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Bim Journal Vol 3 Final Low Res 1
Bim Journal Vol 3 Final Low Res 1
>>
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EUROPEAN
PUBLIC SECTOR
DEMAND FOR BIM
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Nadia Wallett
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Editors Foreword
irst and foremost a tremendous acknowledgement must be given to all those who have contributed towards the
success of the BIM Journal. In the course of 2011 we received exceptional contributions for case studies, white-papers
and articles from leading organisations and individuals in the international BIM Community. Many of which had been
produced exclusively for the BIM Journal.
I would like to make a personal acknowledgement of the outstanding work and dedication of Nadia Wallett who has
been managing the BIM Journal website and associated social media, sourcing new material and coordinating with
contributors. The current success of the BIM Journal is due, in no small part, to her tireless efforts, as well as the vision
and commitment of the BIM Journal Founder, Tahir Sharif.
The online publication of BIM Journal (www.bimjournal.com) is now regularly receiving over 20,000 single hits per month
with a circulation of 100000 readers.
This volume, the third to be published, comprises monthly Journal Issues 24 to 35, from January to December 2011,
as well as a selection of articles and opinion pieces from the website. The programme for 2011 issues was structured
in quarterly clusters relating to a central theme. The three issues of the first quarter relate to Parametric Modelling, the
second quarter to issues of Interoperability, the third quarter explores themes of Performance BIM, and the final quarter
introduces valuable discussion on BIM Implementation and Training.
Structured in this way, the BIM Journal Volume 3 publication forms a concise compendium for those interested and
engaged in the practice of building information modeling.
BIMjournal has an open call for contributions of articles and case study projects. If you are interested in contributing to an
upcoming issue, have any comments or require further information, please contact the Editor at editor@bimjournal.com
Mark Baldwin
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CONTENTS
23
Right, The
Abu Dhabi
Investment
Council
Headquarters
Dynamic
Facade
Far Right,
Case Study
Sorbonne
University, UAE
01
02
03
10
11
13
15
19
27
35
39
ISSUE 24
49
ISSUE 30
Green Is Good
- Sustainability
- Integrating BIM and LEED
- Use case of BIM-LEED integration
ISSUE 25
55
ISSUE 31
- BIM VS 3D
- CONCEPTS OF PARAMETRIC MODELLING
- THE ABU DHABI INVESTMENT COUNCIL HEADQUARTERS
DYNAMIC FACADE
ISSUE 26
59
ISSUE 32
Synchronized Specifications
- Model Attributes
- Integrated Specifications
- Gilfillan Callahan Nelson Architects
ISSUE 27
63
ISSUE 33
Interoperability Standards
ISSUE 28
69
ISSUE 34
- Silo BIM
- Building Information Management
- BIM Collaboration Format
ISSUE 29
73
ISSUE 35
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43
57
buildingSMART International
home of open BIM
buildingSMART
BuildingSMART has been serving the Construction
Industry for over 20 years. A not for profit
organisation with Chapters all over the world
it has been working with Owners, Developers,
Governments, Consultants, Architects, Engineers,
Project Managers, Contractors and Sub-contractors
to deploy internationally recognised standards for
processes and technologies. These standards
improve interoperability and communication
between all project stakeholders throughout the
entire life cycle of a built Facility.
Christopher
Groome, Business
Manager
building SMART
International
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hat a year for BIM! The UK Government issuing a mandate for fully collaborative 3D BIM as a minimum by
2016 and its commitment to reduce cost in the Construction Industry by 20% during the current term of
parliament! In the Middle East, the Jordanian Government also took the pledge and is working towards mandating
BIM! Too many BIM milestones worldwide to mention. Its official we are now in the BIM bubble, some are excited,
you can almost hear the it is about time! others apprehensive why bother! more work! Yes unfortunately adopting
BIM means committing to CHANGE! out with the old and in with the new, a change in mindset and work practises.
Last but not least an acknowledgement from the Industry that there is a real need for training & education to ensure
that existing and new entrants in the Industry are equipped with the skills to handle BIM.
Introduction
Now that the market is more BIM savvy, all be it some markets more than others, the BIM Journal has also evolved
to take into account market progress and endeavoured to find a suitable balance in terms of supplying information
that does appeal to Technical and non technical readers. The issues in 2011 focused on the practical aspects of
using BIM from tool selection, creation of execution plans to the more complex data handling & extraction from BIM
models. All topics have been supported by a case study review relevant to the topics discussed.
The BIM Journal has now been in operation for nearly 3 years receiving excellent feedback from the BIM Community.
We are very excited to announce that the BIM Journal will shortly be integrated into www.thebimhub.com. Our
goal is to gather a very large BIM Community in one place. With this in mind we equipped the site with a social
networking module providing users with the opportunity to network and socialise with other BIMMERS all over the
world. Every user will have his/hers own personal dashboard with the ability to personalise news/job alerts and
access a rich resource centre comprising technical information, case studies, online BIM courses and of course last
but not least the latest edition of BIM Journal delivered direct to your inbox!
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all our contributors and readers for their continued support.
We invite you to view the latest issues of the BIM Journal at www.bimjournal.com and join our Community on
www.thebimhub.com
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Tahir Sharif
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Communic was a 2 million multi-partner project that ran between 2007 and 2010.
The wide-ranging initiative had the overall aim of identifying ways in which infrastructure
projects could be managed more efficiently over their whole life-cycle. Communic took
real-world projects, including part of the new A19 toll motorway in France, and found that
traditional data structures did not respond to actual needs. But it was possible, as JeanBaptiste Valette of Vinci showed during the meeting, to hijack IFC objects and that
might offer a way forward.
Communic recommended that an open data exchange standard and collaborative
platform should be developed. Civil engineering needs definitions of a data model and
specific entities, says Pierre Benning of Bouygues, who was also involved in the project.
Other countries are also starting to build knowledge of standards and modelling for
infrastructure. In Korea, IFC is being used in nuclear and power plants. Japan has done
work on product models for bridges and shield tunnels. Germanys ForBAU project
created 3D parametric road and bridge models, while in Norway the Public Roads
Administration is committed to use open format models by 2015 (the format to be
decided). In the US, the National Institute of Standards and Technology believes that
infrastructure delivery must be improved. And an international
project of 200406, IFC Bridge, following an earlier French
project which had used the IFC and OA-EXPRESS formats,
explored a data model for bridges, delivering proof of concept and
an IFC view.
The Paris meeting brought together members with an interest
in developing IFC for infrastructure. There was agreement that a
big open-ended project would deter potential funders and that
chapters should identify four or five use cases areas of work of
particular interest to them. The bridge part is the most feasible,
says Thomas Liebich, who leads buildingSMARTs Model
Support Group. So much work has already been done.
A steering group was set up, with representatives of
buildingSMART chapters and Frances Club Communic,
the network set up in the wake of the project. Defining the
prospective scope will be among the first steps to be
taken. Members were asked what the IFC Infra project
should be called and the name openINFRA was
agreed.
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Beijing 2008: The Birds Nest Stadium used an IFCbased tool, known as 4D-GCPSU 2006, to manage the
construction schedule, resources and site layout
(Top left) London Olympic Stadium; (above) the BIM
used in construction
Sources: London Olympic Stadium London 2012; BIM ODA Press; Athens
Pierre de Coubertin, The First Olympiad, London 1897; Amsterdam public
domain; Berlin Hoffman, Deutsches Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532; Munich
Arad Mojtahedi (public domain); Beijing Chen Zao (CCA2 Generic)
This is an article extracted from Issue 5. The content of this article is identical to the story as it appeared in the original issue.
Amman
Jordan
A buildingSMART Industry Day the BIM-finitive Way to SMART Construction was held
on 21 September as part of the Singapore week of events and meetings. The aim was to share
understanding of BIM, and the day brought together local delegates, representing architects,
engineers, contractors and government, along with international participants some 280 in all.
www.buildingsmartsingapore.org/events.htm
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Back in 2008, a survey revealed that fewer than 10% of firms in Singapore were using BIM;
today the figure is probably around 2530%. The local chapter is targeting a figure of 80% uptake
by 2015, and the government is introducing a series of strategies to stimulate BIM use. The
public sector is taking the lead, helping build BIM capability through training and certification and
incentivising adopters with subsidies from a government BIM fund. Work is being done on pilots
and to help the industry become BIM-ready. Larger projects will be required to use BIM for their
architectural designs by 2013 and for engineering designs by 2014; smaller projects, both public
and private, will be covered by 2015. The Singapore Building and Construction Authority runs
workshops and roadshows to raise awareness.
International speakers set out progress in BIM use in their home territories, while case studies
covered examples from the local region, such as the Singapore Sports Hub and a new block at
Singapores School of Medicine. Construction company and project owner Woh Hup described a
residential complex at Keppel Bay, Australia, where the use of BIM ensured that the design intent
of the roof crown of the six towers could be realised in practice.
The conference served to educate the audience on the challenges and benefits of using BIM,
concluded Cheng Tai Fatt, auditor, buildingSMART Singapore. The aim was to reinforce the point
that BIM is the definitive way to smart construction.
Case study
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Company Profile
BIM SERVICES
Construction Management
P.O.Box 61576, Abu Dhabi, UAE - Tel. +971 2 635 9777 - Fax +971 2 681 1309 - Email bim@ogeremirates.ae
O f f i c e s : UA E S a u d i A r a b i a L e b a n o n I n d i a - M o r o c c o P h i l i p p i n e s Tu n i s i a Fr a n c e
ISO Certified 9001 (2008) + ISO 14001 (2004) - US Green Building Council - Emirates Green Building Council
Corporate Member
10
Gerard
Couturier,
Oger
International
Abu dhabi
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BIM OR BURST
11
nvironment
nvironment
Corporate Headquarters
Causeway Technologies Ltd
Comino House, Furlong Road, Bourne End, Buckinghamshire SL8 5AQ
t: +44 (0)1628 552000 f: +44 (0)1628 552001 e: info@causeway.com
Middle East office
Causeway Middle East
1202 Tower B, Business Central Towers, Dubai Internet City, Dubai UAE
t: +971 (0)443 42119 e: MEmarketing@causeway.com
www.causeway.com
12
www.causeway.com
To Conclude
software
for the built
By embracing innovative technology,
working
collaboratively and deploying BIM processes to help save
on time, cost and carbon emissions, companies across
the built environment will be able to deliver projects of a
higher quality and within an environment of lower risk.
Author :
Tim Cole
Eur.Ing., C.Eng., BSc.(Hons), M.I.ChemE
Executive Vice President, Strategy, Causeway Technologies
8 About Causeway
Causeway is the only global
software provider to support
the complete life cycle of
the built environment, from
feasibility, through construction,
to facilities management.
Specifically designed to reduce
the cost of construction and
maintenance, their products
form an interoperable end
to end solution for improving
the profitability and improve
environmental performance of
the clients.
Find more of our articles at:
www.causeway.com/news
environment
13
Abdelrahman
Muneer,
PR & Communications
Officer, Tekla
Middle East
BACKGROUND
The Seattle Tunnel Partners design-build contractor
team hired HNTB as the designer for the State Route
99 Tunnel project which will replace the Alaskan Way
Viaduct section of State Route 99 along Seattles
waterfront with a 16-meter inside diameter bored
tunnel beneath downtown Seattle. The existing
Alaskan Way Viaduct section is an elevated roadway
that is at risk of failure from earthquakes. As a
member of the Seattle Tunnel Partners, HNTB is
providing the design services for the tunnel and
the two associated operations buildings. Initial
construction activities began in fall 2011.
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HNTB IN A GLANCE
The US-based HNTB Corporation is an employeeowned infrastructure firm serving federal, state,
municipal, and private clients. Professionals
provide award-winning planning, design, program
management and construction management services.
For nearly a century, HNTB has helped create
infrastructure that best meets the unique demands
of its environment. With client relationships spanning
decades, HNTB understands infrastructure life cycles
and has the perspective to solve technical challenges
with clarity and imagination. The company sees and
helps to address far-reaching issues of financing,
legislation, design, construction, community outreach
and ongoing operations. As employee-owners
committed to the highest levels of performance, HNTB
enables clients to achieve their goals and inspiring
visions.
TOGETHER
WE DO IT ALL
FOR THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR
LASER
SCANNING
T
Trimble
CX Laser Scanner
3D MODELING
Structures
T
Tekla
Structu
res
CONSTRUCTION
LAY
A OUT
AY
LAYOUT
T
Trimble
Field Link
PROJECT
MANA
MAN
AGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Prolog
P
r
Softwaree
Tekla Structures
es
CLASH DETECTION
& PROJECT
COLLABORATION
A
ATION
T
Tekla
BIMsight
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15
issue 24
ARTICLE 1
Spatial
definition and
calculation
Chuck Eastman,
Director,
Digital Building
Lab, Georgia
Tech
Owners
should demand
that space
calculations on
their projects
be based on
smart BIM space
objects... In
this computer
age, we should
not accept
practices
that naturally
involve
errors and
approximation.
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16
ARTICLE 2
stub in most restaurant bills, check cashing and other financial operations,
why do we still accept manual operations in rental space calculation that
have only limited validation?
Instead of holding onto the past, we should work towards improving the
future, figuring the next steps to make Architecture-Engineering-Construction
and Operations more predictable. More work is needed. Currently, there
are written rules for deriving the gross area for a building. It addresses such
issues as calculating external ramps and stairs, the distinction between
sun screens and structural elements, and so forth. But I am not aware of
an automated and validated implementation of such a perimeter-defining
operation.
The current BIM object model for spaces is not perfect. The definition works
for vertical walls and flat floors, but ignores vertical changes in wall surfaces,
and floors and ceilings made of complex surfaces (such as sloping walls,
stars or ramps). These are also not easily addressed by humans so ignoring
them is thought excusable. We still are missing effective algorithms in our
BIM tools for dealing with the volume of air in a building. How far off are
our energy calculations because of sloppy numbers? How much volume is
filled with furniture and equipment, reducing the actual volume? The volume
calculation is readily available in most geometric modelling libraries but
hasnt been demanded by users.
The larger issue is that with building information modelling, we have moved
past hand-drawn accuracy for design and construction. We have the
potential of using laser scan accuracy for all our work, leading to fewer RFIs,
less air leakage, more accurate leases and operating costs and improved
construction quality. Buildings are occupied by people and uncertainty
will always exist about some aspects of building performance. But there is
no need to be sloppy when objective measures can be generated in our
computer tools. The automatic calculation of spaces is also several orders
of magnitude faster than a human drawing polygons. Lets spend the time
being more productive.
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eSMART1
17
issue 24
CASE STUDY
Mixed use
community in
the UAE
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18
Building Footprint
Building Summary
Parking Demand
Parking Supply
Land Uses
Open Spaces
Plot Summary
The next step of the process was for the planners to configure the mass
prototypes into the locations and push/pull them into the required shapes.
As these modifications were being made to the models the schedules were
constantly being updated, reflecting the actual area calculations based
on the rule-based recipes. This is the great differentiator of BIM versus a
CAD/Spreadsheet methodology. The results were instant, and the data was
centrally located and easily manipulated and verifiable.
In an advanced BIM process one is further able
to establish a bi-directional relationship, where
changes in the schedule would cause modification
of the model itself. This is clearly a more complex
relationship, and certain rules must be established
as to how the mass will adapt
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RULE-BASED RELATIONSHIPS
The prototype objects were configured according
to specific recipes; that is, rule-based associations
that determine the relationship of the various
parameters. The relationship of these parameters,
was dependant on the particular function of the
prototype (eg. High Density Residential or Mixed
Use) and also reflected building code and client
requirements. For example parking spaces should
be determined at 1 space per every 100sqm of
lettable office space, or 1 per dwelling unit. Or that
High Density Residential space should be equal
to 23% of total built up area. Alternatively these
parameters could be fixed figures, such as minimum
dwellings required.
A further benefit of generating the BIM model for this type of project was
the ability to render the schemes to our visualization team without waiting
for the masses to be generated. Once again saving time for our delivery
team
19
issue 25
ARTICLE 1
Functions of
Parametric Modelling
BIM VS 3D
To the layperson a building information model
is often seen as little more than a geometric
representation of a building. BIM, however requires
sophisticated task-specific software, highly trained
operators and complex processes to integrate,
manage and collaborate the information. What is the
added benefit of a BIM, what makes it different to a
3D model, and why should organisations invest in
this intricate and multifarious process?
WHY DO I NEED BUILDING INFORMATION
MODEL IF I HAVE A 3D MODEL?
A 3D model is a static geometric representation
of an object. It may be spatially accurate, it may
even have a photo-realistic material representation,
however it has little or no meaningful association to
the object that is supposed to represent.
3D models are typically created in non-industryspecific software. An object is constructed as an
arrangement of geometries the identity of the
element is irrelevant.
A 3D model is a valuable asset in its own right, and
can be used for:
SO WHY CHANGE?
Spatial coordination of 3D models has limited
value. Areas can be visualised, however volumes
or surface areas cannot be extracted. Elements
have limited identity in a 3D model. A clash may be
detected between two entities, even automatically,
however there is no identity to the elements, nor any
association between them.
This is dramatically different in the BIM environment
where one is not simply interested in detecting
the collision of entities, but more the relationship
between them. Rule-checking assessments can be
undertaken on a BIM to manage a sophisticated
level of associations: that doors have sufficient swing
opening clearance, that stair landings achieve their
minimum required length, or that handrails achieve
their minimum height.
Construction sequencing is a similar example. A
3D model can be linked to a construction schedule,
such that the model can appear to develop as the
programme progresses. However there is limited
logic behind this. The script is simply to link a
scheduled task to an object, and as the programme
progresses the linked model elements become
visible or change colour. The link between the task
and the element is arbitrary. The task could be linked
easily to a steel truss as to a light-bulb, without
affecting the programme.
In the context of BIM the scheduling software will
read the identity and properties of an element.
For example, if a task is linked to a concrete
footing, the duration of that task will correspond to
the volume of concrete represented in the model
and the production rate associated to the task. If
the footing is reduced in size in the model, or the
production rate is increased, the task duration will
be diminished.
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20
ARTICLE 2
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issue 25
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ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS
Parametric modelling can be used create
customised and adaptive components, such as
connections for steel, concrete, etc... One can
enhance the connection intelligence by adding
behavioural descriptions and rules to the different
parameterized connection parts (e.g. stiffener, bolt)
and by adding operations (in general Boolean, in
practice cutting, drilling, ), see Figure 10.
CONCLUSION
Parametric modelling is the foundation of BIM.
It recognises and orders model elements as
controlled and adaptive property-driven entities,
rather than static geometric representations.
Understanding the power of parametric
modelling enables the correct operation of a
building information model as a dynamic and
responsive database of information. This opens
up a world of powerful functionality and activity
integration.
22
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Parametric
Design
23
issue 25
CASE STUDY
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24
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25
issue 25
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27
issue 26
ARTICLE 1
Synchronized
Specifications
MODEL ATTRIBUTES
Parametric objects are the building blocks of a
building information model. Although historically
the term parametric referred to the definition of
geometry (form) by controlled values, it has now,
more accurately, come to refer to any manner of
content that can be attributed to an object - and
in fact need not relate to a geometric object at all.
One is tempted to think that the more parameters an
object contains the greater its value. This is true to
a point, however there is an equally valid concern
that a data model may become overladen with
superfluous content that does little to benefit the
project and much to hinder it.
PARAMETRIC OBJECTS
The original concept of a parametric object referred
to the ability to define and control the geometry of
an object by modifiable parameter values. The most
basic parameters of an object would be those of
dimension - height, width, depth. In more complex
objects, the parameters would include finer elements
of the object, such as glazing type, frame profile and
mode of operation (eg casement, awning sliding)
as well as associative behaviour (such as the
automatic joining of adjacent perpendicular walls).
In todays BIM lexicon geometric properties are only
one set of attributes among a virtual sea of possible
descriptors. Other parameters may include material
composition, thermal properties, location, product
type, unit cost, schedule number or erection status.
Most BIM authoring software allow for customised
parameters. Typically this is fairly open-ended
allowing for the user to create un-controlled
parameter fields and value entries. Adding custom
parameters can be valuable in defining detailed
descriptors of the element (such as manufacturer
details, hardware, finishes). However they can
equally become overloaded with arbitrary or highlyspecific information that is of little or no value to the
broader project team.
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28
ARTICLE 2
INTEGRATED SPECIFICATIONS
Integrating the specifications with a building
information model fulfils one of the great promises of
BIM; to be able to use a single point of reference to
facilitate and coordinate complimentary processes.
However it also raises fundamental questions
regarding information management. For example,
how can multiple parties access the same model
element simultaneously, and what is the (useful)
extent of information that can be embedded in a
model?
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29
issue 26
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The bindings consider the individual components of the assemblies (eg if it is a steel or wood
frame) and references the relevant section for the master specification document.
PROJECT CONTEXT
The BIM-integrated specifications process should
construct the specifications according to projectspecific conditions, such as location or building
type. This accommodates the variation in specifying
a particular element depending on whether the
building were a gaol or a school, or whether the
project were located in Abu Dhabi or Zurich. The
process involves defining specific accounts (eg for
school or gaol) and then activating these accounts,
like a filter system, to modify the individual bindings.
30
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The term Building Information Modeling (BIM) generates approximately 2.5 Million internet searches a mo
BIM gaining more and more hype and media coverage, thousands of websites and blogs are emerging bo
users with information!
Whether you are a BIM newbie or an expert it is hard to find the time or the patience to wade through the
of information available online hence www.thebimhub.com. Our goal is to gather a very large BIM Com
one place" to network, educate, share and provide Information.
Visit www.thebimhub.com and register to become a member of our community!
onth! With
ombarding
e plethora
mmunity in
NETWORK
PROMOTE
TRAIN
RESEARCH
SHARE
33
issue 26
CASE STUDY
Gilfillan Callahan
Nelson Architects
Gilfillan
Callahan Nelson
uses a BIMintegrated
process to
accelerate the
spec writing
process on
projects like
this 72,000
square foot
fitness & aquatic
complex.
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Figure 1: The Binding Manager is used to manage the associations from the model object
Assembly Codes to the specification tags.
34
SYNCHRONISATION
Gilfillan Callahan Nelson found one of the great
benefits of using integrated specifications was
the speed and convenience of the automated
preparation of the project specification manual. The
most significant benefit, however, was the assurance
that the models and specifications would remained
synchronised.
This was monitored through a series of reporting
mechanisms, such as the Assembly Report, which
provided a summary of all the model elements and
resulting specification sections. Any elements in the
model that were identified as having no specification
link could be assigned to the relevant spec section
through the binding manager. Similarly, if any section
of the specification project were found not to be
associated to the model, it would also be identified
as such and could be reassigned or deleted.
Figure 2: Illustration of how the model elements can be linked to required specification
information.
RESULTS
Gilfillan Callahan Nelson achieved significant time
savings, cost reductions and improved productivity
and quality with the adoption of BIM-integrated
specifications.
The first time Callahan used it was on a 40,000
square foot municipal building. It was an
Architectural BIM Model, so integrating non-linked
spec sections was crucial, Callahan said. With
the help of our support staff we managed to import
specification sections from multiple consultants,
query the model, insert additional sections, then
review, edit and publish the specification manual
over a long weekend! That would normally have
taken 1-2 weeks
Already in use by Project Architects and Project
Managers in all of the firms offices, the integrated
solution promises even higher productivity in the
future. Gilfillan Callahan Nelson is also coordinating
and managing their cost estimating software to
make design changes in real time, knowing their
specifications are coordinated.
This round trip information, starting with information on the model which
is used to generate the specification language, which is then provided
back to the models for keynoting and annotations, helps ensure that the
entire construction documentation package is accurate and complete.
The software also verifies that all the keynotes in the model (including
those on reused details or newly created annotations) have a
corresponding reference to the specification documents if required.
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Figure 3: Managing and validating the Project Keynotes directly in the BIM Models.
35
issue 27
ARTICLE 1
Interoperability
Standards
Winn Gomez,
buildingSMART
MENA & India
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36
ARTICLE 2
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37
issue 27
ARTICLE 3
UNDERSTANDING BUILDINGSMART
STANDARDS
The Information Delivery Manual (IDM)
An Information Delivery Manual (IDM) responds
to the problems identified in the previous article
by proposing a methodology that captures
business processes in projects, and developing
specifications of detailed user information
exchange requirements. The IDM defines, in the
language and perspective of the professional
participant, what information must be contained
in the contracted exchange. The Process maps
generated as a result of identifying the IDM,
defines selected activities throughout the project
delivery process and the information exchanged
between them. The IDM is usually developed by
domain experts, independent of the data exchange
standard.
The IDM consists of three parts
1.The Process Maps
The Process map describes the flow of activities
for a particular business process. It enables
understanding of the configuration of activities that
are required, the users involved, the information
required, consumed and produced.
2.The Exchange Requirements
All details of the requirements are described
according to business concepts that have to
be mapped to IFC or other data structures. This
information structures requirements, defining
further details about the concepts, highlighting
the difference between required ,mandatory and
optional information requirements.
3.Functional parts and Business Rules
The functional part is a unit of information used
by the solution providers to support an exchange
requirement. It is usually a schema in its own right,
but also a subset of the full standard on which it is
based.
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issue 28
ARTICLE 1
Not Just
CAD++
When BIM software began emerging in the
mainstream market some seven years ago, it was
regarded by many as CAD++. That is an enhanced
and more efficient way of doing exactly what was
being done before. The misconception was that
nothing really had changed.
Jan Karlshj
M.Sc. IDA, CTO,
Partner
buildingSMART
Nordic, Chairman
International
IDM coordinator
Basically
BCF [The BIM
Collaboration
Format]
introduces
a workflow
communication
capability
connected to
IFC models.
The idea is to
separate the
communication
from the actual
model.
SILO BIM
The next phase of BIM development was the BIM
in Silos phenomenon. BIM in Silos, sometimes
termed littlebim , refers to the practice of BIM
within a single discipline, exclusive of multi-model
/ multi-discipline collaboration. Truth be told, this is
where much of BIM practices are currently at.
The benefits of this process are nonetheless
substantial; both for the authoring party and
other project members. Silo BIM
harnessing the benefits of a
central model for the
rapid production
of accurate
and
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synchronised
drawings,
schedules and
other data, however
only within a single
discipline. There is no model
exchange, and therefore no
true BIM collaboration. Although
documentation is produced in a
live BIM environment, all drawings and
documentation are published to other
quantities
from the
model and
links to his
cost estimation
spreadsheet. If the
model is changed the
quantities also change, and
this is automatically reflected in
the cost estimation software, without
the need for intervention by the quantity
surveyor.
This realm of BIM data content is the subject of
the following article.
40
Figure 1: the BIM Pyramid. Source: Steve Jones, Product Manager Tekla BIMsight
Figure 1: the BIM Pyramid. Source: Steve Jones, Product Manager Tekla BIMsight
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ARTICLE 2
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issue 28
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42
BIM
Collaboration
Format
Tekla Corporation and Solibri, Inc. introduced to
the buildingSMART organization an idea of using
open standards to enable workflow communication
between different BIM (Building Information
Modelling) software tools. These firms have
developed an XML schema, called BCF, to encode
messages that inform a software package of issues
found in the BIM model by another software tool.
The implication is that only those issues, and not
the entire BIM, need to be communicated between
software and that this simple capability will enable
a degree of collaboration. This XML schema and
capability have already been built into several
software package including, Tekla Structures, Tekla
BIMsight, Solibri Model Checker, DDS MEP and
Architecture, CQ-Tools for Revit and other software.
In most real-life projects the user of
a tool for one discipline will import
IFC models from other disciplines.
If there is an issue related to one of
the imported models, the efficient
process will be to raise that issue
so they can be resolved in the BIM
authoring application from where this
model originated. The responsibility
for maintaining and updating this
model will in many/most cases be
assigned to the author of the model.
Instead of adding information directly
into an IFC model as a property
set or whatever and send the whole
thing back (which could be an
alternative), the issues are described
using BCF with direct links to objects
in the model(s) with the issue(s).
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CASE STUDY
43
issue 29
ARTICLE 1
BIM Integrated
Lifecycle
Management
Frank Sarno,
Director of
construction
applications,
Ryan Companies
Increasingly
sophisticated
technologies
are improving
our
Infrastructure
Lifecycle
Management
processes, and
enabling us to
leverage BIM
in a much more
powerful way.
Plan
Infrastructure
Lifecycle
Management(ILM)
Operational Business
Processes and Data
Building
Information
Modeling(BIM)
Digital Design Model
Plan
Build
Operate
Build
Operate
. Project Pipelines
. Budget Development
. Scope Development
. Budget Approvals
. Funding Approvals
. Asset Management
. Equipment Assets
. Location Assets
. Maintenance Mgmt
. Work Orders
. Conceptual Design
. Iteractive Designs
. Architectural BIM
. Structural BIM
. MEP BIM
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ARTICLE 2
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issue 29
ARTICLE 3
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Date
Description
6/10/2008
BIM Export 1
A10 - Foundations
7/25/2008
BIM Export 2
B10 - Superstructure
8/2/2008
BIM Export 3
6.088.000
Pending Approval
8/12/2008
BIM Export 4
5.125.000
Pending Approval
14.536.000
11.213.000
Scope
Amount
Budget Column
4.335.000
10.201.000
Knowledge Economic
City, Saudi Arabia
Building owners, construction, energy and engineering firms, and public agencies use Meridian
software to effectively manage capital building and facility renovation programs.
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issue 29
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issue 30
ARTICLE 1
Green is Good
Alexander
Kolpakov
(Mech. Eng.
LEED AP, PMP)
BIM Project
Manager,
Oger
International
Abu Dhabi
Managing
sustainability
in the BIM
environment
requires one to
strictly define
BIM project
requirements
from the
outset, and
have the
necessary
mechanisms to
ensure these
are fulfilled.
In most cases
the party
inputting
design data
upstream, would
not be the
same as the
party analyzing
this data
downstream.
Consequently
it demands a
coordinated
collaborative
approach.
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Sustainable siting
Energy performance
Water efficiency
Indoor environmental quality
Material and resource management
Lean construction and site utilisation
Certified
Silver
Gold
Platinum
40-49 points,
50-59 points,
60-69 points,
80 points and above.
50
26
required
Rating from
prev. worksheet
Value to
Resp Party
High / Med /
Low
BIM
Capability
Rating
Scale 1-3
(1 = Low)
Site Selection
LEED
Arch
Client
Site Development
LEED
Arch
Civil
Construction
Client
Transport Provisions
LEED
Arch
Specification
Client
W ater Management
LEED
Arch
Specification
Construction
Client
Energy Performance
LEED
Arch
MEP
Specification
Procurement
Construction
Client
Indoor Quality
LEED
Arch
MEP
Specification
Procurement
Construction
Client
Outdoor Quality
LEED
Arch
Construction
Client
Material Selection
LEED
Arch
Specification
Procurement
Construction
Client
Construction Planning
LEED
Construction
Client
Construction Resources
LEED
Arch
Procurement
Construction
Client
Non-BIM
Capability
Rating
Scale 1-3
(1 = Low)
Resources
Value to
Project
BIM
Weigting
Additional Resources /
Competencies Required to
Implement
Notes
1 = Full BIM
0 = No-BIM
Proceed
with Use
YES / NO /
MAYBE
Experience
LEED Activity
Competency
Resources
Competency
Experience
ARTICLE 2
BIM Function
Sustainable Sites
Construction Planning
Site Selection
Site Analysis
Site Development
Programming
Site Selection
Site Analysis
Transport Provisions
Programming, Design
Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation - Bicycle Storage and Charging Rooms Transport Provisions
Programming, Design
Transport Provisions
Programming, Design
Transport Provisions
Programming
Site Development
Design
Site Development
Design
Figure 1: Example of Individual Credit Items (from LEED Checklist) assigned to LEED activity groups. Refer to Appendix for complete worksheets.
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51
REFERENCE INFO.
BIM FUNCTION
LEED
All Disciplines
MEP Model
Structural Model
Civil Model
MEP Model
Structural Model
Civil Model
LEED
Specification
Writing
Check Material
Selection
LEED
Progressive
LEED Assessment
Engineering
Analysis
Perform Energy
Analysis
Construction Documents
Architectural Model
Preliminary
LEED Assessment
Design
Authoring
Construction Documents
Architectural Model
Engineering
Analysis
All Disciplines
Design
Authoring
Author Construction
Documents
Construction Documents
LEED
Assess Design
Criteria
Construction Documents
Construction
Documents
LEED
Perform Energy
Analysis
Design Development
LEED
Specification
Writing
Check Material
Selection
Design Development
LEED
Site Analysis,
Programming
& Design
Authoring
Assess Design
Criteria
Design Development
Developed
LEED Criteria
Coordinated BIM
Existing
Conditions
Modeling &
Design
Authoring
Develop BIM
Design Development
Project LEED
Checklist
Programming
Determine LEED
Objectives
Planning
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INFORMATION EXCHANGE
Preliminary
LEED Criteria
Contractor
Civil Model
Structural Model
MEP Model
Architectural Model
Issued to Site
Site Utilization
& Construction
Planning
Construction Control
& Planning
Construction
Synthesis
3D Macro
Coordination
Coordinate Shop
Drawings
Construction
Subcontractor
Finalised
Fabrication Models LEED Criteria
Performance
Assessment
Engineering
Analysis
Procurement
Construction
Planning
LEED
Final
LEED Assessment
Construction
Method
Assess Construction
Resources
Construction
LEED
Assess Construction
Planning
Construction
LEED
Certify Material
Selection
Construction
LEED
Building System
Analysis
Construction
LEED
Assess Final
Documentation
Construction
Contractor
Record Model
Compile Record
Model
Operations
Record Model
52
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ARTICLE 3
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issue 31
ARTICLE 1
Theme:
Information
Logistics
INFORMATION DEFICIENCIES IN THE AEC
INDUSTRY
The prevalence of inaccurate and deficient
information has become an increasing problem for
the AEC industry. The most important requirement
for making good decisions is information, and poor
quality data limits the effectiveness of the decisionmaking process and significantly impacts project
delivery.
Lars Chr
Christensen
Senior Advisor,
multiBIM
The important
thing for the
owner is to make
sound decisions
as early as
possible
utilising the
decision support
and improved
information
logistics that
BIM can enable.
Availability of
information
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Ability to
make changes
CONCEPT
DESIGN
DOCUMENTATION
CONSTRUCTION
56
DID YOU
KNOW...?
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
ARTICLE 2
BUILDINGSMART
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issue 31
CASE STUDY
Sorbonne
University, UAE
to accommodate them into the steel and GRC
fabrication process. By doing this the team avoided
further conflicts and potential delays on site and sped
up the installation process.
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AS-BUILT VALIDATION
Using laser-scanning surveying devices to get the
as-built coordinates, digital as-built information
was superimposed on the structural model. This
was then validated against the theoretical exact
locations of the components as per the design.
Coordination between the main contractor,
and the steel and faade subcontractors was a
challenge that was overcome with the help of
BIM. Changes to the as-built models from the
design were communicated to the subcontractors
58
Cast-in-place concrete
work performed
(out-of-tolerance)
Cladding system
delivered and
installed)
Curtain-wall delivered
and installed
Curtain-wall updated
per on-site conditions
Coordinated
t-up in the eld
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ARTICLE 1
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ARTICLE 2
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issue 32
ARTICLE 3
RULE CHECKING
While simulation models offer extensive features to
mimic human behavior during evacuation times,
they do not necessarily fully address Building
code requirements. Especially, when designers
must provide answers such as: True or False,
or Yes or No, etc. To provide such answers,
Building Rule-checking is needed. The complexity
of architectural design and requirements of building
code generated a huge momentum for the creative
automation solutions of rule-checking.
Rule-checking deals with the assessment of
design proposals based on the configuration its
elements, their relations or attributes. Research and
development of rule-checking tools for buildings
started two decades ago. However, effective tools
have just started to surface.
Eastman and his research team at Georgia Tech
suggests a 4-step process for implementing
automated rule checking [3]. These include:
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62
DESIGN SYNTHESIS
PROCESS
IFC FILE
FLOOR PLANS
BIM ATTRIBUTES
IN SPREAD SHEET
CLEANED FLOOR
PLANS
FEED DATA TO
EVACUATION
SIMULATION TOOL
SIMULATION
SETUP
RULE CHECK
SETUP
RULE-CHECKING RULES
RUN
A NUMBER OF
SIMULATIONS USING
PARAMETERS RANGES
RUN RULE-CHECKS
EXPORT NUMERICAL
OR BOOLEAN
ANALYSIS RESULTS
EXPORT NUMERICAL
ANALYSIS RESULTS
NORMALIZED
CALCULATIONS TO
GENERATE PIs
NOT ACCEPTED
ACCEPTED
PHASE COMPLETED
EVALUATE
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
SUMMARY
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Evacuation is an important metric for measuring design safety. It is best appreciated when
an unexpected disaster takes place. Evacuation is typically measured through analysis then
evaluation via hand calculations, simulation models, or rule checking. Not all of the current
building evacuation analysis tools offer direct integration within BIM authoring tools. However,
it is possible to use the sharable representations among BIM authoring tools and evacuation
simulation and rule checking tools. A process diagram was proposed to facilitate such integration
of evacuation performance analysis and evaluation with BIM-based synthesis process.
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issue 33
ARTICLE 1
Designer
other
Specialist
Cost
Estimator
CM/PM
BIM
coo
r d i n atio
Facility
Manager
Owner
BIM Manager
PRO
JECT LIFECYCLE
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Constructor
Developer
Mimi Westhorpe,
Virtual Design
and Construction
Engineer at
HOCHTIEF ViCon
ARTICLE 2
64
The first mandatory component of BIM-supported construction is defining the right processes.
As the basis for all model based activities, the right processes can be the difference between the
success and failure of a BIM Implementation. BIM processes should be defined and monitored
by the BIM Manager considering the project life-cycle, for example:
PROCESS
PEOPLE
The team is the success. No achievement would be possible without the right people on board.
Knowing that BIM is still a new frontier in the AEC (architecture, engineering, construction)
industry, the challenge of finding and nurturing the right team of people is ongoing. The BIM
Managers role is also responsible for:
TECHNOLOGY
The conventional IT environment in construction projects today often requires enhancements
to support the proper usage and utilisation of 3D models. An appropriate and cost effective
set up of hardware and software has to be defined by the BIM Manager. Additionally, the data
exchange and storage processes have to be defined and managed. The BIM Manager must be
in charge of the following:
POLICY
Complete and successful BIM Implementation requires having BIM in contracts. The BIM
Manager should take care to create clear and thorough technical specifications to be the basis
for the model development and exchange. Project conditions must at a minimum clarify the
following:
The project guidelines and contracts in relation to BIM
Building standards
The ownership of deliverables and associated intellectual properties
Risks and insurance implications that could be encountered
For a successful BIM Implementation, the BIM Manager must be capable of integrating and
managing all those components.
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issue 33
In light of the new requirements of the role of BIM Manager, his positioning within the project organisation is
critical. The organizational chart in Figure 3 shows the BIM Manager in a central role, directly between the
client and the Project Management. The positioning enables him to ensure a life cycle BIM approach, get all
stakeholders involved, encourage a top down strategy, and measure the project performance independently of
the client or developer.
Tech
n
e
pl
BIM
Pro
es
Cost estimation
Quantity take-off
Change management
Operation & maintenance
Design creation and coordination
Scheduling and Progress Monitoring
Manage
r
BIM
ogy
ol
li c
This explains that the modern role of the BIM Manager not only means taking care of the digital 3D model, but
ensuring that all BIM related tasks are overseen in parallel; the new role is, in fact, many roles. An important
aspect of this is the understanding that the BIM Manager supports the project life-cycle approach and is not
only focussing on a particular project phase like the design. Now the role also includes supporting HR, IT and
legal departments in their work. He is the BIM Manager, 2.0.
Pe
o
65
Po
Building standards
Risks and insurance
Ownership of deliverables
Project guidelines and contracts
Figure 2 shows four components that surround a successful BIM implementation: process, people, technology
and policy. Encircling them is the Management (in this case, the BIM Manager), who leads them to work in
unison. It is in these four key components, that we can identify the roles evolved requirements.
With this role progression, how does yesterdays BIM Manager, become todays new and improved BIM
Manager 2.0? Training and education become the key considerations. Along with prerequisite skills such as onsite experience, CAD Software skills and the usual gamut of competencies, it is important to find someone who
is proactive and willing to learn. Training on the job, and continued professional development (CPD) courses are
vital. Certification by BIM competent education centres and probationary periods for junior BIM Managers will
enable thorough understanding of the complexity of the role.
As the AEC industry strives to develop and refine its standard roles and processes to continue to be
competitive, so too does the BIM Manager need to grow. With the myriad challenges facing BIM implementation
in construction today, the difference between success and failure will surely be a versatile BIM Manager.
Project
Developer
BIM Manager
PM/CM
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Designer
Figure 3: Organisational Chart with BIM Manager
Consultant
Contractor
66
CASE STUDY
For a complex 38 storey hotel building located in the Cairo city centre, the client requested the use of sophisticated
BIM methodology. The scope of desired applications for this project comprised design coordination, quantity
estimation, construction progress monitoring, 4D simulation, and overall project visualisation. In order to realise a
successful implementation of this comprehensive BIM scope and to accompany and manage all transitions from
standard working practices to BIM centric methods with a minimum of friction, a dedicated BIM Manager was
engaged for an integrated approach to all BIM related processes, people, technology, and policy amendments.
PROCESS
A centralised method of information exchange
demands commitment from day one, which
needs to be followed at all times. Stakeholders
need to know exactly what data in which
format they should submit to whom, and when
to update. The same way they deserve to
know what kind of information at what times to
expect from their counterparts. Hence, while
producing and processing project information,
BIM always needs to be on peoples minds.
The coordination of all these requirements was
led by the BIM Manager from the beginning.
Initial BIM introduction meetings served as
platforms to address clearly and frankly
individual expectations and obligations to
stakeholders in order to manage the transition
process on the project. Concerns and opinions
from affected individuals were welcomed in
these discussions. As a result, all stakeholders
became aware of their benefits from a new
collaborative approach realized with BIM
and were willing to commit themselves to
a transparent and cooperative working
approach. The discussions were documented
by the BIM Manager in a set of project specific
Process Manuals, clearly reflecting individual
roles and responsibilities in light of the
commonly agreed procedures.
PEOPLE
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issue 33
TECHNOLOGY
Implementing BIM to such an extent meant
coordinating a wide range of new technology
and systems as well as adapting several
processes to establish a transparent and
centralized working environment. People in the
construction business, however, are largely
not used to working in BIM environments and
hence a smooth transition from decentralised
to centralised communication and information
exchange needs to be accompanied and
managed.
Typically during early project phases, individual
workloads on large scale construction projects
tend to be at their maximum. With BIM usually
implemented at the project commencement
rather than later, spare time to aquaint with
new software, technology or processes is
usually rare. In consequence learning curves
need to be quick, and ideally any derived BIM
information should be easy to understand and
ready to be processed out of the box.
For this project, it was decided to implement
BIM step by step according to requirements
arising during the projects developing
phases. The setup of collaboration and design
coordination tools marked the initial setup
of BIM onsite. An onsite meeting room was
nominated, and equipped with interactive
whiteboards for effective meeting support.
Computer hardware suitable for using
model and data viewer software, as well as
screensharing and other global communication
facilities were selected and installed by
the BIM Manager. Tools and software user
interfaces were kept simple, and contained
information that was current and reliable.
Additionally, the BIM Manager upgraded the IT
network and associated equipment in order to
ensure continuous availability of information.
POLICY
Working with centralised information, which
is comprehensive and ideally available at any
time contains risks e.g. data origin and access.
Who owns the Building Information Model?
Who is responsible for data correctness?
Who is allowed to access what kind of
information in a complex project?
Who is ensuring data safety and integrity at
all times?
Maintaining a dedicated BIM Manager on
site allowed BIM to have a central focal point
where questions like these, among others,
could be directed. In this project all roles,
obligations and responsibilities were clarified
from the beginning with the support of the
BIM Manager, and compiled in a set of central
documents. These documents comprised an
initial implementation plan for BIM, contractual
specifications for sub contractors and detailed
BIM modeling guidelines, clarifying all relevant
processes, data exchange formats, data
update cycles, responsibilities, etc.
The participants of the Cairo project had
very different levels of competence in BIM
related processes, tools and technologies.
This resulted in a high demand for the BIM
Manager.
His continued presense on site and tailored
education modules proved indispensible to
the voluntary acceptance of BIM methods, and
finally to a very successful implementation of
Building Information Modeling.
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RESEARCH
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69
issue 34
ARTICLE 1
Maher El Khaldi,
M.S.Arch
(Digital Design
& Fabrication),
S.M.Arch.S.
(Design and
Computations),
B.Arch Project
Consultant at
Gehry
Technologies.
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ARTICLE 2
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ARTICLE 3
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issue 35
ARTICLE 1
BIM Implementation
& Execution Plans
WHERES MY BIM IN A BOX
Perhaps you are intrigued by the proposition of
BIM and want to take it for a test drive, or you may
already be convinced of the benefits and are eager
to roll it out. So how do you get started? Where is the
BIM in a box, and where are the instructions?
Mark Baldwin,
BIM Journal
Editor
Category
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DESIGN
ANALYSIS
Structural analysis, energy analysis, lighting analysis, model auditing, code checking
CONSTRUCTION
Site utilisation, construction sequencing (4D) cost estimation (5D), digital fabrication, BIM-to-field
OPERATION
DATA
MANAGEMENT
Collaborative platforms, change management, issue reporting & tracking, managing metadata, linking
databases, interoperability and file exchange
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issue 35
CASE STUDY
buildingSMART
Level 2 Training
BIM Process
Management
buildingSMART Middle East has developed an
openBIM training programme that addresses key
concepts and issues surrounding BIM operation.
The Level 2 training certificate, titled BIM Process
Management, is a two-day course that overviews
BIM functions and processes, and examines how an
organisation can develop a customised strategy for
BIM deployment.
DAY-ONE
Day one of the course defines the various BIM
functions that may be deployed within a project
environment. It also provides a strategy for
organisations to determine their current BIM
capability and future aspirations. The course
provides a framework in which participants can
identify realistic goals specific to their area of
operations, and introduces a BIM Planning Template
through which participants can develop a roadmap
to achieve these goals.
BIM FUNCTIONS
Building information modelling is a vast and varied
field, covering a broad scope of activities. These
activities, or BIM Functions, can be roughly
grouped into five categories outlined in the previous
article:
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
DATA MANAGEMENT
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ANALYSIS
refers to secondary applications, often undertaken
by a party who may not have authored the model
themselves. Analysis activities include structural
analysis, energy analysis, green building
certification, lighting analysis, mechanical system
analysis, as well as other specialty disciplines.
This category also includes model auditing, that is
validating model integrity (how well is it built?) and
verifying the model against design parameters and
building code requirements.
CONSTRUCTION
functions refer to the deployment of BIM for
construction management. This includes
construction planning, (site utilisation, construction
system design and 3D control and planning) as
well as applications for construction sequencing
(4D) and quantity take-off and estimation (5D). This
section also examines shop drawing production
and integration with Computer Aided Manufacturing
(CAM). A significant part of this section addresses
BIM to Field activities such as establishing
construction set-out points and recording as-built
data and construction status.
OPERATION
refer to BIM functions that support facility
management. This includes record modelling (using
laser scanning devices to capture as-built data),
model maintenance and integrating the model with
Facilities Management software for asset or spatial
management, equipment tracking and maintenance
scheduling. The sections also examines how
a model can be reactivated for future facility
expansion.
DATA MANAGEMENT
examine best practices for BIM data structure
and exchange, and how multi-model data may be
regulated. This section includes an introduction
to collaborative platforms and electronic project
delivery systems, as well as key sessions on model
collaboration, change management and issue
reporting & tracking. This section also includes
functions relating to interoperability and exchange
formats (such as IFC), managing metadata and
linking multiple databases (models and text files).
76
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