Chapter 5 Cost Behavior: Analysis and Use

Chapter 5
Cost Behavior: Analysis and Use

True/False
1.Avariablecostisacostthatremainsconstantintotalthroughoutwiderangesofactivity.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:F
2.Iftheactivitylevelincreases,thenonewouldexpectthevariablecostperunittoincreaseaswell.
Level:MediumLO:1Ans:F
3.Fixedcostsexpressedonaperunitbasisvaryinverselywithchangesinactivity.
Level:MediumLO:1Ans:T
4.Calculationoffixedcostsonaperunitbasisiscriticalforinternalreportingtomanagers.
5.Managementsstrategywilldeterminetoalargedegreetheclassificationofafixedcostas
discretionaryorcommitted.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:T
6.Committedfixedcostscannotbereducedtozerowithoutseriouslyimpairingthecompanyslongterm
goals.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:T
7.Unlessthebehaviorpatternofeachcostofacompanyisunderstood,theimpactofacompanys
activitiesonitscostswillnotbeknownuntilaftertheactivityhasoccurred.
8.Whenusingthehighlowmethod,ifthehighandlowactivitylevelsdonotcoincidewiththehighand
lowlevelsofcost,thentheanalystshouldusethepointswiththehighandlowlevelsofcost.
9.Atraditionalfunctionalincomestatementorganizescostsonthebasisofbehavior.
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:F
10.Thecontributionincomestatementorganizescostsaccordingtobehavior.
Brewer,IntroductiontoManagerialAccounting,3/e
174
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:T
175
11.Thecontributionmarginrepresentstheamountavailabletocontributetowardcoveringfixedexpenses
andtowardprofitsfortheperiod.
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:T
12.Mostcompaniesusethecontributionapproachinpreparingfinancialstatementsforexternalreporting
purposes.
13.Theleastsquaresregressionmethodcomputestheregressionlinethatminimizesthesumofthe
squareddeviationsfromtheplottedpointstotheline.
14.Accountanalysisisaspecialformofleastsquaresregressioninwhichmorethanoneaccountis
analysedatthesametime.
Level:EasyLO:6Ans:F
15.Theinventoryvalueshownonthebalancesheetisgenerallyhigherunderabsorptioncostingthan
undervariablecosting.
16.Undervariablecosting,inventoriableproductcostsconsistofdirectmaterials,directlabor,variable
manufacturingoverheadandvariablesellingandadministrationexpenses.
17.Undervariablecosting,anincreaseinthefixedfactoryoverheadwillhavenoeffectontheunit
productcost.
18.Undertheabsorptioncostingmethod,aportionoffixedmanufacturingoverheadcostisallocatedto
eachunitofproduct.
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:T
19.Undervariablecosting,itispossibletodeferaportionofthefixedmanufacturingoverheadcostsof
thecurrentperiodtofutureperiodsthroughtheinventoryaccount.
20.Underabsorptioncosting,aportionoffixedmanufacturingoverheadcostisreleasedfrominventory
whensalesvolumeexceedsproductionvolume.
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177
21.Contributionmarginandgrossmarginmeanthesamething.
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:F
22.Whenreconcilingvariablecostingandabsorptioncostingnetoperatingincome,fixedmanufacturing
overheadcostsdeferredininventoryunderabsorptioncostingshouldbedeductedfromvariablecosting
netoperatingincometoarriveattheabsorptioncostingnetoperatingincome.
23.Ifproductionequalssalesfortheperiod,absorptioncostingandvariablecostingwillproducethe
samenetoperatingincomeunderLIFO.
24.Whenthenumberofunitsininventoriesdecreasebetweenthebeginningandendoftheperiod,
absorptioncostingnetoperatingincomewilltypicallybegreaterthanvariablecostingnetoperating
income.
25.Whenviewedoverthelongterm,accumulatednetoperatingincomewillbethesameforvariableand
absorptioncostingiftherearenoendinginventoriesattheendoftheterm.
Level:HardLO:5Ans:T
26.Underabsorptioncosting,theprofitforaperiodisnotaffectedbychangesininventory.
MultipleChoice
27.Asthelevelofactivityincreases,howwillamixedcostintotalandperunitbehave?
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
E)Eabove
Level:HardLO:1Ans:A
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179
28.SinceAnytimePizzaisopen24hoursaday,itspizzaovenisconstantlyonandis,therefore,always
usingnaturalgas.However,whenthereisnopizzaintheoven,theovenautomaticallylowersitsflame
andreducesitsnaturalgasusageby70%.Thecostofnaturalgaswouldbestbedescribedasa:
A)fixedcost.
B)mixedcost.
C)stepvariablecost.
D)truevariablecost.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
29.Whentheactivitylevelisexpectedtodeclinewithintherelevantrange,whateffectswouldbe
anticipatedwithrespecttoeachofthefollowing?
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
E)Eabove
Source:CPA,adapted
Level:MediumLO:1Ans:B
30.Withintherelevantrange,variablecostscanbeexpectedto:
A)varyintotalindirectproportiontochangesintheactivitylevel.
B)remainconstantintotalastheactivitylevelchanges.
C)increaseonaperunitbasisastheactivitylevelincreases.
D)increaseonaperunitbasisastheactivityleveldecreases.
E)noneofthese.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:A
31.Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrectwhenreferringtofixedcosts?
A)Whetheracostiscommittedordiscretionarywilldependinlargepartonmanagementsstrategy.
B)Discretionaryfixedcostsarisefromannualdecisionsbymanagement.
C)Fixedcostsremainconstantintotalthroughouttherelevantrange.
D)Committedfixedcostscanoftenbereducedtozeroforshortperiodsoftimewithoutseriously
impairingthelongrungoalsofthecompany.
E)Thetrendincompaniestodayistowardgreaterfixedcostsrelativetovariablecosts.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
180
32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruewhenreferringtofixedcosts?
A)Committedfixedcostsarisefromtheannualdecisionsbymanagement.
B)Asvolumeincreases,unitfixedcostandtotalfixedcostwillchange.
C)Fixedcostsincreaseintotalthroughouttherelevantrange.
D)Discretionaryfixedcostscanoftenbereducedtozeroforshortperiodsoftimewithoutseriously
impairingthelongrungoalsofthecompany.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
33.Forthepast8months,JinanCorporationhasexperiencedasteadyincreaseinitscostperuniteven
thoughtotalcostshaveremainedstableThiscostperunitincreasemaybedueto_____________costs
becausethelevelofactivityatJinanis_______________.
A)fixed,decreasing
B)fixed,increasing
C)variable,decreasing
D)variable,increasing
Level:MediumLO:1Ans:A
34.Discretionaryfixedcosts:
A)cannotbechangedsincetheyarefixed.
B)havealongtermplanninghorizon,generallyencompassingmanyyears.
C)aremadeupoffacilities,equipment,andbasicorganization.
D)responsesbandcarebothcorrect.
E)noneofthese.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:E
35.Anexampleofacommittedfixedcostis:
A)managementtrainingseminars.
B)alongtermequipmentlease.
C)researchanddevelopment.
D)advertising.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
36.Whichofthefollowingwouldusuallybeconsideredacommittedfixedcostforaretailsales
corporation?
A)leasepaymentsmadeonitsstorebuildings
B)thecostoftheCaribbeantripgiventotheemployeeoftheyear
C)thecostofrunninganannualleadershipseminarformanagers
D)bothaandcabove
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37.Whichofthefollowingwouldusuallybeconsideredadiscretionaryfixedcostforafinancialplanning
company?
A)thecostoftheannualemployeepicnic
B)propertytaxesonitscorporateofficebuilding
C)thecostofinternshipsforselectedcollegeseniors
D)bothaandcabove
Level:MediumLO:1Ans:D
38.Whichofthefollowingisunlikelytobeclassifiedasafixedcostwithrespecttothenumberofunits
producedandsold?
A)Propertytaxesonaheadquartersbuilding.
B)Legaldepartmentsalaries.
C)Costofleasingthecompanysmainframecomputer.
D)Productionsupplies.
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
39.Thefollowingdatahavebeencollectedforfourdifferentcostitems.
Whichofthefollowingclassificationsofthesecostitemsbycostbehavioriscorrect?
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
E)Eabove
Source:CIMA,adapted
Level:HardLO:1Ans:B
182
40.Whichofthefollowingmethodsofanalyzingmixedcostscanbeusedtoestimateanequationforthe
mixedcost?
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
E)Eabove
Level:EasyLO:2,5Ans:A
41.Indescribingthecostformulaequation,Y=a+bX,whichofthefollowingiscorrect:
A)Yistheindependentvariable.
B)aisthevariablecostperunit.
C)aandbarevalidforalllevelsofactivity.
D)inthehighlowmethod,bequalsthechangeincostdividedbythechangeinactivity.
42.Thehighlowmethodisusedwithwhichofthefollowingtypesofcosts?
A)Variable.
B)Mixed.
C)Fixed.
D)Stepvariable.
43.Thecontributionapproachincomestatement:
A)organizescostsonafunctionalbasis.
B)providesownerswithmorecashflows.
C)isparticularlyhelpfultothemanagerinplanninganddecisionmaking.
D)providesagrossmarginfigurefromwhichsellingandadministrativeexpensesarededucted.
E)noneofthese.
Level:MediumLO:4Ans:C
44.Contributionmarginis:
A)Saleslesscostofgoodssold.
B)Saleslessvariableproduction,variableselling,andvariableadministrativeexpenses.
C)Saleslessvariableproductionexpense.
D)Saleslessallvariableandfixedexpenses.
183
E)noneoftheabove.
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:B
184
45.Thecontributionapproachtoincomestatementpreparation:
A)organizescostsaccordingtothefunctionsofproduction,administration,andsales.
B)isusedforexternalreporting.
C)organizescostsaccordingtotheirvariableandfixedcostbehavior.
D)bothbandcaretrue.
E)bothaandbaretrue
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:C
46.Undervariablecosting,fixedmanufacturingoverheadis:
A)carriedinaliabilityaccount.
B)carriedinanassetaccount.
C)ignored.
D)immediatelyexpensedasaperiodcost.
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
47.Whichofthefollowingistrueofacompanythatusesabsorptioncosting?
A)Netoperatingincomefluctuatesdirectlywithchangesinsalesvolume.
B)Fixedproductionandfixedsellingcostsareconsideredtobeproductcosts.
C)Unitproductcostscanchangeasaresultofchangesinthenumberofunitsmanufactured.
D)Variablesellingexpensesareincludedinproductcosts.
48.Underabsorptioncosting,fixedmanufacturingoverheadcosts:
A)aredeferredininventorywhenproductionexceedssales.
B)arealwaystreatedasperiodcosts.
C)arereleasedfrominventorywhenproductionexceedssales.
D)noneofthese.
49.Whichofthefollowingcostsatamanufacturingcompanywouldbetreatedasaproductcostunder
bothabsorptioncostingandvariablecosting?
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
185
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
186
50.Underabsorptioncosting,productcostsinclude:
A)Aabove
B)Babove
C)Cabove
D)Dabove
Source:CPA,adapted
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
51.Whichofthefollowingareincludedinproductcostsundervariablecosting?
A)I,II,andIII.
B)IandIII.
C)IandII.
D)I.
52.Undervariablecosting:
A)netoperatingincomewilltendtomoveupanddowninresponsetochangesinlevelsofproduction.
B)inventorycostswillbelowerthanunderabsorptioncosting.
C)netoperatingincomewilltendtovaryinverselywithproductionchanges.
D)netoperatingincomewillalwaysbehigherthanunderabsorptioncosting.
53.Inanincomestatementpreparedusingthevariablecostingmethod,fixedsellingandadministrative
expenseswould:
A)beusedinthecomputationofthecontributionmargin.
B)beusedinthecomputationofnetoperatingincomebutnotinthecomputationofthecontribution
margin.
C)betreatedthesameasvariablemanufacturingexpenses.
D)notbeused.
Source:CPA,adapted
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188
54.Inanincomestatementpreparedusingthevariablecostingmethod,fixedmanufacturingoverhead
would:
A)notbeused.
B)beusedinthecomputationofthecontributionmargin.
C)beusedinthecomputationofnetoperatingincomebutnotinthecomputationofthecontribution
margin.
D)betreatedthesameasvariablemanufacturingoverhead.
Source:CPA,adapted
55.Inanincomestatementpreparedasaninternalreportusingvariablecosting,variablesellingand
administrativeexpenseswould:
A)notbeused.
B)beusedinthecomputationofthecontributionmargin.
C)beusedinthecomputationofnetoperatingincomebutnotinthecomputationofthecontribution
margin.
D)betreatedthesameasfixedsellingandadministrativeexpenses.
56.Whenproductionexceedssales,thenetoperatingincomereportedunderabsorptioncostinggenerally
willbe:
A)lessthannetoperatingincomereportedundervariablecosting.
B)greaterthannetoperatingincomereportedundervariablecosting.
C)equaltonetoperatingincomereportedundervariablecosting.
D)higherorlowerbecausenogeneralizationcanbemade.
57.Whensalesexceedproduction,thenetoperatingincomereportedundervariablecostinggenerally
willbe:
A)lessthannetoperatingincomereportedunderabsorptioncosting.
B)greaterthannetoperatingincomereportedunderabsorptioncosting.
C)equaltonetoperatingincomereportedunderabsorptioncosting.
D)higherorlowerbecausenogeneralizationcanbemade.
58.Asingleproductcompanypreparesincomestatementsusingbothabsorptionandvariablecosting
methods.Manufacturingoverheadcostappliedperunitproducedunderabsorptioncostinginyear2was
thesameasinyear1.Theyear2variablecostingstatementreportedaprofitwhereastheyear2
absorptioncostingstatementreportedaloss.Thedifferenceinreportedincomecouldbeexplainedby
unitsproducedinyear2being:
A)Lessthanunitssoldinyear2.
B)Lessthantheactivitylevelusedforallocatingoverheadtotheproduct.
C)Inexcessoftheactivitylevelusedforallocatingoverheadtotheproduct.
D)Inexcessofunitssoldinyear2.
189
Source:CPA,adapted
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
190
59.IaciCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowing
costdatafortwolevelsofmonthlysalesvolume.Thecompanysellstheproductfor$133.60perunit.
Thebestestimateofthetotalcontributionmarginwhen4,300unitsaresoldis:
A)$112,230
B)$162,110
C)$28,380
D)$45,150
Level:MediumLO:1,3,4Ans:A
60.IacobCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowing
Thebestestimateofthetotalcontributionmarginwhen5,300unitsaresoldis:
A)$56,710
B)$133,560
C)$41,340
D)$213,590
Level:MediumLO:1,3,4Ans:B
61.ShippingcostsatColumbiaMiningCompanyareamixtureofvariableandfixedcomponentsThe
companyshipped8,000tonsofcoalfor$400,000inshippingcostsinFebruaryand10,000tonsfor
$499,000inMarchAssumingthatthisactivityiswithintherelevantrange,expectedshippingcostsfor
11,000tonswouldbe:
A)$544,500
B)$548,500
C)$422,222
D)$554,000
Level:EasyLO:1,3Ans:B
191
62.AndersonCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
monthlyproductionvolume.Thecompanyproducesasingleproduct.
Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedmanufacturingcostis:
A)$388,000
B)$954,800
C)$376,000
D)$328,000
Level:HardLO:1,3Ans:D
63.AndomCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
A)$74,800
B)$54,100
C)$99,800
D)$33,400
64.BakerCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablemanufacturingcostperunitis:
A)$89.50
B)$18.40
C)$71.10
D)$30.90
Level:HardLO:1,3Ans:A
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193
65.BakanCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
A)$126.60
B)$86.30
C)$13.90
D)$112.70
66.CardivCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
Thebestestimateofthetotalcosttomanufacture4,300unitsisclosestto:
A)$877,200
B)$909,400
C)$901,925
D)$926,650
Level:HardLO:1,3Ans:B
67.CaracoCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsof
A)$1,487,375
B)$1,448,320
C)$1,500,750
D)$1,526,430
Level:HardLO:1,3Ans:C
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195
68.DavisCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
productionvolume.Thecompanyproducesasingleproduct.
A)$130,000
B)$177,600
C)$34,800
D)$225,200
Level:MediumLO:1,3Ans:C
69.DacostaCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsof
A)$1,599,000
B)$1,664,350
C)$814,800
D)$1,729,700
70.EddyCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
A)$22.90
B)$119.80
C)$142.70
D)$97.10
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197
71.EdalCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
A)$63.70
B)$84.40
C)$53.30
D)$20.70
Level:MediumLO:1,3Ans:B
72.FarmingtonCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsof
A)$1,162,350
B)$1,242,570
C)$1,222,515
D)$1,282,680
73.FaracCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
A)$674,890
B)$665,855
C)$695,740
D)$635,970
Level:MediumLO:1,3Ans:A
198
74.GambinoCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthe
followingcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthlysalesvolume.Thecompanysellstheproductfor$138.80
perunit.
Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedcostis:
A)$776,400
B)$340,200
C)$812,750
D)$849,100
75.GamachCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthe
followingcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthlysalesvolume.Thecompanysellstheproductfor$104.50
perunit.
Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedcostis:
A)$102,000
B)$518,900
C)$556,800
D)$481,000
76.HarrisCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowing
Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablecostperunitis:
A)$77.00
B)$57.00
C)$69.50
D)$78.50
199
77.HaraCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowing
Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablecostperunitis:
A)$77.00
B)$60.60
C)$149.10
D)$138.80
78.GiventhecostformulaY=$12,500+$5.00X,totalcostforanactivitylevelof4,000unitswouldbe:
A)$20,000
B)$12,500
C)$16,000
D)$32,500
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
79.GiventhecostformulaY=$13,000+$7.00X,thetotalcostforanactivitylevelof3,000unitswould
be:
A)$13,000
B)$21,000
C)$18,000
D)$34,000
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
80.Thefollowingdatapertainstoactivityandmaintenancecostsfortworecentyears:
Ifthehighlowmethodisusedtoseparatefixedandvariablecomponentsofthecost,whichofthe
followingstatementsiscorrect?
A)Thevariablecostis$0.70perunitofactivity
B)Thefixedcostis$2,050
C)Thevariablecostis$2.50perunitofactivity
D)Thefixedcostis$1,800
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:D
200
81.Thefollowingdatarelatetotwolevelsofactivityatanoutpatientclinicinahospital:
Thebestestimateofthevariablegeneraloverheadcostperpatientvisitisclosestto:
A)$15.50
B)$44.44
C)$59.94
D)$50.28
Source:CIMA,adapted
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:A
82.Atasaleslevelof$365,000,LewisCompanysgrossmarginis$20,000lessthanitscontribution
margin,itsnetoperatingincomeis$70,000,anditssellingandadministrativeexpensestotal$130,000At
thissaleslevel,itscontributionmarginwouldbe:
A)$295,000
B)$180,000
C)$220,000
D)$200,000
Level:HardLO:4Ans:C
83.KaelkerCorporationreportsthatatanactivitylevelof7,000units,itstotalvariablecostis$590,730
anditstotalfixedcostis$372,750.Whatwouldbethetotalcost,bothfixedandvariable,atanactivity
levelof7,100units?Assumethatthislevelofactivityiswithintherelevantrange.
A)$963,480
B)$977,244
C)$971,919
D)$970,362
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:C
84.Atanactivitylevelof6,900machinehoursinamonth,ZelinskiCorporationstotalvariable
maintenanceandrepaircostis$408,756anditstotalfixedmaintenanceandrepaircostis$230,253.What
wouldbethetotalmaintenanceandrepaircost,bothfixedandvariable,atanactivitylevelof7,100units
inamonth?Assumethatthislevelofactivityiswithintherelevantrange.
A)$648,270
B)$639,009
C)$650,857
D)$657,531
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:C
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85.Atanactivitylevelof4,000machinehoursinamonth,CurtCorporationstotalvariableproduction
engineeringcostis$154,200anditstotalfixedproductionengineeringcostis$129,000.Whatwouldbe
thetotalproductionengineeringcost,bothfixedandvariable,atanactivitylevelof4,300unitsina
month?Assumethatthislevelofactivityiswithintherelevantrange.
A)$68.33
B)$68.55
C)$70.80
D)$65.86
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
86.ElectricalcostsatoneofKantolaCorporationsfactoriesarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatelectricalcostisamixedcostthatdependsonmachinehours.Usingthehigh
lowmethodtoestimatethevariableandfixedcomponentsofthiscost,theseestimateswouldbeclosest
to:
A)$0.14permachinehour;$36,336permonth
B)$10.19permachinehour;$36,470permonth
C)$7.48permachinehour;$9,708permonth
D)$7.29permachinehour;$10,392permonth
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:D
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87.MaintenancecostsataWhetselCorporationfactoryarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatmaintenancecostisamixedcostthatdependsonmachinehours.Usingthe
highlowmethodtoestimatethevariableandfixedcomponentsofthiscost,theseestimateswouldbe
closestto:
A)$8.86permachinehour;$20,577permonth
B)$0.11permachinehour;$48,192permonth
C)$15.48permachinehour;$48,103permonth
D)$8.81permachinehour;$20,718permonth
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:A
88.SupplycostsatChobotCorporationschainofgymsarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatsupplycostisamixedcostthatdependsonclientvisits.Usingthehighlow
methodtoestimatethevariableandfixedcomponentsofthiscost,thoseestimateswouldbeclosestto:
A)$2.18perclientvisit;$26,745permonth
B)$1.01perclientvisit;$14,331permonth
C)$1.04perclientvisit;$13,949permonth
D)$0.99perclientvisit;$14,607permonth
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:B
203
89.DuntzCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowingfinancialdataforMarch:
Thecompanyhadnobeginningorendinginventories.ThecontributionmarginforMarchwas:
A)$353,000
B)$72,000
C)$190,000
D)$392,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:D
90.ThemanagementofTravillianCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowing
financialdataforJanuary:
ThecontributionmarginforJanuarywas:
A)$197,000
B)$206,000
C)$145,000
D)$32,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:A
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91.ThemanagementofCoulstonCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowing
dataforOctober:
ThecontributionmarginforOctoberwas:
A)$257,000
B)$310,000
C)$40,000
D)$140,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:B
92.GyroGearCompanyproducesasingleproduct,aspecialgearusedinautomatictransmissions.Each
gearsellsfor$28,andthecompanysells500,000gearseachyear.Unitcostdataarepresentedbelow:
Theunitproductcostofgearsundervariablecostingis:
A)$13
B)$20
C)$17
D)$27
Source:CPA,adapted
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
93.Acompanyproducesasingleproduct.Variableproductioncostsare$12perunitandvariableselling
andadministrativeexpensesare$3perunit.Fixedmanufacturingoverheadtotals$36,000andfixed
sellingandadministrationexpensestotal$40,000.Assumingabeginninginventoryofzero,productionof
4,000unitsandsalesof3,600units,thedollarvalueoftheendinginventoryundervariablecostingwould
be:
A)$4,800
B)$8,400
C)$6,000
D)$3,600
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
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94.Amanufacturingcompanythatproducesasingleproducthasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerning
itsmostrecentmonthofoperations:
Whatistheunitproductcostforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$106
B)$87
C)$96
D)$77
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
Whatistheunitproductcostforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$57
B)$53
C)$78
D)$82
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
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207
Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproach?
A)$179,000
B)$110,000
C)$115,000
D)$225,000
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
208
Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproach?
A)$101,400
B)$372,000
C)$317,400
D)$270,600
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
209
Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproach?
A)$152,200
B)$83,300
C)$68,900
D)$58,800
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
210
Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproach?
A)$79,200
B)$8,400
C)$104,400
D)$25,200
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
211
100.ThefollowingdatapertaintolastyearsoperationsatTredderCorporation,acompanythatproduces
asingleproduct:
Whatwasthevariablecostingnetoperatingincomelastyear?
A)$12,000
B)$57,000
C)$2,000
D)$27,000
101.ThefollowingdatapertaintolastyearsoperationsatHruskaCorporation,acompanythatproduces
asingleproduct:
Whatwasthevariablecostingnetoperatingincomelastyear?
A)$20,000
B)$80,000
C)$0
D)$60,000
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102.Amanufacturingcompanythatproducesasingleproducthasprovidedthefollowingdata
concerningitsmostrecentmonthofoperations:
Thetotalcontributionmarginforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproachis:
A)$282,200
B)$74,700
C)$332,000
D)$12,500
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
214
Thetotalcontributionmarginforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproachis:
A)$48,800
B)$244,400
C)$218,400
D)$78,000
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
215
Thetotalgrossmarginforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproachis:
A)$245,100
B)$162,100
C)$142,500
D)$5,700
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
216
Thetotalgrossmarginforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproachis:
A)$81,200
B)$74,800
C)$64,600
D)$13,600
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
217
Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$8,100
B)$15,700
C)$18,900
D)$3,200
218
Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$7,300
B)$14,400
C)$13,700
D)$700
219
Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthunderabsorptioncosting?
A)$14,200
B)($8,900)
C)$1,200
D)$15,400
220
Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthunderabsorptioncosting?
A)$17,000
B)$3,400
C)$5,800
D)$13,600
110.RoseCorporationproducesasingleproduct.Lastyear,thecompanyhadnetoperatingincomeof
$50,000usingvariablecosting.Beginningandendinginventorieswere13,000unitsand18,000units,
respectively.Ifthefixedmanufacturingoverheadcostwas$2.00perunit,whatwouldhavebeenthenet
operatingincomeusingabsorptioncosting?
A)$40,000
B)$50,000
C)$60,000
D)$86,000
Source:CPA,adapted
Usethefollowinginformationtoanswer111113
CallisCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowing
221
111.Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedcostis:
A)$692,200
B)$725,400
C)$659,000
D)$327,000
Level:MediumLO:1,3Ans:D
112.Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablecostperunitis:
A)$131.80
B)$53.10
C)$66.40
D)$120.90
113.Thebestestimateofthetotalcontributionmarginwhen5,300unitsaresoldis:
A)$51,940
B)$469,050
C)$109,710
D)$398,560
Level:MediumLO:1,3,4Ans:D
CallCorporationisawholesalerthatsellsasingleproduct.Managementhasprovidedthefollowingcost
datafortwolevelsofmonthlysalesvolume.Thecompanysellstheproductfor$140.50perunit.
114.Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedcostis:
A)$875,000
B)$147,000
C)$771,000
D)$823,000
115.Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablecostperunitis:
A)$82.90
B)$128.50
C)$104.00
D)$125.00
222
223
116.Thebestestimateofthetotalcontributionmarginwhen6,300unitsaresoldis:
A)$75,600
B)$97,650
C)$362,880
D)$229,950
Level:MediumLO:1,3,4Ans:D
ComparativeincomestatementsforTudorRetailingCompanyforthelasttwomonthsarepresented
below:
117.Whichofthefollowingclassificationsbestdescribesthebehaviorofshippingexpense?
A)Mixed
B)Variable
C)Fixed
D)noneoftheabove
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
118.Whichofthefollowingclassificationsbestdescribesthebehaviorofclericalexpense?
A)Mixed
B)Variable
C)Fixed
D)noneoftheabove
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:A
119.AssumingthatTudorRetailingCompanyusesthehighlowmethodofanalysis,thetotalmonthly
fixedcostforTudorRetailingCompanywouldbeestimatedtobe:
A)$34,500
B)$17,000
C)$27,000
D)$22,000
224
225
120.AssumingthatTudorRetailingCompanyusesthehighlowmethodofanalysis,thetotaloperating
expenseifTudorRetailingCompanysells6,500unitsduringamonthwouldbeestimatedtobe:
A)$37,000
B)$44,850
C)$38,250
D)$36,679
ThemanagementofCasablancaManufacturingCorporationbelievesthatmachinehoursisanappropriate
measureofactivityforoverheadcostShownbelowaremachinehoursandtotaloverheadcostsforthe
pastsixmonths:
Assumethattherelevantrangeincludesalloftheactivitylevelsmentionedinthisproblem.
121.IfCasablancaexpectstoincur185,000machinehoursnextmonth,whatwilltheestimatedtotal
overheadcostbeusingthehighlowmethod?
A)$212,750
B)$359,750
C)$382,750
D)$381,700
122.WhatisCasablancasindependentvariable?
A)theyear
B)themachinehours
C)thetotaloverheadcost
D)therelevantrange
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
226
ThemanagementoftheMedullaFitnessClubbelievesthattheattendancebyitsmembersisan
appropriateactivitymeasurefortotaloperatingcostShownbelowareattendancefiguresandtotal
operatingcostsforthepastsixmonths:
Assumethattherelevantrangeincludesalloftheactivitylevelsmentionedinthisproblem.
123.IfMedullaexpectstohave180,000membersattendtheclubinJuly,whatwilltheestimatedtotal
operatingcostbeusingthehighlowmethod?
A)$836,500
B)$837,000
C)$850,000
D)$852,000
124.WhatisMedullasdependentvariable?
A)themonth
B)themembersattendance
C)thetotaloperatingcost
D)therelevantrange
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:C
Cosco,Inc.hasaccumulatedthefollowingdataforthecostofmaintenanceonitsmachineryforthelast
fourmonths:
Assumethattherelevantrangeincludesalloftheactivitylevelsmentionedinthisproblem
227
125.AssumingCoscoCompanyusesthehighlowmethodofanalysis,thefixedcostofmaintenance
wouldbeestimatedtobe:
A)$14,500
B)$5,020
C)$13,000
D)$12,320
126.AssumingCoscoCompanyusesthehighlowmethodofanalysis,ifmachinehoursarebudgetedto
be20,000hoursthenthebudgetedtotalmaintenancecostwouldbeexpectedtobe:
A)$25,400
B)$25,560
C)$23,700
D)$24,720
Thefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsofmonthlyproductionvolumehavebeen
suppliedbyacompanythatproducesasingleproduct:
127.Thebestestimateofthetotalmonthlyfixedmanufacturingcostis:
A)$65,400
B)$88,200
C)$93,100
D)$54,000
128.Thebestestimateofthetotalvariablemanufacturingcostperunitis:
A)$39.10
B)$27.70
C)$11.40
D)$13.20
129.Thebestestimateofthetotalcosttomanufacture1,200unitsisclosestto:
A)$68,520
B)$100,920
C)$111,720
228
D)$90,120
Level:HardLO:1,3Ans:B
229
Thefollowingproductionandaveragecostdatafortwolevelsofmonthlyproductionvolumehavebeen
suppliedbyacompanythatproducesasingleproduct:
A)$221,200
B)$391,800
C)$173,800
D)$126,400
A)$132.70
B)$88.40
C)$23.70
D)$109.00
A)$396,220
B)$430,980
C)$361,460
D)$418,340
BakerCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
A)$1,027,200
B)$1,060,300
C)$1,093,400
230
D)$630,000
231
A)$32.40
B)$44.80
C)$66.20
D)$21.40
A)$984,060
B)$1,031,310
C)$1,047,060
D)$1,078,560
BabsonCorporationhasprovidedthefollowingproductionandtotalcostdatafortwolevelsofmonthly
A)$1,098,000
B)$1,053,000
C)$1,143,000
D)$603,000
A)$90.00
B)$77.20
C)$12.80
D)$20.70
A)$1,116,180
B)$1,062,915
C)$1,080,000
D)$1,009,650
232
233
SoloCompanyisasmallmerchandisingfirm.Duringthenextmonth,thecompanyexpectstosell500
units.Thecompanyhasthefollowingrevenueandcoststructure:
139.Theexpectedgrossmarginnextmonthis:
A)$5,500
B)$22,500
C)$13,500
D)$7,500
140.Theexpectedcontributionmarginnextmonthis:
A)$13,500
B)$5,500
C)$7,300
D)$22,500
141.Theexpectedtotaladministrativeexpensenextmonthis:
A)$3,000
B)$4,000
C)$9,000
D)$6,000
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:C
142.Theexpectednetoperatingincomeis:
A)$22,500
B)$5,500
C)$7,500
D)$13,500
234
TheUniversityStore,Inc.isthemajorbooksellerforfournearbycollegesAnincomestatementforthe
firstquarteroftheyearispresentedbelow:
Onaverage,abooksellsfor$40.00.Variablesellingexpensesare$3.00perbook;theremainingselling
expensesarefixed.Thevariableadministrativeexpensesare5%ofsales;theremainderofthe
administrativeexpensesarefixed.
143.ThecontributionmarginfortheUniversityStoreforthefirstquarteris:
A)$660,000
B)$700,000
C)$180,000
D)$140,000
144.Thenetoperatingincomecomputedusingthecontributionapproachforthefirstquarteris:
A)$30,000
B)$180,000
C)$140,000
D)$0
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:A
145.ThecostformulaforoperatingexpenseswithXequaltothenumberofbookssoldis:
A)Y=$105,000+$3X
B)Y=$105,000+$5X
C)Y=$110,000+$5X
D)Y=$110,000+$33X
235
146.If25,000booksaresoldduringthesecondquarterandthisactivityiswithintherelevantrange,the
companysexpectedcontributionmarginwouldbe:
A)$875,000
B)$300,000
C)$175,000
D)$65,000
DizzyAmusementParkisopenfrom8:00amtillmidnighteverydayoftheyear.Dizzychargesits
patronsadailyentrancefeeof$30perpersonwhichgivesthemunlimitedaccesstoalloftheparks35
rides.
147.DizzygivesoutafreeTshirttoevery100thcustomerenteringthepark.ThecostofthisTshirt
wouldbestbedescribedasa:
A)fixedcost
B)mixedcost
C)stepvariablecost
D)truevariablecost
148.Forliabilityinsurance,Dizzypaysasetmonthlyfeeplusasmalladditionalamountforeverypatron
enteringthepark.Thecostofliabilityinsurancewouldbestbedescribedasa:
A)fixedcost
B)mixedcost
C)stepvariablecost
D)truevariablecost
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
149.Dizzyemployeesacertifiedoperatorforeachofits35rides.Eachoperatorispaid$20perhour.The
costofthecertifiedoperatorswouldbestbedescribedasa:
A)fixedcost
B)mixedcost
C)stepvariablecost
D)truevariablecost
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:A
150.Dizzydonates$2ofeveryentrancefeetoalocalhomelessshelter.Thischaritablecontribution
wouldbestbedescribedasa:
A)fixedcost
B)mixedcost
C)stepvariablecost
D)truevariablecost
236
Level:EasyLO:1
ReferTo:05_13Ans:D
237
DonnerCompanywouldliketoestimatethevariableandfixedcomponentsofitsmaintenancecostsand
hascompiledthefollowingdataforthelastfivemonthsofoperations.
151.Usingthehighlowmethodofanalysis,theestimatedvariablecostperlaborhourformaintenanceis
closestto:
A)$0.83
B)$1.84
C)$1.30
D)$1.14
152.Usingthehighlowmethodofanalysis,theestimatedtotalfixedcostpermonthformaintenanceis
closestto:
A)$440
B)$407
C)$470
D)$0
GoldenDragonRestaurantwouldliketoestimatethevariableandfixedcomponentsofitsutilitiescosts
andhascompiledthefollowingdataforthelastfivemonthsofoperations.
238
153.Usingthehighlowmethodofanalysis,theestimatedvariableutilitiescostpermealservedis:
A)$0.22
B)$0.73
C)$0.69
D)$0.19
154.Usingthehighlowmethodofanalysis,theestimatedmonthlyfixedcomponentofutilitycostis:
A)$66.50
B)$300.00
C)$303.00
D)$331.00
AshwoodCorporationreportsthatatanactivitylevelof5,500units,itstotalvariablecostis$275,330and
itstotalfixedcostis$86,240.
155.Whatwouldbethetotalvariablecostatanactivitylevelof5,600units?Assumethatthislevelof
activityiswithintherelevantrange.
A)$275,330
B)$361,570
C)$87,808
D)$280,336
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
156.Whatwouldbetheaveragefixedcostperunitatanactivitylevelof5,600units?Assumethatthis
levelofactivityiswithintherelevantrange.
A)$32.27
B)$15.68
C)$65.74
D)$15.40
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
Atanactivitylevelof8,300machinehoursinamonth,BaudryCorporationstotalvariablemaintenance
costis$220,448anditstotalfixedmaintenancecostis$556,764.
157.Whatwouldbethetotalvariablemaintenancecostatanactivitylevelof8,600machinehoursina
A)$777,212
B)$220,448
239
C)$576,888
D)$228,416
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:D
240
158.Whatwouldbetheaveragefixedmaintenancecostperunitatanactivitylevelof8,600unitsina
A)$93.64
B)$67.08
C)$64.74
D)$75.15
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:C
ShontInc.reportsthatatanactivitylevelof6,400machinehoursinamonth,itstotalvariableinspection
costis$423,680anditstotalfixedinspectioncostis$154,368.
159.Whatwouldbetheaveragefixedinspectioncostperunitatanactivitylevelof6,700unitsina
A)$23.04
B)$90.32
C)$24.12
D)$45.83
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:A
160.Whatwouldbethetotalvariableinspectioncostatanactivitylevelof6,700machinehoursina
A)$423,680
B)$443,540
C)$161,604
D)$578,048
Level:EasyLO:1Ans:B
ElectricalcostsatoneofReischCorporationsfactoriesarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatelectricalcostisamixedcostthatdependsonmachinehours.
241
242
161.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthevariablecomponentofelectricalcostpermachine
hourisclosestto:
A)$16.38
B)$0.25
C)$3.97
D)$2.67
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:C
162.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthefixedcomponentofelectricalcostpermonthis
closestto:
A)$7,371
B)$7,438
C)$7,553
D)$5,731
Level:EasyLO:3
ReferTo:05_19Ans:D
InspectioncostsatoneofIulianoCorporationsfactoriesarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatinspectioncostisamixedcostthatdependsonunitsproduced.
163.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthevariablecomponentofinspectioncostperunit
producedisclosestto:
A)$10.57
B)$0.11
C)$17.89
D)$9.43
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:D
164.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthefixedcomponentofinspectioncostpermonthis
closestto:
A)$16,210
B)$7,660
C)$15,761
243
D)$16,111
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:B
244
CardilloInc.,anescrowagent,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsofficeexpenses:
Managementbelievesthatofficeexpenseisamixedcostthatdependsonthenumberofescrows
completed.Note:Realestatepurchasesusuallyinvolvetheservicesofanescrowagentthatholdsfunds
andpreparesdocumentstocompletethetransaction.
165.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthevariablecomponentofofficeexpenseperescrow
completedisclosestto:
A)$26.75
B)$118.23
C)$35.46
D)$72.49
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:C
166.Usingthehighlowmethod,theestimateofthefixedcomponentofofficeexpensepermonthis
closestto:
A)$9,666
B)$13,485
C)$13,176
D)$13,793
Level:EasyLO:3Ans:A
InJune,DoeblerCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,reportedthefollowingfinancialdata:
Thecompanyhadnobeginningorendinginventories.
245
246
167.ThecontributionmarginforJunewas:
A)$364,000
B)$403,000
C)$74,000
D)$221,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:B
168.ThegrossmarginforJunewas:
A)$364,000
B)$403,000
C)$221,000
D)$74,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:A
ThemanagementofClyattCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,wouldlikeyourhelpincontrasting
thetraditionalandcontributionapproachestotheincomestatement.Thecompanyhasprovidedthe
followingfinancialdataforAugust:
169.ThegrossmarginforAugustwas:
A)$187,000
B)$135,000
C)$200,000
D)$42,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:C
170.ThecontributionmarginforAugustwas:
A)$200,000
B)$135,000
C)$187,000
D)$42,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:C
247
FotheringhamCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowingfinancialdatafor
April:
171.ThegrossmarginforAprilwas:
A)$94,000
B)$173,000
C)$23,000
D)$169,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:B
172.ThecontributionmarginforAprilwas:
A)$23,000
B)$94,000
C)$173,000
D)$169,000
Level:EasyLO:4Ans:D
CutterskiCorporationmanufacturesapropeller.ShownbelowisCutterskiscoststructure:
Initsfirstyearofoperations,Cutterskiproduced60,000propellersbutonlysold54,000.
173.WhatisthetotalcostthatwouldbeassignedtoCutterskisfinishedgoodsinventoryattheendofthe
firstyearofoperationsunderthevariablecostingmethod?
A)$765,000
B)$684,000
C)$804,000
D)$912,000
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
248
249
174.AtwhatamountwillCutterskireportitscostofgoodssoldforthisfirstyearforexternalreporting
purposes?
A)$6,156,000
B)$6,885,000
C)$6,966,000
D)$8,208,000
175.Whichcostingmethod(variableorabsorption)willgenerateahighernetoperatingincomein
Cutterskisfirstyearofoperationsandbyhowmuch?
A)variableby$81,000
B)variableby$108,000
C)absorptionby$81,000
D)absorptionby$108,000
AbbeyCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
176.Whatistheunitproductcostforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$87
B)$101
C)$112
D)$98
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
250
177.Whatistheunitproductcostforthemonthunderabsorptioncosting?
A)$101
B)$98
C)$87
D)$112
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
178.Thetotalcontributionmarginforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproachis:
A)$170,800
B)$256,200
C)$100,900
D)$189,100
179.Thetotalgrossmarginforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproachis:
A)$189,100
B)$6,100
C)$170,800
D)$191,000
180.Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthunderthevariablecostingapproach?
A)$252,900
B)$164,700
C)$88,200
D)$185,800
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
181.Whatisthetotalperiodcostforthemonthundertheabsorptioncostingapproach?
A)$88,200
B)$252,900
C)$97,600
D)$164,700
Level:HardLO:5Ans:D
182.Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthundervariablecosting?
A)$3,300
B)$2,800
C)($14,100)
D)$6,100
251
183.Whatisthenetoperatingincomeforthemonthunderabsorptioncosting?
A)$3,300
B)$2,800
C)($14,100)
D)$6,100
AbbittCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$80
B)$119
C)$113
D)$86
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
A)$86
B)$119
C)$113
D)$80
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
252
A)$66,700
B)$128,800
C)$46,300
D)$142,600
A)$11,500
B)$66,700
C)$89,300
D)$128,800
A)$55,200
B)$82,500
C)$137,700
D)$123,900
Level:HardLO:5Ans:C
A)$137,700
B)$55,200
C)$41,400
D)$82,500
Level:HardLO:5Ans:B
A)$4,900
B)$11,500
C)$6,600
D)($11,100)
A)($11,100)
B)$11,500
C)$6,600
D)$4,900
253
FeasalCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$71
B)$67
C)$95
D)$91
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
A)$71
B)$67
C)$95
D)$91
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
A)($10,700)
B)$7,500
C)$4,800
D)$2,700
254
A)$2,700
B)$7,500
C)$4,800
D)($10,700)
FehelnCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$94
B)$86
C)$96
D)$104
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
A)$104
B)$94
C)$96
D)$86
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
255
A)$1,000
B)$14,400
C)$13,400
D)$4,800
A)$14,400
B)$13,400
C)$1,000
D)$4,800
JamilCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
Thecompanyproducesthesamenumberofunitseverymonth,althoughthesalesinunitsvaryfrom
monthtomonth.Thecompanysvariablecostsperunitandtotalfixedcostshavebeenconstantfrom
monthtomonth.
A)$49
B)$41
C)$53
D)$45
256
257
A)$45
B)$53
C)$41
D)$49
A)$9,000
B)$13,100
C)$8,200
D)$2,400
A)$13,100
B)$9,000
C)$8,200
D)$2,400
JamesonCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
recentmonthofoperations:
monthtomonth.
258
A)$79
B)$60
C)$74
D)$65
A)$74
B)$60
C)$79
D)$65
A)$14,800
B)$2,800
C)$0
D)$5,600
A)$5,600
B)$2,800
C)$14,800
D)$0
259
HabibCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$107
B)$98
C)$112
D)$121
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
A)$67,200
B)$101,500
C)$119,000
D)$150,500
A)$149,800
B)$98,000
C)$51,800
D)$118,300
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
260
A)$2,800
B)$700
C)($18,900)
D)$3,500
HaasCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$94
B)$84
C)$76
D)$86
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
A)$48,300
B)$27,300
C)$8,100
D)$31,500
261
A)$23,100
B)$42,300
C)$19,200
D)$21,300
Level:HardLO:5Ans:B
A)$2,400
B)($16,800)
C)$8,400
D)$6,000
IllaCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$111
B)$118
C)$77
D)$84
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
262
A)$10,200
B)$27,000
C)($6,300)
D)$16,800
IbushiCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$104
B)$70
C)$78
D)$96
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
A)($21,200)
B)$7,600
C)$7,800
D)($200)
263
JohnstonCompanymanufacturesasingleproduct.Thecompanyhassuppliedthefollowingdata:
Lastyeartherewasnobeginninginventory.Duringtheyear,20,000unitswereproducedand17,000
unitsweresold.
220.Underabsorptioncosting,theunitproductcostwouldbe:
A)$20
B)$12
C)$13
D)$8
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
221.Thecompanysnetoperatingincomelastyearundervariablecostingwouldbe:
A)$110,000
B)$149,000
C)$161,000
D)$170,000
ThefollowingdatawereprovidedbyRider,Inc,whichproducesasingleproduct:
264
222.Undervariablecosting,theunitproductcostis:
A)$14
B)$13
C)$10
D)$16
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:C
223.Underabsorptioncosting,theunitproductcostis:
A)$19
B)$13
C)$10
D)$14
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
224.Fortheyearinquestion,onewouldexpectthenetoperatingincomeunderabsorptioncostingtobe:
A)higherthanthenetoperatingincomeundervariablecosting.
B)lowerthanthenetoperatingincomeundervariablecosting.
C)thesameasthenetoperatingincomeundervariablecosting.
D)noneofthese.
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
RebelCompanymanufacturesasingleproductandhasthefollowingcoststructure:
Lastyeartherewerenobeginninginventories,8,000unitswereproduced,and7,800unitsweresold.
225.Undervariablecosting,theunitproductcostwouldbe:
A)$5
B)$8
C)$9
D)$11
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
265
226.Thecarryingvalueonthebalancesheetoftheendinginventoryundervariablecostingwouldbe:
A)$1,400higherthanunderabsorptioncosting.
B)$1,400lessthanunderabsorptioncosting.
C)$800lessthanunderabsorptioncosting.
D)thesameasunderabsorptioncosting.
227.Underabsorptioncosting,thecostofgoodssoldwouldbe:
A)$62,400
B)$70,200
C)$71,000
D)$39,000
BayatCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$79
B)$64
C)$74
D)$69
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
266
A)$69
B)$74
C)$79
D)$64
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:A
BeanstonCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
A)$90
B)$66
C)$72
D)$84
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:B
A)$66
B)$72
C)$90
D)$84
Level:EasyLO:5Ans:D
267
ThefollowingdatawereprovidedbyTrustyCorp.,whichproducesasingleproduct:
Thesellingpriceperunit,variablecostsperunit,andtotalfixedcostsarethesameforeachyear.
232.Ifvariablecostingisinuse,onewouldexpect:
A)netoperatingincometobeerraticoverthethreeyearperiod.
B)netoperatingincometobethesameforeachyear.
C)thebreakevenpointtobelowerinYear2thaninYear3.
D)netoperatingincometobehigherinYear2thaninYear1.
233.Takingthethreeyearstogether,onewouldexpecttotalnetoperatingincometobe:
A)thesameundereitherabsorptionorvariablecosting.
B)higherunderabsorptioncostingthanundervariablecosting.
C)lowerunderabsorptioncostingthanundervariablecosting.
D)noneofthese.
CliftonCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
268
A)$28,600
B)$36,300
C)$12,100
D)$24,200
A)$28,600
B)$24,200
C)$40,600
D)$11,000
ClissoldCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
A)$31,500
B)$13,100
C)$56,000
D)$70,000
269
A)$31,500
B)$56,000
C)$14,000
D)$75,900
DeacCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$458,200
B)$388,900
C)$304,200
D)$154,000
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
A)$154,000
B)$304,200
C)$458,200
D)$84,700
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
270
DealeyCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$66,000
B)$36,800
C)$102,800
D)$85,200
Level:HardLO:5Ans:C
A)$102,800
B)$66,000
C)$36,800
D)$48,400
Level:HardLO:5Ans:B
271
GainesCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$13,200
B)$240,800
C)$68,800
D)$189,200
A)$189,200
B)$82,000
C)$68,800
D)$8,600
A)$184,600
B)$176,000
C)$236,200
D)$60,200
Level:HardLO:5Ans:C
272
A)$60,200
B)$8,600
C)$236,200
D)$176,000
Level:HardLO:5Ans:A
GadzukCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
A)$46,400
B)$2,700
C)$19,200
D)$56,000
A)$19,200
B)$46,400
C)$52,500
D)$8,000
273
A)$43,700
B)$54,900
C)$45,300
D)$11,200
Level:HardLO:5Ans:B
A)$1,600
B)$43,700
C)$11,200
D)$54,900
Level:HardLO:5Ans:C
EliasonCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
A)$7,200
B)$1,900
C)$5,300
D)$1,400
274
A)$1,400
B)$1,900
C)$7,200
D)$5,300
ElginCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
A)$8,000
B)$4,000
C)$12,000
D)($28,800)
A)($28,800)
B)$4,000
C)$12,000
D)$8,000
275
KeznerCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
monthtomonth.
A)($4,900)
B)$11,100
C)$14,100
D)$2,500
A)$2,500
B)$14,100
C)$11,100
D)($4,900)
276
KhidirCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmostrecent
monthofoperations:
monthtomonth.
A)($3,400)
B)$2,200
C)$1,000
D)$19,200
A)($3,400)
B)$19,200
C)$1,000
D)$2,200
277
Essay
258.TheowneroftheDiamondheadrestaurantinHonoluluwouldliketodeterminethefixedand
variablecomponentsoftherestaurantsutilityexpenses.Theownerbelievesthatthevariablecomponent
oftheutilitiescostisdrivenbythenumberofmealsserved.
Required:
(a)Plotthedataonthegraphbelow.
(b.)Usingthequickanddirtyscattergraphmethod,deriveacostformulaforutilitiescost.
(c.)Useyourcostformulatopredicttheutilitiescostif5,200mealsareserved.
Level:MediumLO:1,2
Ans:Thereisnotasinglecorrectanswertothesequestions.Studentsanswerstothesequestionswill
varyandmustbecarefullygraded.Werecommendthatyouevaluatethestudentstechniquesratherthan
thenumericalaccuracyoftheiranswers.
278
(a)Checkthatstudentsfollowedthestepsforplottingdata.
(b)Answerswilldifferbaseduponhowthelineisfittedtothedata.Theanswershouldbesomethinglike
Y=$300+$0.05X.(TheleastsquaresregressionlineisY=$291+$.053X.)
(c)Answerswilldifferbaseduponthecostformulathatthestudentderivedin(2)above.Withourcost
formula,thepredictedcostis$560=$300+$0.055,200.(Usingleastsquaresregression,thecost
estimatewouldbe$567.)
259.ArlosTshirtShoponlyhasthreecosts:Tshirtcost,rentcostontheshop,andutilitiescost.Arlos
sellstheTshirtfor$14.50each.Managementhaspreparedthefollowingestimatedcostinformationfor
nextmonth:
Assumethatalloftheactivitylevelsmentionedinthisproblemarewithintherelevantrange.
Required:
(a.)CalculatewhatArlosshouldexpectfortotalvariablecostif9,000Tshirtsaresoldnextmonth.
(b.)PrepareArloscontributionapproachincomestatementforamonthlysalesvolumelevelof10,000T
shirts.
Level:HardLO:1,3,4
Ans:
(a)
(b)
279
260.RapidDelivery,Inc.,operatesaparceldeliveryserviceacrossthenation.Thecompanykeeps
detailedrecordsrelatingtooperatingcostsoftrucks,andhasfoundthatifatruckisdriven150,000miles
peryeartheaverageoperatingcostis10centspermile.Thiscostincreasesto11centspermileifatruck
isdrivenonly100,000milesperyear.
Assumethatalloftheactivitylevelsmentionedinthisproblemarewithintherelevantrange.
Required:
(a.)Usingthehighlowmethod,derivethecostformulafortruckoperatingcosts.
(b.)Usingthecostformulayouderivedabove,whattotalcostwouldyouexpectthecompanytoincurin
connectionwiththetruckifitisdriven130,000milesinayear?
Level:EasyLO:1,3
Ans:(a)
$4,00050,000miles=$0.08permilevariablecost
Costformula:$3,000plus$0.08permileor
Y=$3,000+$0.08X
(b.)
280
261.ButlerSalesCompanyisadistributorthathasanexclusivefranchisetosellaparticularproduct
madebyanothercompany.ButlerSalesCompanysincomestatementsforthelasttwoyearsaregiven
below:
Operatingexpensesareamixtureoffixedcostsandvariableandmixedcoststhatvarywithrespecttothe
numberofunitssold.
Required:
(a.)Estimatethecompanysvariableoperatingexpensesperunit,anditstotalfixedoperatingexpenses
peryear.
(b.)Computethecompanyscontributionmarginforthisyear.
Level:MediumLO:3,4
Ans:(a)
$12,00040,000units=$0.30perunitvariablecost
(b.)
281
262.SomethingNewisasmallonepersoncompanythatprovideselaborateandimaginativewedding
cakestoorderforverylargeweddingreceptions.Theownerofthecompanywouldliketounderstandthe
coststructureofthecompanyandhascompiledthefollowingrecordsofactivityandcostsincurred.The
ownerbelievesthatthenumberofweddingscateredisthebestmeasureofactivity.
Required:
Usingthehighlowmethod,estimatethevariablecostperweddingandthetotalfixedcostpermonth.
(Roundoffthevariablecostperweddingtothenearestcentandthetotalfixedcosttothenearestdollar.)
Level:MediumLO:3
Ans:
Variablecost=ChangeincostChangeinactivity
=$1,60018weddings
=$88.89perwedding
Fixedcostelement=TotalcostVariablecostelement
=$5,200($88.89perwedding20weddings)
=$3,422
Costformula:$3,422fixedcostpermonthplus$88.89perwedding,or
Y=$3,422+$88.89X.
263.ThemanagementofBuffSportsStadiumbelievesthatthenumberofsportingeventseachmonthisa
measureofactivityfortotalcleanupcost.Shownbelowareeventfiguresandtotalcleanupcostsforthe
pastfourmonths:
282
Required:
EstimateBuffscostformulaformonthlycleanupcostusingthehighlowmethod.
Level:MediumLO:3
Ans:
Y=$8,700+$750X
($34,200$20,700)/(3416)=$750perevent;$75034=$25,500;
$34,200$25,500=$8,700
264.YoungerCorporationreportsthatatanactivitylevelof8,700units,itstotalvariablecostis$653,109
anditstotalfixedcostis$658,416.
Required:
Fortheactivitylevelof8,800units,compute:(a)thetotalvariablecost;(b)thetotalfixedcost;(c)the
totalcost;(d)theaveragevariablecostperunit;(e)theaveragefixedcostperunit;and(f)theaverage
totalcostperunit.Assumethatthisactivityleveliswithintherelevantrange.
Level:EasyLO:1
Ans:
Variablecost=$653,109/8,700units=$75.07perunit
265.Atanactivitylevelof8,800units,PemberCorporationstotalvariablecostis$146,520anditstotal
fixedcostis$219,296.
Required:
Fortheactivitylevelof8,900units,compute:(a)thetotalvariablecost;(b)thetotalfixedcost;(c)the
totalcost;(d)theaveragevariablecostperunit;(e)theaveragefixedcostperunit;and(f)theaverage
totalcostperunit.Assumethatthisactivityleveliswithintherelevantrange.
Level:EasyLO:1
Ans:
Variablecost=$146,520/8,800units=$16.65perunit
283
284
266.UtilitycostsatoneofGralakCorporationsfactoriesarelistedbelow:
Managementbelievesthatutilitycostisamixedcostthatdependsonmachinehours.
Required:
Estimatethevariablecostpermachinehourandthefixedcostpermonthusingthehighlowmethod.
Showyourwork!
Level:EasyLO:3
Ans:
=($41,495$40,991)(5,2015,113)=$5.73
=$40,991($5.735,113)=$11,693
267.MichalowskiInc.hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmaintenancecosts:
Managementbelievesthatmaintenancecostisamixedcostthatdependsonmachinehours.
Required:
Estimatethevariablecostpermachinehourandthefixedcostpermonthusingthehighlowmethod.
Showyourwork!
Level:EasyLO:3
285
Ans:
=($29,135$28,933)(5,7315,642)=$2.27
=$28,933($2.275,642)=$16,126
268.ThemanagementofForinashCorporationwouldliketohaveabetterunderstandingofthebehavior
ofitsinspectioncosts.Thecompanyhasprovidedthefollowingdata:
Managementbelievesthatinspectioncostisamixedcostthatdependsondirectlaborhours.
Required:
Estimatethevariablecostperdirectlaborhourandthefixedcostpermonthusingthehighlowmethod.
Showyourwork!
Level:EasyLO:3
Ans:
=($55,456$54,836)(5,5075,415)=$6.74
=$54,836($6.745,415)=$18,339
269.InMay,HillebrandCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,reportedthefollowingfinancialdata:
286
287
Required:
(a.)PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforMayusingthetraditionalapproach.
(b.)PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforMayusingthecontributionapproach.
Level:EasyLO:4
Ans:
270.McdaleInc.,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowingfinancialdataforJanuary:
Required:
(a.)PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforJanuaryusingthetraditionalapproach.
(b.)PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforJanuaryusingthecontributionapproach.
Level:EasyLO:4
288
Ans:
271.InOctober,SteadhamCorporation,amanufacturingcompany,reportedthefollowingfinancialdata:
Required:
PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforOctoberusingthecontributionapproach.
Level:EasyLO:4
289
Ans:
272.CantinInc.,amanufacturingcompany,hasprovidedthefollowingdataforNovember:
Required:
PrepareanincomestatementingoodformforNovemberusingthecontributionapproach.
Level:EasyLO:4
Ans:
290
273.HJTurnerCorporationproducesasingleproduct.Dataconcerningthecompanysoperationslast
yearappearbelow:
Assumedirectlaborisavariablecost.
Required:
(a.)Computetheunitproductcostunderbothabsorptionandvariablecosting.
(b.)Prepareanincomestatementfortheyearusingabsorptioncosting.
(c.)Prepareanincomestatementfortheyearusingvariablecosting.
(d.) Prepare a report reconciling the difference in net operating income between absorption and variable
costing for the year.
Level:MediumLO:5
Ans:
*9,000units$4perunitvariableplus$70,000fixed.
291
274.LegazCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
monthtomonth.
Required:
(a.) What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
(b.) What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
(c.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(d.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method.
(e.) Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating incomes for the month.
292
Level: Hard LO: 5
293
Ans:a.&b.Unitproductcosts
(c.)&d.Incomestatements
Variablecostingincomestatement
Absorptioncostingincomestatement
(e.)Reconciliation
294
275.MagnaniCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
Required:
(b.) What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
(c.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(d.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method.
(e.) Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating incomes for the month.
Level: Medium LO: 5
Ans: a.&b.Unitproductcosts
c.&d.Incomestatements
Variablecostingincomestatement
295
Absorptioncostingincomestatement
(e.)Reconciliation
276.DuifCompanysabsorptioncostingincomestatementsforthelasttwoyearsarepresentedbelow:
296
Dataonunitsproducedandsoldineachoftheseyearsaregivenbelow:
Fixedfactoryoverheadtotaled$16,000ineachyear.Thisoverheadwasappliedtoproductsatarateof$2
perunit.Variablesellingandadministrativeexpenseswere$3perunitsold.
Required:
(a.)Computetheunitproductcostineachyearundervariablecosting.
(b.)Preparenewincomestatementsforeachyearusingvariablecosting.
(c.)Reconciletheabsorptioncostingandvariablecostingnetoperatingincomeforeachyear.
Level:MediumLO:5
Ans:
(a.)Theunitproductcostundervariablecostingcanbedeterminedbysubtractingthefixedfactory
overheadrateperunitfromtheunitproductcostunderabsorptioncosting.
*Year1:$25,000$37,000=$4,000
297
298
277.HanksCompanyproducesasingleproduct.Operatingdataforthecompanyanditsabsorption
costingincomestatementsforthelasttwoyearsarepresentedbelow:
Variablemanufacturingcostsare$4perunit.Fixedfactoryoverheadtotals$18,000ineachyear.This
overheadwasappliedatarateof$2perunit.Variablesellingandadministrativeexpenseswere$1per
unitsold.
Required:
(a.)Whatwastheunitproductcostineachyearundervariablecosting?
(b.)Preparenewincomestatementsforeachyearusingvariablecosting.
(c.)Reconciletheabsorptioncostingandvariablecostingnetoperatingincomeforeachyear.
Level:MediumLO:5
Ans:
(a.)Themanufacturingcostof$4perunitistheunitproductcostundervariablecostinginbothyears.
*Year1:$28,000$18,000=$20,000
299
278.PacherCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in units vary from
month to month. The companys variable costs per unit and total fixed costs have been constant from
month to month.
Required:
(b.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(c.) Without preparing an income statement, determine the absorption costing net operating income for
the month. (Hint: Use the reconciliation method.)
Level: Hard LO: 5
Ans: (a.) Variable costing unit product cost
(b.)Variablecostingincomestatement
300
301
(c.)Computationofabsorptioncostingnetoperatingincome
279.QasimiCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
Required:
(b.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(c.) Without preparing an income statement, determine the absorption costing net operating income for
the month. (Hint: Use the reconciliation method.)
Level: Medium LO: 5
Ans: (a.) Variable costing unit product cost
302
(b.)Variablecostingincomestatement
(c.)Computationofabsorptioncostingnetoperatingincome
280.ItaliaEspressoMachinaInc.producesasingleproduct.Dataconcerningthecompanysoperations
lastyearappearbelow:
Required:
(a.) Compute the unit product cost under both absorption and variable costing.
(b.) Prepare an income statement for the year using absorption costing.
(c.) Prepare an income statement for the year using variable costing.
(d.) Prepare a report reconciling the difference in net operating income between absorption and variable
costing for the year.
303
Level: Medium LO: 5
304
Ans:
*1,900units$2perunitvariableplus$60,000fixed.
305
281.NetroCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in units vary from
month to month. The companys variable costs per unit and total fixed costs have been constant from
month to month.
Required:
(a.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(b.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method.
Level: Hard LO: 5
Ans:
(a.)Variablecostingincomestatement
306
(b.)Absorptioncostingincomestatement
282.OakfordCompany,whichhasonlyoneproduct,hasprovidedthefollowingdataconcerningitsmost
Required:
(a.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the contribution format and the variable costing
method.
(b.) Prepare an income statement for the month using the absorption costing method.
Level: Medium LO: 5
Ans: (a.)Variablecostingincomestatement
307
308
(b.)Absorptioncostingincomestatement
283.VitaminTShirts,Inc.budgetedthefollowingcostsforitsfirstyearofmanufacturingoperations.
Thesecostsarebasedonavolumeof50,000Tshirtsproducedandsold:
Duringthefirstyearofoperations,Vitaminactuallyproduced50,000Tshirtsbutonlysold48,000T
shirts.Actualcostsdidnotfluctuatefromthecostbehaviorpatternsdescribedabove.The48,000Tshirts
weresoldfor$10perTshirt.
Required:
Usingthevariablecostingmethod,prepareVitaminTShirtsincomestatementfortheyear.
Level:MediumLO:5
Ans:
*[($36,000+$24,000+$60,000)/50,000] 48,000
**($12,000/50,000) 48,000
309

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