256 SCRA 158
Chan-Tan vs. Chan, GR No. 167139, February 25, 2010
(b) On remarriage
FC 40
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage
FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4)
Compare with FC 147-148
Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
(e) On presumptive legitimes / hereditary rights
FC 50-53, FC 51 in rd to NCC 886, 888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
24

(f) On the status and custody of children

Dacasin vs. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, February 5, 2010
(g) On use of surnames
I. Marriage when one spouse is absent
FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)
cf. RPC 349
Jones v. Hortiguela, supra
Lukban v. Republic 98 Phil 574
Gue v. Republic 107 Phil 381
SSS vs. Jarque vda. De Bailon, GR. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Valdez vs. Republic, GR No. 180863, September 8, 2009

J. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment

NCC 15, 17
FC26
Benedicto v. Dela Rama, December 8, 1903
Arca vs. Javier, July 31, 1954
Tenchavez v. Escano, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia vs Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5,2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
AMOR-CATALAN vs. CA, G.R. No. 167109, February 6,2007

25

Bayot vs CA, G.R. No. 155635, Nov. 27, 2008

Dacasin vs. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, February 5, 2010
K. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability
FC4
FC16
NCC 84
RPC 351-352
People vs. de Guzman, GR No. 185843, March 3, 2010
R.A. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching Filipino
Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals
R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003

26

VII. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation and divorce
Benedicto v. De la Rama 3 Phil 34
1. Separation in fact
FC 238-248
Villanueva vs. Chiong, GR No. 159889, June 5, 2008
2. Agreements to separate
NCC 221 (1)
Albano v. Gapusan 71 SCRA 26.
In re: Atty. Rufillo Bucana 72 SCRA 14
3. Absolute divorce
(a) Divorce under the Family Code
FC 26 paragraph 2
Tenchavez v. Escano, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera vs. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Dacasin vs. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, February 5, 2010
(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code
Muslim Code 45-55
B. Concept of legal separation
Compare with NCC 97
1. Grounds for legal separation
FC 55
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003
27

(a) sexual infidelity or perversion

FC 55(8)
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda 35 Phil 252
People vs. Zapata 88 Phil 688
Gandionco v. Peflaranda 155 SCRA 725
Ong vs Ong, 505 SCRA 76
(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or homosexuality
FCC 55 compare with FC 46(4)
(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse
FC 55(9), compare with NCC 97(2)
(d) Abandonment
FC 55(10)
FC 101 par.3, compare with separation in fact
(e) Other gounds

2. Who can ask for legal separation

FC 55, compare with NCC 99
3. When may petition be filed
FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99
Lapuz v. Eufemio 43 SCRA 177
Matubis v. Praxedes 109 Phil 789

28

4. Court procedure in legal separation

FC 58-60
Sec 19, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003
Araneta vs Concepcion, 99 Phil 709
Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz vs. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Samosa vs Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Pacete v. Cariaga 231 SCRA 321
5. Effect of pendency of the petition
(a) Cooling-off period
FC58
(b) Right of consortium
FC 61 par. 1
(c) Administration of property
FC 61 par. 2
De la Vina v. Villareal 41 Phil 13
Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79
(d) Support and Custody pendente lite
FC 62 cf. FC 49
FC 198
Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404
De la Via v. Villareal, supra
Araneta v. Concepcion 99 Phil 709
Ramos v. Vamenta 46 SCRA 110
Lerma v. CA 61 SCRA 440
Pacete v. Cariaga supra

29

6. Defenses in actions for legal separation

FC 56
(a) Consent
FC 56(2)
NCC 100
Matubis v. Praxedes, supra
People v. Sansano 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413
(b) Condonation
FC 56(1)
Ginez v. Bugayong 100 Phil 616
(c) Recrimination
FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Arroyo v. CA 203 SCRA 753
(d) Collusion / Mutual Consent
FC60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(3)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Ocampo v. Florenciano 107 Phil 35
7. Effects of decree of legal separation
(a) On personal relations
FC63
(b) On the Custody of children
FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

30

(c) On property relations

FC 63(2)
FC 64
FC 102 (4)
(d) On support
FC 198
(e) On the use of surname
NCC 370-372
Laperal v. Republic 116 Phil 672
(f) On hereditary rights
FC 63(4)
(g) Solo Parents Act -- RA 8972
8. Reconciliation
FC 65-67
9. Effect of death of one of the parties
Lapuz vs. Eufemio 43 SCRA 314
Macadangdang vs. CA 108 SCRA 314

31

VIII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

1 Tolentino 338 355
cf. NCC 113-114
A. Obligation to love each other
FC68
B. Obligation to live with the other spouse
1. General rule and exceptions
FC 68; FC 72
Art. 100, 127, 101
NCC 921(4)
RPC 11(2)
RPC 247
Atilano v. Chua Ching Beng 103 Phil 255
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, supra
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno 12 SCRA 505
Lacson v. Lacson 24 SCRA 837
Ilusorio vs. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789, May 12, 2000.
2. Designation of domicile
(a) General rule: Jointly
FC 69 par. 1
compare with NCC 110
Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335
De la Vina v. Villareal, supra at pp. 16-21
(b) Exception

FC 69 par. 2
C. Joint management of family life
FC 70-71
32

D. Joint Obligation to Support

FC 70
SSS vs. De los Santos, GR No. 164790, August 29, 2008
E. The right to exercise a profession or calling
FC 73, compare with NCC 117
FC 94(3)
FC 121(3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4
cf. R.A. 7192, An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as Full & Equal
Partners of Men in Development and Nation Building
cf. R.A. 8187, An Act Granting Paternity Leave...
RA 9710, Magna Carta for Women
F. Related rights / obligations
Yasin v. Shariah Court 241 SCRA (1995)
G. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children
Republic Act No. 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
SHARICA MART L. GO-TAN vs SPOUSES PERFECTO C. TAN and
JUANITA L. TAN, G.R. No. 168852, September 30, 2008
Rustan Ang vs. CA, GR No. 182835, April 20, 2010

33

IX. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements
FC 75; FC 130(3); FC 103(3)
1. Prior to marriage: modifications
FC1
FC76 (modifications after marriage)
FC 66, 67, 128, 135, 136
2. Form & registration requirement
FC77
3. Celebration of the marriage
FC81 cf. FC 86(1)
B. Parties to a marriage settlement
1. Who may enter into settlements
(a) Minors --- FC78

(b) persons under civil interdiction --- FC 38, 39

(c) incapacitated persons --- FC 79 in rel. to NCC 38, 39
2. Participation of parents / guardians
FC 78
C. Which law governs property relations
1. Stipulations in marriage settlements --- FC 80
2. If both Filipinos
3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside RP
FC 80 (2) and (3) in rel. to NCC 16
FC (3) in rel. to NCC 17
34

D. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition
FC82
Solis vs Solis, 53 Phil 912 [1928]
2. Form of Donations
FC 83, NCC 748-749
3. Who may be donors
FC 83
4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor
(a) Present property --- FC84
(b) Future property --- FC 84; NCC 761
(c) Encumbered property --- FC85
(d) Donations in the marriage settlements --- FC 81
5. Void donations by the spouses
FC 87
(a) Donations during the marriage
(b) Donations in common-law marriages
Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 SCRA 284
Bienvenido v. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676
Sumbad vs CA, 308 CRA 575
Arcaba vs. Tabancura vs. de Batocael, G.R. No.146683. Nov. 22, 2001
SSS vs. Davac, GR No. L-21642, July 30, 1966
6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias
(a) Revocation by donor
FC 86; NCC 765; FC 50; FC 43(3)
Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864
(b) By operation of law --- FC 48; 44; 61
35

E. Absolute community of property (ACP)

1. When applicable
FC75; 103(3); 130(3)
2. Commencement --- FC88
3. Waiver during marriage --- FC89
4. Waiver after marriage
FC 89 par. 2 cf. NCC 168
5. Suppletory rules:
Co-ownership --- FC 90; cf. NCC 484-501
6. What constitutes ACP --- FC91
Memorize!
(a) All property at time of marriage
(b) Property acquired subsequently
(c) Winnings from gambling --- FC as of NCC 164
(d) Presumption of ACP --- FC 93 cf. NCC 160
7. What is excluded from ACP
FC 92; FC 95
8. Charges upon ACP --- FC 94
Luzon Surety Co., Inc. vs De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111
Gelano vs CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc., vs. CA, 135 SCRA 192
Sunga-Chan vs. CA, GR No. 164401, June 25, 2008
(a) Family expenses
cf. FC 100 (3), FC 12 1(5) and FC 94(4)
Francisco vs. Gonzales, GR No. 177667, Sep. 17, 2008
(b) Debts of spouses --- FC (2) and (3)
(c) Subsidiary liabilities --- FC 94 (9)
36

Buado vs. CA, GR No. 145222, April 24, 2009

(d) Sole obligations of a spouse --- FC 94
(e) Gambling losses --- FC 95
(f) Other charges --- FC 94
9. Ownership
FC 90, FC 96 in rel. to NCC 206
10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP
(a) Joint administration
FC 96; FC 90
Yu Bun Guan vs Ong, 36 SCRA 55, Oct. 18, 2001
(b) Sole administration
(1) Incapacity --- FC 96(2)
(2) Separation in fact --- FC 100(3)
(3) FC 100(2)
(4) Abandonment --- FC 101
(5) Pendency of legal separation proceeding --- FC 61
(c) Disposition and encumbrance
FC 96 98
Matthews vs. Taylor, GR 164584, June 22, 2009
11. Effect of separation de facto
FC 100 cf. FC 239
12. Effect of abandonment
FC 101; 72
13. Causes for dissolution of ACP
FC 99
(a) Death --- FC 103 cf. Rule 73, Sec. 12 Rules of Court
(b) Legal separation --- FC 63 (2); FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity --- FC 50 in rel. to FC 43 (2)
(d) Judicial separation of property --- FC 134 138
37

14. Effects of dissolution

(a) Liquidation procedure --- FC 102
(b) For cause other than death --- FC 43(2); FC 63(2)
(c) Termination due to death --- FC 104
Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
15. For marriages before FC
FC 104 cf. FC 103(3)
Delizo vs. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216
16. Support during ACP liquidation
F. Conjugal partnership of gains (CPG)
Belcodero v. CA 227 SCRA 303
Jocson v. CA 170 SCRA 333
Ansaldo v. Sheriff, 64 Phil 115
Sps. Estonina v. CA G.R. No. 111547, Jan. 27, 1997
1. When CPG commences and applies
(a) Marriages under FC
FC 107 cf. FC 88, 89
(b) Marriages before FC
FC 105(2) cf FC 256
Castro vs. Miat, 397 SCRA 271
(c) When applicable
FC 105 cf. FC 74-76
Malang vs Moson, 338 SCRA 393
(d) Suppletory rules
FC 108 cf. NCC 1767-1768
PNB v. Quintos, 46 Phil 370
Ansaldo vs Sheriff of Manila, 64 Phil 115
38

2.

What is included in the CPG

FC 106

3. What is excluded from CPG

(a) Brought as exclusive property
FC 109 (1)
Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493
(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage
FC 109 (2) of FC 113, FC 115
Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255
Berciles v. GSIS, 128 SCRA 53 cf. FC 115
(c) Acquired by redemption / exchange
FC 109 (3)
Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718
Lim v. Garcia, 7 Phil 320
(d) Purchased with exclusive money
FC 109(4); cf. FC 118-119
(e) Properties of parents
Laurena vs. CA, GR No. 159220, Sept. 22, 2008
Administration of exclusive property
(a) By the spouse-owner
FC 110
(b) By the other spouse
FC 110 2nd par.; FC 142, FC 75
Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

39

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372

Ong vs CA, 204 SCRA 297
4. Encumbrance / disposition of exclusive property
FC 111-112, cf. FC 236, amended by RA 6809
Palanca v. Smith-Bell, 9 Phil 131
Lim Queco V. Cartagena, 71 Phil 163
Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792
5. What constitutes CPG
(a) Definition --- FC 106
(b) presumption of CPG --- FC 116

Torela v. Torela, 93 SCRA 391

Magallon v. Montejo, 146 SCRA 282
Cuenca v. Cuenca, 168 SCRA 335
Titan vs. David, GR No. 169548, March 15, 2010
(c) what are included in CPG --- FC117

Memorize!
Cheesman vs IAC, 193 SCRA 93
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Zulueta v. Pan-Am 49 SCRA 1
Mendoza v. Reyes 124 SCRA 154
Tarrosa vs. De Leon, GR No. 185063, July 23, 2009
(d) if property bought by installments
FC 118
Under NCC: Castillo v. Pasco, 11 SCRA 102
Tarrosa vs. De Leon, GR No. 185063, July 23, 2009
(e) credits due --- FC 119

(f) improvements on CPG property --- FC 120

40

Padilla vs Padilla, 74 Phil 377

Caltex vs Felias, 108 Phil 873
Vda de Padilla vs PAterno, 3 SCRA 678
Calimlim v. Frtun, 129 SCRA 675
Embrado v. CA, 233 SCRA 335
Ravina vs. Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, October 16, 2009
6. Charges upon and obligations of CPG
FC 121, 122
Mariano vs CA, 174 SCRA 59
Ayala vs. CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching vs CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners Savings and Loan vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Mar.11, 2005
Sunga-Chan vs. CA, GR No. 164401, June 25, 2008
Buado vs. CA, GR No. 145222, April 24, 2009
(a) With consent
Javier v. Osmena, 34 Phil 336
Vda. De Sta. Romana v. PCIB, 118 SCRA 330
G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192
DBP v. Adil, 161 SCRA 307
Mariano v. CA 174 SCRA 59
Wong et al. v. CA 200 SCRA 792
Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment vs. CA (February 12, 1998)
Security Bank vs Mar Tiera Corp, G R No 143382, Nov 29, 2006
(b) Without consent
Luzon Surety v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 118
BA Finance v CA, 161 SCRA 608
Costuna vs. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333
Carlos vs. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361
Ramones vs Agbayani, 137808, Sept 30, 2005

41

Villanueva vs. Chiong, GR No. 159889, June 5, 2008

Ravina vs. Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, October 16, 2009
Fuentes v. Roca, GR NO. 178902, April 21, 2010

(c) Personal debts

FC122
People v. Lagrimas, 29 SCRA 153
Go vs. Yamane, 489 SCRA 107
Buado vs. Buado, supra
(d) Winnings from gambling --- FC 123

7. Ownership, administration and enjoyment

(a) Joint administration
FC 124 cf. FC 96
Guiang vs CA, 291 SCRA 372
Heirs vs Mijares, 410 SCRA 97
Roxas v. CA 198 SCRA 541 (1991)
Ysasi v. Fernandez, 23 SCRA 1079
Docena vs. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658
Homeowners Savings Loan Bank vs Dailo, G R No 153802, Mar. 11, 2005
Alinas vs Alinas, GR No. 158040, April 14, 2008
(b) Sole administration
(1) incapacity
FC 124; 253
Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246
(2) separation in fact
FC 100(3), 127(3)
(3) abandonment
FC 101, 128
(4) pendency of legal separation proceedings --- FC 61
Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79
Ravina vs. Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, October 16, 2009

42

(c) disposition and encumbrance

FC 124-125
FC 97
FC 121(8)
Felipe v. Heirs of Aldon, 120 SCRA 628 (see NCC 1390)
Cheeseman v. IAC 193 SCRA 93
Frenzel vs. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Ayuste vs.CA, GR No. 118784, Sept. 2, 1999
Villaranda vs. Spouses Villaranda, G.R. No. 153447, Feb. 23,2004
Ainza vs.CA, G.R. No. 165420. June 30, 2005 (see NCC 1145)
Alinas vs. Alinas, G.R. No. 158040, April 14, 2008
Siochi vs. Gozon, GR No. 169900, March 18, 2010
8. Effect of separation de facto
FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239
9. Effect of abandonment,
FC 128 cf. FC 101
Partosa-Jo v. CA 216 SCRA 693
10. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126
(a) Death --- FC 126 (1)
(b) Legal separation --- FC 63 (2), FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity
FC 50 in rel. to FC 43(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property
FC 134-138
11. Effects of dissolution
FC 129
Metropolitan Bank vs Pascual, GR No. 163744, Feb. 29, 2008
Tarrosa vs. De Leon, GR No. 185063, July 23, 2009
(a) Liquidation procedure --- FC 129
(b) Cause other than death FC 129; FC 43(2); FC 63(2)
43

(c) Termination due to death

FC 130 cf. FC 104
Buenaventura vs. CA, GR No. 127358, March 31, 2005
12. For marriages before FC
FC 131
13. Applicability of Rules of Court
FC 132
14. Support during CPG liquidation
FC 133
Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728
G. Regime of separation of property
1. When applicable
(a) In the marriage settlements
FC 143 146
(b) When mandatory
FC 103; FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation
FC 66(2)
2. Property covered -- FC 144

3. Administration
(a) By the owner-spouse -- FC 145
(b) By the other spouse -- FC 142
(c) FC 100(3), 101
4. Family expenses FC 146
5. Conveyances between spouses
FC 87, NCC 1490
44

H. Judicial separation of property

1. When possible
FC 134
Maquilan vs Maquilan, June 8, 2007
2. For sufficient cause
FC 135 cf. FC 55 (10)
3. Voluntary separation of property
FC 136; FC 74-75, FC 134
Lacson v. San Jose-Lacson, 24 SCRA 837
4. Effects of judicial separation of property
(a) Liquidation of CPG or ACP --- FC 137 par.1
(b) Support pendente lite --- FC 137 par.2
(c) Regime after JSP --- FC 138 cf. FC 66(2)
(d) Binding effect on third parties FC 139-140, cf. FC 67
5. Revival of property regime after JSP
FC 141 cf. FC 67
6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property
FC 142 cf. NCC 196; FC 96; FC 124
Review: FC 6, 35(2), 35(3), 35(5), 36, 38, 53, 41, 44, 45
(void and voidable marriages)
1. Unions under FC 147
Maxey v. CA, 129 SCRA 187 cf. NCC 144
Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572 (All Opinions)
Belcodero v. CA 227 SCRA 303
Valds v. QC RTC, supra
Carino vs. Carino, supra
Fehr vs. Fehr, G.R. No. 152716. October 23, 2003
Joaquino vs Reyes, 434 SCRA 260
45

Gonzales vs Gonzales, 478 SCRA 327

2. Unions under FC 148 cf. FC 50 in rel. to FC 49(2) and FC 50
Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306
Yap v. CA, 145 SCRA 229
Bienvenido v. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676
Agapay vs Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Tumlos vs. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr 12, 2000
Malilin vs Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Saguid vs. CA, G.R. No. 150611, June 10, 2003
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Joaquino vs Reyes, 434 SCRA 260
Francisco vs Master Iron Works, 451 SCRA 494
Atienza vs.de Castro, G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
Acre vs Yutiki, September 27, 2007
Signey v SSS, GR No. 173582, Jan. 28, 2008
Borromeo vs Descallar, GR No. 159310, Feb. 24, 2009
Heirs of Maramag vs. de Guzman, GR No. 181132, June 5, 2009

46

X. FAMILY RELATIONS
A. What governs family relations
FC 149
Alavado v. City of Tacloban, 139 SCRA 230
Arroyo v. CA, 203 SCRA 753
B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes
FC 150- 151
NCC 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC 20, 247 and 332
Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104
Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta vs Gonong, 76 SCRA 511
De Guzman vs Genato, 89 SCRA 674
OLaco vs Co Cho Chit, 220 SCRA 656
Tribiana vs.Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings and Loan Bank, Inc. vs. Acuna, G.R. NO. 154132, August
31, 2006
Intestate Estate of Gonzales vs. People, GR No. 181409, February 11, 2010

C. The family home

1. What constitutes the family home
Republic vs. Serrano, GR No. 183063, February 24, 2010
2. Who may constitute the family home
FC 152; FC 161
Taneo vs CA, 304 SCRA 308
3. When deemed constituted
47

FC 153
4. When terminated
FC 153, compare with FC 159
5. Beneficiaries
FC154
Patricio vs. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006
6. Exemptions
FC 155, 157, 160
7. When may be sold
FC 158
Modequillo v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766
Siari Valley v. Lucasan, 109 Phil 294
Honrado vs.CA, G.R. No. 166333, Nov. 25, 2005
Cabang vs Basay, GR No. 180587, March 20, 2009
8. Rights of creditors
FC 160-162
Modequillo vs Breva, 185 SCRA 756
Cabreza vs. Cabreza, GR No. 171260, September 11, 2009
Metrobank vs. Viray, GR No. 162218, February 25, 2010

48

XI. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concept of paternity, filiation and legitimacy
FC 163
B. Legitimate children
FC 164 cf. FC 166 in rel. to NCC 256-25, 165
Tan v. Trocio, 191 SCRA 764
Angeles vs Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363
SSS vs. Aguas, G.R. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Rivera vs. Heirs of Villanueva, GR No. 141501, July 21, 2006
1. Who are considered legitimate children
(a) Conceived during marriage
cf. RoC Rule 131 Sec.3(dd)
FC 168
1.
2.
3.
4.

Valid marriage
Terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC 43(1)
Void marriages under FC 54, 36
Voidable marriages

(b) Born during marriage

(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC 40
(d) Adopted children
(e) Legitimated children
2. Rights of legitimate children
FC 173-174
NCC 364, 374, 376
NCC 888, NCC 979
Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282
Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Marquino vs IAC, 233 SCRA 348
Ong vs CA, 272 SCRA 725
Rep vs. CA, 300 SCRA 138
De la Cruz vs. Gracia, GR No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Continental Steel vs. Montano, GR 182836, October 13, 2009
49

C. Illegitimate children
1. Who are considered illegitimate
(a) Under NCC
(b) Under FC 165
Joanie Surposa Uy vs. Jose Ngo Chua, GR No. 183965, September 18, 2009
2. Rights of illegitimate children
FC 175 - 176
Osmena de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222
Jao vs CA, 152 SCRA 359
Uyguangco vs CA, 178 SCRA 684
Mangulabnan v. IAC 185 SCRA 760
Mendoza vs. Court of Appeals, 201 SCRA 675, September 24, 1994
Lim vs. Court of Appeals, 270 SCRA 1, March 18, 1997
Tijing vs CA, 2001
Eceta vs. Eceta, 428 SCRA 782, May 20, 2004
Briones vs. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004
Cabatania vs. Court of Appeals, 441 SCRA 96, October 21, 2004
Agustin vs. Court of Appeals, 460 SCRA 315, June 15, 2005
Alba vs. Herrera, GR No. 148220, July 29, 2005
Angeles vs. Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363, September 2, 2005
Guy vs CA, GR No. 163707, Sept. 15, 2006
Verceles vs. Posada, G.R. No. 161338, April 27, 2007
People vs Umanito, GR No. 172607, Oct. 26, 2007
Montefalcon v Vasquez, GR No. 165016, June 17, 2008
Heirs of Maramag vs. de Guzman, GR No. 181132, June 5, 2009
Go vs. Ramos, GR No. 167569, September 4, 2009
Joanie Surposa Uy vs. Jose Ngo Chua, GR No. 183965, September 18, 2009
DOJ Opinion No. 11 Series of 1990
DOJ Opinion No. 4, Series of 1998

50

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

1. Grounds
FC 166
Memorize!
(a) Physical impossibility of access
Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165
Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Ong vs. Court of Appeals, 272 SCRA 725
Concepcion vs. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005
(b) Biological or other scientific grounds
A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC (RULE ON DNA Evidence) effective October 15,
2007
Jao v. CA, 152 SCRA 359
People v. Tumimpad, 235 SCRA 483
People v. Quitoriano, G.R. No. 118852, Jan. 20, 1997
Tijing vs CA, 2001
Herrera vs. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Agustin, June 15, 2005
Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Minor Joanne Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
(c) FC 166(3)
2. Effect of a mothers declaration
FC167
Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18
Rodriguez v CA 245 SCRA 150
3. In subsequent marriages
FC 168, 169
People v. Quitoriano, G.R. No. 118852, Jan. 20, 1997
51

4. Presumptions
FC 170, 171
Cobatbat-Lim vs IAC, 166 SCRA 451
5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy
Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163
6. Who may impugn
Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468
Lim v. IAC, 166 SCRA 451
Liyao, Jr. vs. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563
E. Proof of Filiation
1. Of legitimate children
FC 172-173
Diaz vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Reyes v. CA, 135 SCRA 439
Tison vs. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Jison vs. Court of Appeals, 286 SCRA 495, February 24, 1998
Labagala vs. Santiago, 371 SCRA 360
Tecson vs. COMELEC, Poe, et al., G.R. No. 161434, Mar. 3, 2004
De Jesus vs. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Agustin vs. Court of Appeals, 460 SCRA 315, June 15, 2005
Ong vs. Diaz, December 17, 2007
2. Of illegitimate children
FC 175
Castro v. CA, 173 SCRA 656
Lim v. CA, 65 SCRA 160
Banas v. Banas, 134 SCRA 260
52

In re Christensen, 102 Phil 1055

Ilano v. CA 231 SCRA 242
Baluyut v. Baluyut, 186 SCRA 506
Mendoza v. CA, 201 SCRA 675
Marquino v. IAC, 233 SCRA 348 (1994)
Fernandez v. CA, 230 SCRA 130
Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA 495
Eceta vs. Eceta, G.R. No. 157037, May 20, 2004
Heirs of Gabatan vs. CA, GR No. 150206, March 13, 2009
Jenie San Juan Dela Cruz et. Al. vs. Ronald Paul S. Gracia, GR No. 177728,
July 31, 2009
Joselito Musni Puno v. Puno Enterprises, Inc., GR No. 17706, September 11,
2009
Nepomuceno vs. Lopez, GR No. 181258, March 18, 2010
3. Rights of illegitimate children
FC 176
Liyao vs. Liyao, 378 SCRA 563, March 7, 2002
Republic vs. Capote, February 2, 2007
Go vs. Ramos, GR 167569, September 4, 2009
4. Compulsory recognition
cf. RPC 345, 46, 59
Solinap vs. Locsin, 371 SCRA 711
Pp vs. Delantar, G.R. No. 169143, February 2, 2007
Gapusan v. CA, 183 SCRA 160
People v. Barranco, 177 SCRA 103
Dempsey v. RTC, 164 SCRA 384
People v. Bayani, G.R. No. 120894 Oct. 3, 1996
People vs. Magtibay, G.R. No. 142985. Aug. 6, 2002
People vs. Abella, GR No. 177295, January 6, 2010
Egap Madsali, Sajiron Lajim and Maron Lajim v. People of the Philippines,
GR No. 179570, February 4, 2010

53

F. Legitimated Children
1. Who may be legitimated --- FC 177
Abadilla vs Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447
2. How legitimation takes place
FC 178, FC 180
3. Retroactivity and effects
FC 180-181
DOJ Opinion No. 106 Series of 1991
4. Action to impugn legitimation --- FC 182
5. Rights of legitimated children --- FC179

XII. ADOPTION
Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
R.A. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)
A. Requisites to be an adopter
1. Age and capacity required
Sec. 7
2. Husband and wife jointly
Sec. 7
Republic v. CA, 205 SCRA 356
In re: Petition for adoption of Michelle Lim, GR No. 168992, May 21, 2009
3. Need for consent --- Sec. 9
Santos v. Aransanzo, 16 SCRA 344
Daoang v. Municipal Judge, 159 SCRA 369
Duncan v. CFI, 69 SCRA 298
54

Landingin vs. RP, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006

4. Aliens as adopters
Sec. 7 (b)
Pardo de Tavera v. Cacdac, 167 SCRA 626
Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9
R.A. 8043, The Law on Inter-Country Adoption
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)
B. Who may not adopt
C. Who may be adopted
D. Who may not be adopted
E. Procedure in adoption

RA No. 9523, March 12, 2009

An Act Requiring Certification of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) to Declare a Child Legally Available for Adoption
as a Prerequisite for Adoption Proceedings

F. Effects of a decree of adoption

1. On status
2. On parental authority
Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
3. On hereditary rights
4. On name

55

IN THE Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454 SCRA 541

G. Rescission of adoption
Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003
1. By the adopted
2. By the adopter/s
3. Effects of rescission

56

XIII. SUPPORT
A. What comprises support --- FC 194
B. Who are obliged to provide support
FC 195, 196
Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453
Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803
De Asis vs. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
De Guzman vs. Perez, 496 SCRA 474
Joanie Surposa Uy vs. Jose Ngo Chua, GR No. 183965, September 18, 2009
Egap Madsali, Sajiron Lajim and Maron Lajim v. People of the Philippines,
GR No. 179570, February 4, 2010
C. Source of Support
FC 197-198, cf. FC 49, 70, 94, 122
Lam vs. Chua, 2004
Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440
Reyes vs Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803
D. Order of Support
FC 199, 200
Mangonon vs. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006
Spouses Lim vs. Lim, GR No. 163209, October 30, 2009
E. Manner and time of payment
FC 200-204
Canonizado v. Benitez, 127 SCRA 610
F. Amount of support
FC 200-208
Lacson vs. Lacson, G.R.No. 150644, August 28, 2006
Sy vs CA. Dec. 27, 2009
G. Renunciation and Termination
NCC 2035; FC 194
H. Support pendente lite --- FC 198; RoC Rule 61
I. Procedure in applications for support --- Rule 61
57

XIV. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

A. Concept of parental authority
FC 209
Medina vs. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969
Unson vs. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
Lacson vs. Lacson, 24 SCRA 837
Soriano vs. Laguardia, GR No. 164785, April 29, 2009
Bagtas vs. Hon. Ruth Santos, GR No. 166682, November 27, 2009
B. Transfer of PA
FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234
Eslao vs CA, 266 SCRA 317
C. Who exercises PA
FC 211-213 cf. FC 49, 102(6) and 63(2)
FC 176
Hontiveros v. IAC 132 SCRA 745
Unson v. Navarro 101 SCRA 183
Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640(1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054(1995)
Sagala-Eslao v. Cordero-Ouye, G.R. 116773, Jan. 16, 1997
Bondagjy vs. Bondagjy, 371 SCRA 642
Pp vs. Glabo, 371 SCRA 567
Vancil vs. Belmes, 358 SCRA 707
David vs. CA, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995
Sombong vs. CA,G.R. No. 111876, Jan. 31, 1996
Tonog vs. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Laxamana vs. Laxamana, 388 SCRA 296
Roehr vs Rodriguez, 404 SCRA 495
Briones vs. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
Silva vs. CA, 275 SCRA 604
Salientes vs Salientes, 500 SCRA 128
Sy vs CA, GR No. 162938, Dec. 27,2007
Spouses Lim vs. Lim, GR No. 163209, October 30, 2009
58

D. Substitute PA
FC 214-216
FC 233
Vancil vs Belmes, 358 SCRA 707
E. Special PA
FC 218-219
FC 233
cf. FC 221 in rel. to NCC 2180
Palisoc v. Brilliantes, 41 SCRA 548
Pasco vs. CFI Bulacan, April 25, 1988
Amadora v. CA, 160 SCRA 315
Salvosa v. IAC, 166 SCRA 274
PSBA vs. CA, February 4, 1992
Saludaga vs. FEU, 30 April 08
St. Francis High School v. CA, 194 SCRA 341
St. Marys Academy vs. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, February 6, 2002
Child Learning Centre vs. Tagario, GR 150920, Nov. 25, 2005
School of the Holy Spirit vs. Taguiam, GR 165565, July 14, 2008
F. Filial Privilege
FC215
ROC Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23
G. Effects of PA over the childs person
FC 220-222
FC 223-224
Medina v. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502
Lunav. IAC, 137 SCRA 7
Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160
R.A. 7610, The Child Abuse Law

59

G. Effects of PA over the childs property

FC 225-227
Pineda vs CA, 226 SCRA 754
RA 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C
Sec. 12-B. Ownership, Usage and Administration of the Working Child's Income. - The wages,
salaries, earnings and other income of the working child shall belong to him/her in ownership and
shall be set aside primarily for his/her support, education or skills acquisition and secondarily to the
collective needs of the family: Provided, That not more than twenty percent (20%) of the child's
income may be used for the collective needs of the family.
"The income of the working child and/or the property acquired through the work of the child shall
be administered by both parents. In the absence or incapacity of either of the parents, the other
parent shall administer the same. In case both parents are absent or incapacitated, the order of
preference on parental authority as provided for under the Family Code shall apply.
"Sec. 12-C. Trust Fund to Preserve Part of the Working Child's Income. - The parent or legal
guardian of a working child below eighteen (18) years of age shall set up a trust fund for at least
thirty percent (30%) of the earnings of the child whose wages and salaries from work and other
income amount to at least two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) annually, for which he/she
shall render a semi-annual accounting of the fund to the Department of Labor and Employment, in
compliance with the provisions of this Act. The child shall have full control over the trust fund upon
reaching the age of majority.

Lindain v. CA, 212 SCRA 725

Badillo vs. Ferrer, 152 SCRA 407

H. Suspension or termination of PA
1. Permanent termination
FC 228, 232 cf. RA 6809
2. Non-permanent termination
FC 229 cf. FC 193

60

RA 8552 re: parental authority and revocation of adoption

3. Suspension of PA, FC 231 - 230
Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791
De Guzman vs Perez, 496 SCRA 474
4. Revival
See:
R.A. 8369, An Act Establishing Family Courts, Granting Them
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases.
See: RA. 7610, Child Abuse Act

61

XV.

EMANCIPATION

RA 6809
A. Cause of emancipation
FC 234 as amended
B. Effect of emancipation
FC 236 as amended
cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

XVI. SURNAMES
NCC 364-380
RA 9255
Naldoza v. Republic, supra
Johnston v. Republic, 7 SCRA 1040
Ng Yao Sing v. Republic 16 SCRA 483
Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29
Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
Yasin v Hon Judge Sharia Court G R No 94986 (1995)
In the Matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G R No
148311, March 31, 2005
In Re Change of Name, Julainan Carulasan Wang, GR No 159966 March 30,
2005
Gonzaludo vs. People, GR 150910, February 6, 2006
Remo vs. DFA, March 5, 2010

XVII. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT

NCC 381-396,
FC 41
Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65
Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Tol-Noquera v. Villamor, 211 SCRA 616
62

Manuel vs. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005

Olaguer vs. Purugganan, G.R. No. 158907, February 12, 2007
XVIII. FUNERALS
NCC 305-310
Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425
XIX. ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER
NCC 407-413
ROC, Rule 108
RA 9048
Barretto vs Local Civil registrar, 74 SCRA 257
Republic vs Dela Cruz, 118 SCRA 18
Repubic vs Flojo, 152 SCRA 550
Republic v. Sayo, 188 SCRA 634
Republic v Valencia, 141 SCRA 462
Republic v Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Sermonia vs CA, 233 SCRA 155
Zapanta v Registrar, 237 SCRA 25
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Lee et al vs CA, 367 SCRA 110
Eloisida vs Local Civil Registry, 382 SCRA 23
Barco vs CA GR No 120587,Jan 20,2004
Republic vs Benemerito, GR NO 146963, March 14, 2004
Ceruila vs Delantar, 477 SCRA 134
Silverio vs. RP, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Republic vs. Capote, G.R. No. 157043, February 2,2007
Republic s KHO, GR No. No. 170340. June 29, 2007
Republic vs. Jennifer Cagandahan, , G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12, 2008
Jenie San Juan Dela Cruz et. Al. vs. Ronald Paul S. Gracia, GR No. 177728,
July 31, 2009
Ma. Cristina Torres Braza vs. The City Civil Registrar, GR No. 181174, Dec.
4, 2009

63