Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definisi
Asphyxia can literally be translated from the
Greek as meaning 'absence of pulse', but is
usually the term given to deaths due to 'anoxia'
or 'hypoxia'.
Hypoxia : A condition of insufficient oxygen and
accumulating carbon dioxide in the blood and
tissues due to interference with respiration
Asphyxia results in cardiopulmonary arrest.
4 tahap Asfiksia :
Tahap dispneu
Tahap konvulsi
Tahap apneu
Tahap akhir
Petechial haemorrhagi
Petechial Hemorrhages
Small pin-point collections of blood lying in the
skin, sclera or conjunctivae and under
thethoracic serous membranes.
A common misnomer is that they occur from
the rupture of capillaries, when they in fact
come from rupture of venules. Capillaries
would be visible to the naked eye.
Most commonly seen of the face and eyes
Significance of Petechiae
Also known as ocular Petechiae
It is important to point out that appearance of
Petechiae must be noted but not always as an
indicator to asphyxia.
Position of the body after death as well as an
enumerable amount of other factors can lead to
the appearance of Petechiae.
Typically, Petechiae are used in conjunction with
other evidence to indicated asphyxia.
Sianosis
Cyanosis
Cyanosis is derived from the Greek word for
Dark Blue.
The color of blood depends on the absolute
quantity of oxyhemoglobin and reduced
hemoglobin present in the erythrocytes.
Constriction of the neck traps venous blood with
decreased oxygenated hemoglobin, which leads
to the bluish color.
Cyanosis may be overshadowed by hypostasis
Klasifikasi hipoksia
Hipoksia hipoksik
O2 tdk dapat mencapai darah karena
kurangnya O2 yg masuk paru/pembuluh paru.
Hipoksia anemik
Darah tidak dapat menyerap O2 krn adanya
ikatan yg kuat antara CO dg Hb ( keracunan CO )
atau karena anemia berat.
Hipoksia stagnan
Karena kegagalan sirkulasi
Hipoksia histotoksik
Jaringan tidak mampu menyerap oksigen (
keracunan sianida )
Hipoksia hipoksik
Kurangnya tekanan oksigen di udara luar (sufokasi )
Obstruksi pada traktus respiratorius krn sebab
mekanik dari luar ( Strangulation, smothering ) atau
dalam ( Chocking / gagging ) maupun krn penyakit (
status asmatikus,dll )
Terbatasnya gerakan nafas di dada
Akibat tekanan mekanik (crush asphyxia, mugging),
krn kerusakan batang otak / medula spinalis,
ataupun krn obat golongan kurare.
Penyakit paru yg menghalangi pertukaran gas
antara alveoli dan kapiler ( pneumonia, edema
pulmo, ARDS, fibrosis difus dll )
Drowning
Asfiksia mekanik
Sufokasi
Strangulation : hanging, strangulation by
ligature, manual strangulation.
Smothering
Choking / gagging
Drowning
Crush asphyxia
Sufokasi
Hanging
Vagal reflex
Kompresi vena
jugularis
Kompresi arteri
carotis
Obstruksi jalan
nafas
Erotic asphyxia
Manual strangulation
Manual strangulation
Manual strangulation
Manual strangulation
Ligature strangulation
Ligature strangulation
Smothering
Choking
Crush asphyxia
TENGGELAM
Definisi :
Hidung dan mulut masuk ke dalam air, sehingga air
masuk ke dalam paru-paru.
Mekanisme :
Tidak harus seluruh tubuh masuk ke dlm air
Di kolam, sungai, laut
Di bak mandi, ember berisi air
Jumlah cairan : 2 liter (dewasa) / 40 cc (anak-anak)
Bentuk tenggelam :
3.
4.
Teknik otopsi
Sianida
Degradasi Sianida
Dosis besar :
sianida bebas selain berikatan dengan methHB
juga ada yang akan masuk ke jaringan tubuh
Di dalam jaringan, sianida berikatan dengan
sitokrom a/a3 dan membentuk kompleks CNsitokrom oksidase-Fe3+
Kompleks ini akan menghalangi rantai transport
elektron sehingga respirasi metabolik akan
terhambat
Hal ini menyebabkan berkurangnya oksigenasi
jaringan, mencegah fosforilasi oksidasi ADP
menjadi ATP dan meningkatkan PO2 vena.