DISPOSAL ON LAND

Broad Irrigation (a)

Rapid Infiltration (b)
Overland flow (c).
Wetlands (d)

Irrigation
Uses water to irrigate water-tolerant plants :
forage and field crops, Landscape
vegetation, and serviculture( growing of
woodlands)

Rapid Infiltration
Applies water at rates much faster than
normal irrigation
Does not rely on the capacity of plants to
remove nutrients
Designed to hasten infiltration
Objectives can to recharge aquifers or reuse
of waste water.

Overland flow
Applies biological treatment to the waste as
it is applied over the upper reaches of
sloped, vegetated terraces and allowed to
flow across to runoff collection ditches

Wet Lands Treatment

A natural or artificial treatment using
wetlands.
Normally shallow, less than 0.6 m in depth.
Water hyacinth, water primrose bulrushes
grown
Bacteria attached to the submerged roots
and stems of aquatic plants remove soluble
and colloidal BOD from waste

Wet Lands Treatment (Contd.)

The adsorption and filtration ability of the
roots and stems, the ion exchange and
absorption ability of the wetland sediment,
and the submerged condition of plants that
reduce the perturbing effects of climate
contribute to the effectiveness.
Problem : mosquitoes
Should allow natural mosquitoe larvae
predators to grow like mosquit fish, dragon
fly, water beetles.
Should not be overloaded

IS 3307 1965
Standards of sewage effluents for
sewage farming

 Sodium Absorption Ratio

=
[Na]
( [Ca] + [ Mg] )0.5
All concentrations in mEq/L
SAR above 9 may adversely affect the permeability of fine
textured soils
Percentage Soluble Sodium
=
100 x [ Na]
Total
Cations
Should be less than 60; Add gypsum if more
Residual NaHCO3 limited to 1.25. ( to prevent settling of
CO3, when carbonates are in excess of Ca and Mg)