5

04-042-728
3 . 5
5.1
60
5.2
60
5.3
60

5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2

5- 5

5.1-5.3 5-1 15-20

5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2

5- 6

5.1
(254 3)
2 (
Job-Order
Production Job Shop Production) ( Production to Stock)
( Intermittent
Manufacturing)
(Continuous Manufacturing) ( Mass
Production)
5.1.1 (Job-Order Production Job Shop
Production)
(2545)
(Intermittent Flow)

1)
2)
3)
4)

5- 7

5)
(Machine Shop)

5.1.2 (Continuous Production System)

(2545)
(Make to Production)
(Production Line)




(Conveyors)

(Product Layout)
1)
2)

3)
4)
5)
- (First In First Out - FIFO)
6) (Mass Production)
5.2




(
Motion Study) (Standard Time)
(, 2543)

5- 8

5.2.1
1)

2)
(Element)


(1)

(2) (Performance)

(3)

(4)

3
)


1





4
)
(Sampling Process)
(Variance)

5- 9

( Normal Distribution)
(Mean ; ) ( Standard Deviation ; )
n Xi i 1 n

Xi

(5.1)

i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n

i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n

(Xi-)2

(5.2)

(Confidence)
(Precision)

2
2
2
N
=
k/s nXi - (Xi)
(5.3)
Xi

n
=

N
=

(
)
s
=
( 0.05)
k
=

5.1
(%)
68.3
95.5
99.7
: , 2543

k
1
2
3

5- 10

5.2.2





100 %

100 %

100 %
100 % Westing House
Westing House
4
1) (Skill)
2) (Effort)
3) (Consistency)

4) (Conditions)

4
5.2

5- 11

5.2
Skill
+0.15
A1
+0.13
A2
+0.11
B1
+0.08
B2
+0.06
C1
+0.03
C2
0.00
D
-0.05
E1
-0.10
E2
-0.16
F1
-0.22
F2
Condition
+0.06
A
+0.04
B
+0.02
C
0.00
D
-0.03
E
-0.07
F
: , 2528

Super Skill
Excellent
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
Ideal
Excellent
Good
Average
Fair
Poor

+0.13
+0.12
+0.10
+0.08
+0.05
+0.02
0.00
-0.04
-0.008
-0.12
-0.17
+0.04
+0.03
+0.01
0.00
-0.02
-0.04

Effort
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D
E1
E2
F1
F2
Consistency
A
B
C
D
E
F

Excessive
Excellent
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
Perfect
Excellent
Good
Average
Fair
Poor

5.2.3 (Determining The Normal Time)

, 2543

Normal Time
=
Selected Time x Rating Factor
(2.7)
5.2.4 (Determining Allowance Time)

1) (Delay Allowance) 2

5- 12

(1) (Unavoidable Delays)

(2) (Avoidable Delays)

,

2) (Personal Allowance)

3) (Fatigue Allowance)

5.2.5 (Determining Standards Time)

(Normal Time) (Allowance Time)
2.8
Std =
NT + A(NT)
=
NT (1+A)
(2.8)

Std
NT
A

=
=
=

(Standard Time)
(Normal Time)
(Allowance Time) %

5.3 (Flow Shop Line Balancing)

(Continuous Production)
( Elements)

5.3.1
(2545)
1
(Conveyor)

5- 13

(2534)
(Job Analysis)
1, 200
12
180
(2548) (Idle
Time)

1) (Maximum Cycle Time)
82.09 Housing 1
2) (Operating Time Per Day)
8 /
2

P
=
(2.1)

OT / CT

P
OT
CT

(Operating Time Per Day)

(Cycle Time)

)
P

( 2 16

= 16 X 3,600
82.09
= 57,600
82.09
= 701

Housing 1 16
701 Common Rail 701

CT =
OT
(2.2)
P

5- 14

1,478
CT =
57,600
1478
=
39

701
1 478
39

(2535) (Line Efficiency)

(2.3)
E

Di

1 - i=1

CxN

E
Di
C
N

=
=
=
=

x 100

(2.3)

5.3.2


1
) ( Mathematical Programming)
Dynamic Programming Jackson ..
1956 Integer Programming Bowman .. 1960

2
) Heuristic



( Zoning Constrains)

(1) Hoffman Technique

5- 15

Hoffman .. 1963
Successive Maximum Elemental Time
Technique (SMET) SMET
COMSOAL
Hoffman
1
( Precedence Matrix) 0 1
1 0
Code
Number 0
2 0 Code Number
3 Code Number 0
4
5 4 6
7
6
Code Number Code Number
7 2 0
3 2 7

9 8 0 10
11
10 Code Number 1 7

11 Code Number Code Number

9
12 2 11
Code Number
(2) COMSOAL Technique
(2545)
COMSOAL
Computer Method of Sequencing Operation for Assembly Line Heuristic

5- 16

Arcus
(1966) COMSOAL .. 1966
(Biased Sampling)

COMSOAL
Crysler

COMSOAL
1
(Immediate Following Tasks)
2 List A
(Immediate Preceding
Tasks) List A
3 List B
List A List B
4 List B



List B

4
List C
5 List C List A List B

6 List A 1

7 List B 4-7
1 2

4
A.L. Arcus
List B List C Bias Selection 9
1

5- 17

2
List B
3

4 1/x x =

5 1/ x x =

7 1 6

8
9 1 , 5 , 6
, 7 8
(3) Ranked Positional Weight Technique (RPW)
Helgeson and Birnie
.. 1961 RPW
RPW RPW
RPW

1 RPW

2 RPW

3
4 RPW
RPW

5.4

5- 18

2.5.1

Ranked Positional Weight (RPW), COMSOAL Hoffman

2.5.2



1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

5- 19

5 04-042-728
1) KM-1500.3 F-24

KM-1500.3 F-24

1 ( 120 )

()
()
()
1 1.
101.25
101.25
18.75
2.
6.05
2 3.
89.54
113.29
6.71
4.
17.70
5.
25.60
6. Back joint
8.45
3
106.09
13.91
7. Back joint
9.24
8.
62.80
9.
69.46
4
106.16
13.84
10.
36.70
11.
101.64
108.55
11.45
5 12.
3.55
13.
3.36
14.
32.25
15.
8.96
6 16.
14.61
106.06
13.94
17.
28.62
18.
21.62
19.
77.52
7 20.
8.90
105.99
14.01
21.
17.57
22.
7.81
8 23.
32.61
106.17
13.83
24.
34.32

(%)
84.37
94.40

88.40
88.46
90.45

88.38

88.32
88.47

5- 20

25.
26.
9 27.
28.
10 29.

()
31.43
29.35
22.80
36.25
101.52

()

()

(%)

88.40

31.60

73.66

101.52
1,043.48

18.48
156.52

84.60

1 156.52

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- 21

( 120 )
1

2
2

()
1

101.25
2

6.05
3

89.54
4

17.70
5

25.60
6
Back joint
8.45
7
Back joint
9.24
8

62.80
9

69.46
10
36.70
11
101.64
12
3.55
13
3.36
14
32.25
15
8.96
16
14.61
17
28.62
18
21.62
19
77.52
20
8.90
21
19.57
22
7.81
23
32.61
24
34.32
25
31.43

5- 22

26
27
28
29

()
29.35
22.80
36.25
101.52

Ranked Positional Weight

(RPW) COMSOAL

5- 23

1. ( Thiniking-Based)

2. (Questioning Based)

3. (Self-Learning)

/
1. ()

2.

3.

1. :

2. : Power Point

1.
2.
3.

5- 24

. (2548) :
.

.
. (2543). . :
(-).
. (2534).
.
.
. (2535). . .
.
. (2543). .

.
. (2532). .
.
. (2545). . :
(-).
.(2545). .
.
. (2535).
.

.
. (2545). . :

.
. (2534). . :
.

. (2543).
.
:
.
. (2534). .
, .
. (2528). .

.
. (2547).

. .

5- 25

. (2539). .
,
.
Arcus,A.L. (1966). COMSOAL : A Computer Method of Sequencing Operation
for Assembly Line. International Journal of Production Research 4(4) : 259277 Hoffman, T.R. (1963). Assembly Line Balancing . With a Precedence
Matrix.
Management Science, 9(4):