V

- - - - +
- V
- - V

+
V

V
V

- - +
V
+
V
V
V
V
V

(+)

V
V
V

- - V
V
-

- - + V
- + +
- V V
+
- +
- + - + +
- - W

+
+
V
+
V
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

V
+
V
+
V
V
(V)
+
(+)
+
(V)
+
+

V
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

V
+
+

V
V
+

V
+
(V)

- - - - - - - + - V V V
W

+
V
V
V
+
V
(V)
V
V
V

+
+
V
(V) + (V)
+ (V) (V)

V
+
+
+
+

+
V
(V)
+
V
+
+

- - - - (V) +
- +
V
- - - - - + + + + + - - +
V
V
- - - - - + +
V
V
+
V
- - V - - - - -

w = weak reaction
( ) = delayed reaction

V
V

V
V
+

V
(V)
+

+
+
+

+
+
+

(V)

- - - - - - - - - V
V
- V (V) V - +
V
V
- V + - +
+
+
+
+
+
- +
+
- - + + - +
+
+
- V - - - - -

- - -

24
+
+

25
+
+

26
+
+

27
+
+

28
V
+
V

pestis

V
V
V

pseudotuberculosis

23

V
+
+

22
+
+

Yersinia
enterocolitica

21

stuartii

20

VW
V
V

- = less than 10% positive

+ = 90% or more positive
V = 10 to 89% positive

19

alcalifaciens

18

- - - - -

Providencia

rettgeri

17

mirabilis

+
+

16
V
V
+
+

vulgaris

+
+

15
V
V
V
V

rubidaea

- - - - - - - V - + + + +
+
+
W +
+
- - V
V
V
+
- - - +
+
+
+
+
+
+
- - - (+) - - V +
+
+
+
- - - +
(V)
(V)
V (V) +
+
+
+
V
+
+
- - - - - - - - - - + V + - +
+
+
- + + + + +
- - - - - + - V
V
+
- + + + + +
- V - - V V - V
- V - - - - - +
- - - V (V) V V +
- + + + + + + +
- - - - V - - +
- + - + + + + +
- - - - V (V) (+) +
- + + + + + + +
- - - - V V V +

14

- - -

liquefaciens

V
+
+

13

Proteus

marcescens

12
+
V
+
+

Hafnia alvei

gergoviae

10
+
+

11

9
+
+

sakazakii

Serratia

agglomerans

aerogenes

pneumoniae

- - - -

cloacae

amalonaticus

oxytoca

diversus

freundii

V
- V
V
-

4
+
+

Enterobacter

Klebsiella

arizonae

Edwardsiella tarda

3
V
+

Citrobacter

typhi

Salmonella

Typical

1
+
+

Other

Indole
Methyl Red
Voges-Proskauer
Simmons' Citrate
Hydrogen Sulfide
Urea
Motility
Gelatin
Lysine Decarboxylase
Arginine Dihydrolase
Ornithine Decarboxylase
Phenylalanine
Malonate
Gas from Glucose
Acid from Adonitol
Arabinose
Dulcitol
Inositol
Lactose
Mannitol
Raffinose
Rhamnose
Salicin
Sorbitol
Sucrose

sonnei

Escherichia coli

Shigella

Morganella morganii

Differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae by Biochemical Tests

29 30

- +

- - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - +
+
- V + + V
+
+
V
V
V
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
- - - + - +
+
+
+
- - - - - - - - V
V
V
- - - +
+
- - - - - - - + (V) +
- - - - - - - + - + (V) - - - - - - - - + - V + + +
- - - - - - - V - - - + - V - - V + +
- - - - + - V
- V V V + - -

Source: Difco Manual

Tenth edition
page 836