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    Copper for Busbars Calculation

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    Copper for Busbars

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    45 views91 pages

    Copper For Busbars Calculation

    Uploaded by

    Adam Thong Chee Hung
    Copper for Busbars

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 91
    Q ‘Scanned Copy of 1996 version Copper for Busbars COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (CDA Publication 22, une 1996 (Reprinted Jnwsry 200) (COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (Lint! by guns) i & osaradngorpansaton sponsored by he copper producers and fiers fnsourage th eof copper and copper ale and 1 proms he coat tn effet appcatn is servis, ics ict the pov of tect ‘ice an information, re sible to thone intr a th wan of ‘Coppa inall specs: The Acciona proves nk between serch Sod the ser ndbros and maine hae sont wil ee ‘Cpe Development Atscitons toghoat be wo MEMBERS, at Ist January 1996 ASARCO Ine Boliden MKM Lid ‘Thomas Bolton Copper Products Lid Brandeis Lid “The Brish Non Ferous Metals Federation Codelo Seviees Lit (Gccamines Commerciale at ple Inco Europe Lit [Noranda Sales Corporation of Canada Lid Pabors Mining Co Lid RTZ Limited Southern Peru Coppes Corporation ‘ZCCM (UK) Ld Copper Development association ' Grovelands Business Cente Boundary Way Nemel Hempstead ue infoseoppealanc org.uk ‘wv coppealance org uk for funding the repeat of this publication ‘With acknowiedlgements to Codsico Services Lad Prefce to 1984 Raton “This CDA pit has long been accpted a he sundae eferece work on busbar design. Tis ‘vee nd pte aon nerves recet progress e tehoclogy of arden a reicted ew tundra enpiectng pate. [A data and foul tive been meticted and the mated of pesean fines the ws of ‘Salta or computers The my vrables tobe cose ate ly explained sd spec aeton ‘as ban gven eterna hemos econo lonligs ore to nis cet crying capac Ter minima nsillaten css and ronning loses The efor, a usefl coprsoa Of tht ‘lec! an mechan! popes of igh conduc coper and sums. ExU atwaon has beet (Geno recorded jing cigs bah ybollng an wedi, Improvenens hve slo heen made to the seston dealing wth stn effects The inforaton on [npolance is een expued sat pone tr van cn now be farther pede The wbes ‘angst proper vs ben expanded as ave the examples of pic ales. The references ve ban upd once eset pebleions (CDA wishes 0 ocnowlege the considerable Iuip gin in the revion of thie text by Me-G M Bootsn, Chet ages, Busar Uni, Balfour Beaty Power Consmton Lid ant by [Mew Jeseres Cit Melo, Thomas Botlon& Soxs Ld. ao fr many Bell comments made ‘th tet by MF G Cay (lnplex GE. Li, Me A Jackson (OAMBICA), Med C Powe (Bai lst ein), Mr © Wright (Oserml Svehpear Ld and embers of the Bish Now-Fenoes “Meas Fenton High Caoductity Copper Grp. Prefice to 1996 Baton “This dion nes the ew BS EN copper llay designation and carecions eres wich appeared inthe care vero [BUSHAR DESIGN DATA DISK. 1a onder asst in the desig af lective bustar systems, CDA tas made avaible an icine ‘otiare progr tt lle epi busbar ef be ellie, aking ito secoustconligaton, ‘rrting tsp overl ite cost ‘CONTENTS. 1 Design Considerations ‘Types Bsa (hice of Basar ier 2 “Copper for Basba Purpose nnn ‘Types of High Coedacviy Copper stlibiogs “Tov pith ope, CWODKA tal CMNOSA Cid ad CAT yee is contd oper CMSA (ID oor cs oetand el wero cons, ‘Properties af Waugh HC Cappers nnn = ‘row rd Spec cna Dineen nd planed = 3 Gare 2 5 2 ° “The fue ven a Tale 7 ae approximate vases aplchlet 80 160 mm wide bbs or 105°C ‘pcaingeapentare and AC ante, The live ciety cal as alow ere em relive emisvy o Tm wlll = bale easy ofbody 1 erate ei of ty? ‘Tae eof heat tes by rion fiom a body (i gen o Wy-870«10%(tf Th) oy here em else eninty Ty = abate temperature of Boy LK ‘Ty abe emperaure of Body 2,K (Le, ambient epee of the soundings) Radin ix considered to gavel insight tes and leave te By at ight angles oi sue, The ‘Gaga shove defo te effective noses fo raion Lo coco of oman spe. Heat Generated bya Conductor “The ae at which hat i greeted per wien of conduc crying ret erent isthe roduc PR rts wore the ean owing inthe candor and Re estan peru leh. Theva fo the Tite cat lth eof ds busbar seme be elated das Hen De resis of he cpp oF epper lly. Wher sna bush sya is concerned ie esses fincresed du the ener of as {he crent fof in te ones safe ofthe conductor. ‘Ths alo Between the a ve of snc andi ‘responding eval calle skint ratio(ee Seton 4. Talal unity de spe Increases wi te faqueey athe pase of th conduct ana erent Rate of Heat geese ie «Conducts, 5. reioce pr eit eg, Qa ive x essa of ensue, (se howe) Approximate de Carret Ratings for Fat nd Round bars ‘The following quo ean be wd ota the spprosnate de. cat rating fr sage Ma rand ‘opp tubs caring a dec cutentThe egetons taste «anurlly brgh cope fash Where ‘cist sO. and were angs can Be Improves substantial by cing wih asa lack or siar ‘fc, The equator areas apprsitly te for a cet povided tthe sn eet sd pokey Ilo sty clos to 1.0, i re for many low exe ppaions Meade of eaculin for oe ‘ofiguratons and condons ca be ou in obese ects ©) Aatbasonedge: mA a [eran] where core A ‘Acros setonl r,t 2 =pecneter of onde, mm (6 temperate difernce between conductor an te ain, °C sc isos temperature coc of copper atthe ambi emetic, er = msiivyof operat te abies temper, iO en ©) otow ound brs: © Sida te ae [eaaef® ie temper of the contactor 50°C above an aio 4%C andthe ress of he ep at 20°C i 1724 ul, ten he stove formule Bene: © Rabas: Le rasatye® « 8) Hotow ound bus: Tessas 6 teu. 6 (8) Sold wand bes: re issats 6 righ condetity copper tubes whe unter and ms pe nit gh (8 Table 14) ae known, t where = sper engih of we = outside danse of te, en Reratingfor difereat curren or temperature ise conations “Were a busta syn so be med der nw cuten oemperte codons, the ftlowing fouls ‘Se tse a find the erespoading ow emer rise or aren vimtsa o where ymeunent 1, Ipscutent2,A temper far ea 1, °C ys temperatue te for eaent2 °C T= wing temper for cat 1, °C “T= wong temperate forcanent2, °C ‘a= temperate coeticent of sistance 120°C (= 000393) ‘ihe working temper fh basbar spe ithe same in each case (Le, Ty = T) fr example when r= tating fora ang i abet emperataein shes liste formula Benes Laminated ars ‘nen number of onda we in paral he tal cet cpu ss than he ating for single tur ncshe be of brs ted Ti due othe chatton fo conection a ada loses om he mer conductors To facie the matig of inereeved joins th sfacig between nite bars is on ‘nade egal the thle For 63 me hice up o 180 uv ie, mounted one with 6.3 sn {pucip, btwee Tomine, the solder ring ay be malpodty te folowing facts obtain ‘devo rang, ‘To ffaminaions —_ Malipying Boo 2 18 3 2s 4 32 5 39 6 44 8 ss 4 Alternating Current Eticts ia Busbars Sin Est ‘The apparel resins of «conduc avays higher for a. tan fr de"Te being magmatic oe ‘cet ya erating cures inractewith the contr, gear aback em, woh tens fo secs Ue ae inthe conductor. ‘The cent portans ofthe condor aflosed by the ete sumer of ies offs the nomber of le lnages decreasing a te edges are sppoacel. The slecromote re ‘roduc in his way by self inductance varie bath a mage nd pas hohe rw seton of nd, bein ter th ee and smaller ude he tice, The caren thee lls to crowd Jno tose ps fhe condoro in wich th opposing es, ia msi: ha sno the kno acl ‘necro the edges of Ma sip, producing whats known 8 org’ eet The suing ton ttn tent dens haste ele a lcs the apart esitance of he mio and eso Ince oes ‘Te of be apparent esata esstancs ek asthe skin fest rao seBe Where Rye resianceofcondtie Ro = de resin of condor “The map aod importance ofthe tect increases wth te fegenc, and ese, spe and thickness of coed, but sinepengen of he magi ofthe cureat evng. sould be od ta a the condi temperature Increases he kin eect ees ging oa ower than expel az resstnc a elevated ttre. ‘tana aluniiomeoadacor af eee seen. rz nocesbie in arg stration Copper ras “Team ffet ato of sald copper rots canbe eles from he formule derived by Mavwel Rayleigh std ther (len of the Baro Sander 1912) when xen) so5 +026 hens wi Whore Shines ain com DOE {oe As dameter of, agin, He p= eesti, uOtom t= pomeaiiy of oper} Fort copper at 20°C, p= 1.724 uO em ence v= 1066 10-20 x= 1207x107 fay wher Acrosesctins aa ofthe andy, a Fig. 4 Shin eft in HC copper rode at 20°C. Relation hetween diameter and and between RpRgand x where = 1.207 102 AN) (ot: Foe ales of estan 2. eee see Oe Ry) Copper tubes ‘Skin tfc in bun copper conducts fa unto ofthe hicks of te wal of he tte a th rato of tha ine fo the tube dlametr, an for a given sos setonl sea ean be eedued by ices the ‘abe ameter and eveing the wall aes. igre 5, Fre 6, and Figure 7, which have bon da fom formule derive by Dag (192) aod ‘Arp (1938), an be sb find he vai of stn ett or virions conde sects. In be case of abs (gre 5, canbe seen so obama shan tt ato values iio sable to ensure, whee pos low values of si). Fora given crustal arn the kin effect rt Tr a herpes tbe i toprelbly ower than tn for any form of sonducoe, Copper tibet, herlore, haven eaximist ‘iene as conducts of altering cen, parcel tos of gh agate oc igh Feuer “Theft of wal icknss oil for a 100 mam tr tabe cary SO erating cunt ‘eal sown slg uatcopper bars “The shin effet in Bt copper tes ances fs hice and width. Wi he ager las of condo, {Bra giv co sstinn tea of oper then fet in tin ar sep youll ess tha in cer ‘npr od bi renter the 2 ha be. Ils dependent onthe eo ofthe with othe hikes ofthe bar 1 uenes be chnes ofthe ber neresee A hi copper tp, ure, sore ecient ta 8 ‘ilekone wan alematng cue conduc Fae 7 cn be uot find he kn eet eo a as. “Square copper takes “Te shin ete ato for square copper bes canbe otic om Figure 8, Mig. 7 Skin eit fr rectangular conductors Fig. 5 Restance of HC copper tes, 100 mm outidedameer, dc nd SDH a Fig. 6 Skin eet fr ro nd tabs og tes Soe “| SV fe : be Proximity Het tw the foregoing comideraton sin ett a bon astned hat the cent elted anda sich {stance he etre ta he fet fhe caret ini ean be negieted, When condos se ‘See together, para i low vlage quent, frerdsorion of care deat ress fom the Inaracton of he magne eles of ter contacto Inthe same way a 8 ea. maybe induced ins conco byis.ovnmagee Nox, so muy the gle fu of on concur proce ah eam in aby cer conductor Suicenty went for tht et #0 be ston wo sch condos etry caren in opp detos ter compat elds ar opps w a8 hohe aed tendo fore os ater spt Tiersen decane of ux nkags run te abet [urs the cont and t tre In the me remote part, wc ads toa conzetation of tren in The djeer yrs beste opposing em iss misumum. the cet in th coodotrs ain the Se ‘Sein th nto reverb hy tend 1 crim the ore emote pars ofthe conductor “This fect, towns th foxy fs (or ‘Mage fet, tens usually 0 increase he agprE’ a Tenstnce. Ie some cas, Sowever, pony effect ay tend 0 eal the sn eft and proce & beter discon of comen at the case of stip condos ranged wth her Ost sides overs on tothe fie conductors ae aged edger to one anole the posiniy effet incase. In most css the roxio eect soo ends ness the sta Sl up ude shorts condons ands my cre vem been ino ae “The eureats in vari pat conducer sje o skin and proximity ee may vary consid in Pusey andthe ning csing cent ive ito aon fms whch can be mined oly by he ‘nc fsolabe yper of condor ant by ter carci arangener. “The mgs of the proxy ff depends amongst ote things, ote fequecy of thereat andthe Tpecigin!urengenst ofthe sndacsons The ap Ia Figre I (Seaton 6) ean be sed bin values ‘E etiny fit for nro omfuctor congrats at 50 ot 60 Hz. Methods of eae fr oer ffeyuncies re avilable (Dwight 1945), The ealaniag of cent duet the proximity ect at be ‘edtee hy spacing he condos ot ditt paces ae fa pat pss and soeetines by eon ‘ir thape In cts ah he apclagsdopled. Inte cs af anion bars redoction may be United by taping te laminaons at ager fats by expoying creat balancer wing Praia fect may be omy oeteome by adoping«conceeic arangement of conductors with one {eid thc a ised for elted pase aaron “The magnetic fd rout busbar condocors may be oonedenbly moied and the curent doin Incr by ihe prseee of gos trae and only mete wich 8 coppet er cope ys shoul be (hed frp tt come wit te magnet eld of he bas. ‘Conan for Minimum Las Bath skin and pron tfete are de to ruling or ey’ curens caused by the direc of Inucanes which est betoeen dlrent eat of curet-caringSntucior. The neces condon {or vote ofboth these fend hee for ims on) the shape of ech of the condi: in single pes sem aprocnates to tetiadactance nes Amel (1937) bas shown Ht for hse Specnarecanguar sc cnacors Rest ckely approach ti Hea. Such an arangeret Is also nvetlet where suc sine and where nave vllage op Geto busbar eactance mst be redaced to minimum, ee case of henry cre sagl-psce beste and wher spce Is sigh) les rence, {hy sng hun! argent ies he lve postman wo be eqindotance conto, he chanel fof go and er cofcrs beng araaged backcotac, while fr wier spacing a cca econ pelea, Peveratin Depth In he cise of special conductor arangunets, of wee high equnces ae enlayed, the alemning {ven reser may be clelted wag he lr secon Tis oer muosary 19 Ew he depth of Pentti ofthe Get eo «coco, tht the depth at which he caren deny has sen reed 0 Mier 0368 of fst at he condor sae, Tir an be slcuted wig the flowing formula whet ete and te egy re oo, epthot pension ad ft ae whee a depth of pentaton, rm pssst of cpp, Pe hequney, He Sift of Bosbar Arrangements o Rati “The eltceney fal ype o any cures buss eps pon afl desig, he mos ipotn fctors 5) The provision of mtx sce mes forthe spain of hat 1) An arangeoent of bars whic cate minimum of tteerence With the matual movements of ir ©) An pprxinately efor cust deny all pts ofthe condctrs, Thi it ema obaneé by ‘evap seu coper posable eqn fom he magne cente of Be base 4) aw skillet nd proximity eet fora besbar spe “To meet hese requiem there ae many ferent arngemets of copper buds using laninaon, 2 ‘ells copper xt of various crosses ig 9 Busta arrangements MUU — ti Lm» ——— od aminted copper bars “Toobin the best and mnt efficient king fr sects rp copper conductors thy shld be mowed “Nene pose wih hemor cros-sconl axe vert 0 ping maine oa srss. amino of 6 of 63m thckes of varying Wits ad wih 6 o 6.3mm spacings ae protaly the ‘mot socmce wae satiacoyn ost low cient cae nd fall de. sym tis se poet ive any aera apie fico fr ealelating the de ang of amined ba ‘nce this depends spr he a aed roporns of he lndeaon and on tht aang. Api the "pes eltive ang ar given in Table § below fora 30 Te spt. The valigs forge Burs cas be elmo ing the tous given in Secon 3d Secon 4 “Table$ Molpyng factors fr laminated bars ‘Nantorofianintiow ‘Wi aieaon 63 mmahck win 63m Sam "sim oes space 7 70 00 700 2 174 170 165 3 230 22 200 4 2s 20 ‘Tobie 15 (Append 2) Ges wera fr various coniuaions of lame brs bud oa ts For al somal gt an medi creat purposes an arangeme sch as tha in Fite 9a is ently Salsas, bt fr a. aren incxcesof 00 A whee ge rors lations mod be eure ‘neces orange the laminations tov beter lation the cppe at, ‘To elo of wing » re muber of laminations mounted sid by seis shown ta Figure 10 for a. ‘ens, The cen dtm adependet fh al arent mage, 'ig10 Alternating curendstrbation ia bar with ten iatons | tet ‘This cue show tha du skin eet tee is» conde variation in the cutter by ech lamination, the outer tinatonsearyingnpromaly fur ine the cen in hoe at he ene The "wo cent inatos phe ary onl about one ofthe tea caren ‘The caress into ifn aminions may ako wary apreiby in phe, withthe elt ta ele ‘uz sm maybe get han thei vector sm ch ean te ine cone. Thess clang arrests ge the anal loss and foes eficency ofthe syste. I bold ag be tied ht BS ‘ures onsyemeral du the proximly eft of nae psa Fo thee rears it recomended tat aerate araagenets, chat thse dssased in he elon ‘sectons ate wed Dr hey cet artes “We long low-olge a. bars te crying bevy caren, pricy tow power toy, inducive {el tip ey become pero prin with ano ar ange a igre 9 Th volage drop for {hy sven sz of condi le poporonal othe cent toe ing ofthe tars abd Ices a he ‘Siprson bevee cnditors of dierent pass cess. In he ae of lain bas the ndtv wok ‘Edp cine reduced ty apliting vp the burn ae etait mumber of sale cull, with he ‘Son of rent phases nrewed ax show n gue Ob Tis ees th verap cing ecneen ‘Sond diferent pase ado Feduces te Inductive ot Sp. “Tranqpostio of conductors “The unbalanced creat tiation in ise bar cying a. eet dt sin provi eft my be cemirced by tusping ais oe goupe of asistons a intervals pigs al other ‘cones wake tapi if, ut ean be worl whee ong sections of as ae fe fom tapping. The artnet as sbown i Figuce e- Hollow square arranges “To busine maximum elicency faa the point of view of skin eff, 8 muchas pose ofthe copper ‘ould be aqdstnt om he magnetic neo bar, ane as of bua condor. This can ede (he skin effect ite gear an uy Whetas lus of? or mor are posse wil ce ranges ving he ome srt ae, ‘Wah fat copper bar the nests approieh to wnt skin eat ra ip achived sing Bllow sere {maton a shown Inf. Be, bough he caren range ssl tm good a na abla conc. ‘The hampton als not se gd athe same mane fats ange sis by side as In Fp 9, dot {othe horny mounted tars tthe tp and bono, ‘Mode hollow square “This srangument (Fg 84) dors not fave an god a ale of sin effect ratio asthe ollow square “range, bu es fave he aartge atthe best dscns mach snpeoved. THB arangenent in hve cuen cuying npc of op fotze for brs mud sie Oy sie or alee he {ol owes ares cn be edaced fr ll cuentaryng capa. ‘Tabula bare ‘A tubular copper smd te mt efit pes as ep kin effec, a the mau smoot of ‘uss ated aan tne from the magnet cen ofthe condo. The sin fet esos {the dametr acres fra cont Wall cts, Wi values cose to ny possible whan the rai ef ‘use amar to wall cues exceeds abou 20, “The mtu cooing nt god ws that fora laminated copper har sysem of the Same cess section ae, ‘buwhen the potty teen ko nla accom teen pce tube surest the whole abe aa ab ‘he teopertre =a chon rely tied wih lamiated bar yes “Tubular coper conics so lend themslvestosrative methods of lig, fr example, force it ‘rligut eoliog whe teat can Be removed fom he nr surface fe bes. Curent rags over oe the mtd aly cooled sue ae posse wing forced cling wth he Ingest nates when guid coal employe, ‘Aula bar alo osu Is pce tan th moe ysl copper Innate brand has fhe advange thas ste ed rig are reser and uniform nl dfecn nes. These advantages a Howe, omevhatrlvced byte eifcaly of mala ols and connections which are ore dificult ths for Taminned bars ‘Tse pblems have nw been redocel bythe iavoducion of copper welding ahd othemle copper forming thos Copper tues ae partly slate for hgh cura plains, Sch sar furan, wherefore ll cooling canbe ued to rx aleatgs The abe can no be nol pase busbar ystems deo he et ith which ean be supped Hy Is Conceatie conductors ‘This rangement isnot wily ase due fees of sport bt hae th vate ofthe opi ‘cian of bw eaance and ed cues oes an ie wal ae to mace and wel et epleatins estou be noted thatthe sod phase busbar stam ae ofthis type with te creat ne etal cxcloriebeing slat equal to at la conan when te otiuol boned thes pase enone System suse. ‘Channel and angle bars Ateconve arenes to Dat ot bul copper bya the chanel aed ange ars which can fave ‘strange. The mos inpotat of hee saps tom inh gts below. ‘hase a easly supported and give get righ and eng wl the akg of ois and conmctins resent seus ly, ‘The pri seating cet deny in ese oa te empeaie ie ly rele inthe ase ‘of wo ample shaped concos agra (0) ls nny oer range of conde nat -€- {9 ® o ot tow votes hen cure sngl pase as with serow pha cee, single copper chan wih dhe ‘webs of he al Yeti’ conics ovars one anor give an eco argue. The chante! srs ine chosen 1 eds te skin ad promot os nimi give aim diene nd have considrsbie mechani! sengh and gif. Where gh volge busbar ae conered the pase spacing tas tobe ch lager wo give aceite sect enunese between aac pases Wal es sangeet xing wi he chelates apart, Fer high-cply gnerio which ae como 2 transom nd ald equipment by spread or ooeseprensteé coper babar, the dvs ange ranges pves the best combination waht copper bar size ll ely ely manufactured. Tie areal rtgs of these scengeets ae given Table 18 (appendix 2 The rains given te ‘imam cient tgs whi db mt ae econ flees io tut and ene emt opted, ‘Comparison of conductor arangements ‘The oxen to which te ac. cue ang for a ven teaperatre reo cocce contig ven routine of coppe depen on te essen shape, Te appovimse lave neat fort ‘gpa cos-sectinal aren of 1000) rn ae shown in Figure 11, Far coset sens pet hat 1000 ma he factor re greater han hone shown, ant afr sole ruses Te he ese ‘of dovble-haoel busbar the ti of web Mange ngs a lo te web kos hae oie ‘fan he caret crying cpa, Fie. 11 Comparative ae. ratings of vaso conductor arrangements etch hang come section ‘are of 10,000 mn of HC copper Hijo closed copper conductors ‘many cass busts re srounded by encloses, sormally mit, shich reduce the busbar Bet sexpaent between 4 and 1 Cas onstat “Tee peat the appiedfotalpressr th ower wl be he joint reseance an htfore for high ficiency Joins high penne uly sessy. ‘This hs the advantage ta he Rgh pressice Dap to prevent {Bein ofthe at Fig 6 sbom he ello of presse on ol reste. Fig, 16 Theeffc of peur on the contact reitance of Jlut between to copper conductors eTehs on reste ns ail it neasing peste, bt above a presser of about 15 Nau hei ite futher improvement Cain pecans must be obsevd 1 ese tate CO presi i tol Iiph sce port the poof eof the conductor mera ors ols and cmp 0 creoled ‘Avatar els p unica he cont pest a jot mde wi ste oli tas increase base of ‘he drence in expansion coefcens between copper and the sel Is therefore esa ha the ita onic psu ap o 9 such level a the contact presure is no excessive when # petting {Eperatre Ith ls la of te bari exceed th ont wl Bae a eceed conta presse wien fers ois cl te ei he ole mati ving deformed o Suced “To aod thi tell to ue dic ring washers whose sag ratings chosen fo maa assay Costa comact pressure der cid Bnd bot working coneons. Tis pe of ol detroraon is very ‘toch moe ely fo happen wih So wes, sch as ELE alin, wher he mater elastin Jow compare wi ato high conc cope ot tency “Te ficiency of jot may be mend in ems ofthe ao of the esstance ofthe pton of the ‘Sobor copa te oin and hat of eu leng of sua condor, a ‘Te este join as aed mento mae wp of vo pts od he aon fies of ate and contact esace, The esr: Bea he sain es san oat Savenby pee not wit fora ge jl 9 ade he Wi, tes dor th, hs al gcse Coat since fe ‘where Y cunt esitace pri "The to join reece ie ‘Therese ofan equa! lengthor sight conduct given by: 0 Sh ‘Te rssne rat oii fo Fg 15 In most as iis innvisable to se const press of os han 7 Nha, 10 Nim beng prefored The ‘onic pres chsen is infaenced by th sz aed mater of oso ls eater evga ore even one presi, For the sake of symmty teenth a over ofen mae eel oe wah ofthe be, "hough wi thikand now ashe vel can enced oipove te over jlt pfomance Owing othe ie uae aren om which at may be disp ecient joints twee ingle copper ctor silly ave lower epee rise than he conductors hensive. Iti np eter, ‘ons at al joints fave a reasonable margin of ney. Thee purely mo wha mul-coners jis at one joint andor the contr are normaly raning close the speciee mimi capes Boling Arrangements In dcting the ner, sce md sibuion of Soke requ to proface he necesety cont preset ‘ve high joint licen, bth elacreal and melanie! eonientions have the ze in acco, ‘The ‘ehods used determine these equreazts ave on given ia previo scons ‘A jolt somaly decreases in etance wit increste the sae aed munber of bol sed Bot secs sl ay foo M6 o MO with betwen fou and sx beng uso In each int wth pernce er foe ‘ils sro condacorsan si age condasons. The torque cna foreach ik ee epee on ‘he bol mec sod he maximo openiag temperature exposed. Hecase o heseagh f spp ‘dsemaon ote condor nde be pest fh jo sot monly coeaon “Table 9 sows pl bong rages for various babar ses The recomended torque setings ste applicable to hghsemile sel (8) oF auminom tronze (EW207G, Tormey C10) Teter wth ‘dicated thet of nal surface fish be case of stil sel bl tes forum segs ay Be ‘ed bu he heads must eb ease, 1 adition to the po or yield ses of the Wot matesal and the tend hanes, the ‘moet dgheing torque depends on he fen! expan between te bat nd contr matt Galvan set botsare normaly uted x bras or biome bose been wel base ht coelleats 2 ot epansion ltely match the copper conlatorand aes the contact poser ds st vary wily with sting temperate Coppec ay bos alo Pave te svanage ta be poss of Sse meal (roo is avoided. Besar thee ays do aot sve an easly scene yield ses, omeve cate st Detaan on eeace he corer herng gue, ‘Becase oftheir mi agntc popes, copper loys myo be prfeed to mi or high-ensbe te where high asp els ae expect. Ateravel,« ot-nagoci sales sel uy be we. I most ‘Rico however fighonae l ane re oy high ld eae ‘Tabled Typical busbar bolting arrangement ape face overlap) ‘Barton Joimr Nombre ‘Got —_‘Hole Water Waser smth owefup aren offots bolle torque semm Gamer hess mmm mm EN mmm sia) a m 0 0 2 MS wo 2 @ 1002 BT 2 10 soo wos a1 20 302 Er] so) a0 MIDs mo o © so 4 mo 28 m2 ost mT i100 0000 Ses war way 4400S 2 2T 10 1) 256006 IG uF 200200 sonoo 8 is me 27 “highest or alos bronze (CW307G, oly C104) Camps “The coe of clanp mater sd method of maufatue depends onthe ne or de, een requ tnd onthe nen of caps of agen sie requed, The manufacturing methods wed nce mesg {fom lt snd or ie cst ope from ple nthe case of Tow eae. Qe than 3000 A and theses the lp edo be tage fom x Npstengin mater conpatbl wih he ele comet peste, They ca hrfore be made fom sec ines, forand ot samped form. Wire a. cuents it es 0f 300 Aare concerned he coke of mites Beteen the fw or aonmageatc tel ra bass ‘orbronze. Stl clamps are gency wnat becane of te bytes ses inde in he Wilde Joins “Te ne ae sided ae proeses, tegsen net gs (TIG) and mine gas (MIG) re he peered ‘ling methods for hgh onouctviy capes nd re capable of procing elle star jos. The Sling cia gies Tuble 30 se provided ae + guide o good races, ute an Weng codons {ht wl ve th bet sali for a area jit nat be dtr fom exper Cerin pyc nd tvtlblalprepeize of copper mut, however, be tlen tsmont of whee weep, The igh tera ‘ite of copper = ou ov Bie dimes at of mid es = opposes he fron ofa equate weld poo ‘essay fo gurls and scadatonwbich can ie nef nck of fn daft an post. ‘The ‘aid bem sin elec, wich i parsley promonce in hcker secon, must hecloe be overcome. Pasting of th coper before welding nesnryfordckness above about 3m a ine in Table 3. ‘As elaine in Section 2th gh pl grads of copper, COOMA aad CWODSA (rma C101 ane ‘Cony soon prs of epoas ons whch arena fom wich hs «mila eet on electra and ‘mehr popes Prolonged eating However alws th oxide prices fo ifs gala bounds ‘there hey en ein ale he propre,‘ fon eft stave ad epee dependent ad it ‘nile by peroming the welding operon ax qu as possible and by reste he ovr bsting 6 ‘fe compocat fat posible consient wih equ fiona sthtcory wad pole, hie onside about oes a ply oxygn-ee coppers whch do ol contain the Oe pi, "Table 10 Welling data te HC copper 2) Recommended use of BS 2901 fle alloy for 1G sed MIG wen of high coc copes. Te, MiG Deseo orate Aigner Noga Argnar——Nirogon Hata Bal ‘GWOOEA Elclyic ough ich CT, C2 Na C7,C8, Chat Tigh conga eeommendal recommended ‘CWOOSH Frese bog ich CT,C2L Rot crcscz Nat Tg coda secommendod reconmended WOK —Onygeee high C1, Not oc Not aout. recommended recomended ) Typical open ta for TI but wel eh cond copper Diet cure elasade seine; argon a em sing Saige “hie ‘ela Thickness Pret Hleevode Fler mé Gas nosso Wald Gas WAGs (em) temp. lamer dancer ds (ms) caremt ow cient ow $C (aaa) (A) _@uiny “1A min TS Nae 624g BAI 46 7080 10 3 Ne 243262 mato 46 «HOM 10 & pean «3248 32 aus amas 68 210240 3045 2 “foe 483248 248 S020 1026028 30-15 22 somo 4s 3248 918 pao 8:10 2509001220 "May be ee sila een alg ©) Type operating ua or MUG but welds high conduct copper. 1m dams ier wit 0 shi Thickness Priest Welling Aevlage Wie dials Gasiiowrla (am) apertre cent “ (in) ‘ua co. t s Now 20300 ra) ins 2 vps 30380 2530565 as 8 epinsed M040 282 5565 m7 By wpm = Mount? 1420 52 pnt saoago 2832 5565 1429 ‘Thema expnson shoul be alowed fr daring welding a this ede the closing of rot gaps he ‘ecru eet rac. The root gps indeed Tae 1 shold hertoe be lowed, ‘x-scetlne and ony propane welding maths cn be ute wih onygenee copper but they are not recommeded fr welding tough plch coppers the redicng sips peau! i the Hae ca est ‘ih the copous oxide prices to produce Seam see meta Thi ives ie to poo sad kao {8 hydiogenenbilenee. rte eis of he factors nove in the weg of copper can be fund inte CDA pulaton No 98, “Table 11 Recommended edge preparations TG and MIG but elds 1s DBs | + 3 ' a eo ar ey » | Po 24 eee te ey ge 18 MC WW | Sena aa ey » | DE Wer wbom | VY 4 Ste pave aa Se oot wp 01.5 mm ot face 5-3 8, Mechanical Strength Requirements Allbusar stems have te designed to wise the mcchasia foes o whlch hey maybe sje, ‘ehober thane duet hel gn eg, Wad sd loa short cr forse. Tit free somes Io onerous With Steasing vag and hres carat Ge peste longer inoaassad smaller, “The condos soul ave licen mater engi nde al pean conn. Kt be ble to suport ise witout nue defen we noel working condos nots rane! dae tier abromal conions. The following secon cables the mechanical stengh equrencn! of = ‘onfacrte be eclted usage shor eu frees aie om he orale gen previ. Defecon ‘The maximum defiecon ofa beam cay a ule stebtd load sa aly soporte st ach ed is ven by he fora: hee A= marimumdeecos ‘we ipt peri eg of sted bem, Nim {Le eam eng betwen sapperts ms modslasofclasicy (12x 10 Nina) rent ene of bee section, mm ‘one ed of eam sil ted in a hvizatlpostion the deen O15 tne that gen bythe soe formula and flows that Ia felysyported beam as supported si midpos en ‘imo detest i ede 0.025 of former va. If oly ends of Best are ily fxd a Noraoetl postion the deflection 0.2 nest given te above asl “Ths wit continous bem fely supported a four or sore pints the aia eftion in the cena spans maybe assumes tobe 0.2 ties that given the formula, wal te deleco a the end spars 0813 Ums."Thedellcon tn Ie end spans, ert, may be sued tobe wise at nthe Eee Spas, sing equa span stan, Moments fineria nthe above forma he oma fine forthe sect of he eam has ob asd abo tenet 5 which ras paral the beam whore he bean hs eo eal fres In pst css tn Sa 8 oft cere of ens. ora recnegla ton of depth Dan brea B 1 a ora coer sction of ameter D Zt er t=ausint For ul etn flamer neta tr D Zfot-st) ow "shoud be noted that he vale of fora glen cosseton dependent on the ection a which each indivi fores pli Noman of fear x age of copper od bar ncons and hes a =n In Tubes 12-16 Append. Natura Frequency ‘The aul fgueoy ofa eam simply supported at sedis ‘where, requeey ‘Ase deeson wih hed cds 02 time he alia with tly supported ca follows tat He natal feucney Is nseased by 2275 tines by ending fing oe eed Only fereae he el equncy Oy stout so. Where sgupmeat tobe mnt ue, natural oq of les han 2.75 He shoul be ‘idl to prvetvbratlon du to wing ees, Wind and fee Loatogs onsiring th lating of ondacor for gto sevice nt oly mast he wept of the conduc se {abo into necot bu alo fhe weight of costing ee Which t may car ogee Wi Ie wind presi o he snd conduct “The maxis hiciness of the ie snd the maka wed sped are normaly specified by the purchase of he bsbis bt whee tse ae bot specie they re ly vase ro anal Sancads bats wii the cosy woe he eames se insaed. “The wind tics loading con be alate using he flowing formal: Wind ot: Ho =e feo tnig 00a ( +x) whee y= wind odig, Nm = eloating, Nin = wind prose, Nan? eer tle eased tha the wind nad ea gh angles othe vera lod ofthe conto meg a that ts ot Toul and hence th slat ln on ths Coda ar fo bead vera The sa! oad en by Re fwomd? od] whore Re rest nd Ni sw =condocor weight put ength, Nia and where R stata angle 19h vragen by he fora ” ‘The vr sg desis athe ened sani en ‘whee ste saga in plane inclined at an angle be vere Maxim Perel Stes “The maxioum permissible sess ina conduc i he renal of is om natal meh (x) nd the ‘secon free of to 4) at fe ( ain (ee sbove) andthe magne feces seating fo Shor eu It shuld be mie hu te Szecion of short cea orcs (Ws) depends o he poston of ‘cn pine an the Seon of th crest ‘na geen asthe flowing mb shoslé ued for calculating he stat fre an is det: Fora single bow of gt (a) wnifemly lauded an sly spp at bot ode fly spp neend abd ed tte she, ora eel ton fetal diameter Dor for areca ston of pt , zeak shee moment of ie De diameter, um ‘Dente mins» ‘The maximum permis sess dependent on the condotor mai tmp but mus tensed th ‘Enel rst Ses or pemanet defamation wl ce Pora coedactr muouhcaeed fom a 09 ‘copper the vale pproxinsely 245 Nis Fora beam which shorn fed hoth en te being mena the cone eee oo hd {nd at senators of hose for imple upped bese. ‘Thermal Expansion ‘he changes in eg th ose na condor at expe and coats wth enpeate varios are ‘ot owed fonda foes wl be Se pi the conosor support sje or inthe eles wich he Sear ie omni “Te aes nar expansion for oppe may be aan as 17x10 °C (lr tempera fom ambient pt 20°C) compared with 23 10-9/"C or alin. Te lower uu fo coppe io get imoriance ‘when allowing fr teal expatizon under bth snl and tnory eoedons, up to 2% Ls ‘hpeston nee be scone for spac length of usr fs length of opp bu ere Oe apt. liom expanding contacting nce ely 2 Nin! of eroee-seconal es wou be Svloped for = temperate cage of 16. neon aos the pps expand fr Iss doe to much amar temperature anges and ower thems ‘xpusin coefTen 1 sthetefoerormal pace to allow fhe fl expansion wing exe condor ‘Sonneton saa alas. “Types ofexpanson ol ln the cate of ho tars itis alot cer t9 make any stil poison 10 accommodate expansion, ‘There wil orale one or 0 resol lle bende capable of reening an) wnat esse Wich aay testy ig, 17 Types of expansion joints in coper conductors ‘To rive inesmeite supports of see, clamps which allow the contucor fo move Srely in the lentil dieson hold be provide. ‘These came mute Serge ard sranged with cae wold © the danger of sess bing up at any post which the far may bacoms waged or prevented tom vig ney. Inthe cas of ong sai nsx vse that expansion ont shold be nroduce. The ols my se laminated thi copper sips or kaves an ave he sae ft urea tinge e Dusrbal As emai t amined fie ois, coper rad ay be aed. The pe of ot ly re ‘pensive to manuicie bot asthe advauge that can scctidt expnsion into ee oe leon in mos eas he cetons) sod als lens felts vain es Being pened rea cae Piece of equipment aster tis inporant that tho trl nto which he copper al clans Ino ‘alien tices o este const gh eondustiny afer mamactac te Suing cane ae ‘Wht high estes devo in he ait afer manatee oven andl id Ete ous oon af he ead mit ty esa 9, Busbar Impedance “The sar atc snot normaly alent lage ate beta eae fa power system and Thence is sided inte calelstons when eablahing th bore cores ad cv vit ps tiki n power spe The evcepoe Wo sis waen conseng certain hey cureat indus ‘Splcatone such a faces, weg sets, oral Rening epee for sel mills T hese cies the ‘ncice nay be requ 0 Beko for cool pupsts, or v0 obtain tuba wrangeens to ive ‘unimus or Pultnced eacance,‘This uy be important Bese off ton both volt op aed owe: ‘tor and lnc out generating plant VA egremen por KW of ad oF ms ass payable where th ‘wet ie purchase fom oe “The bur inpdance is mde up of ee component: esas, nducenc ad pcan. The valet ‘tthe comport ar iver a obi ae wie athe case of ncn and cxpacance& dependent ‘Sue regeeoy of te swe. They te defied as flows: Resa: Beak SK where Renesas at goony (He), Ronde resistance Se inetet ao Ke prosinaly sto Inductance: Ketel where Xi indie actos, fe roguney, He Lindctance, copactes: enh “he where Xpwcapave ectance, 2 f= tequency, Me capoctane,F Ipedane: 20] wher X=XL Ke “The valu of Ke is sly very mich smaller than Xi spd; usally mach ager tan Ry Theva of X ‘Bulent be postive wih hesgy of = Netaindate weir he stom ha postive or xan power ‘Vote Drop “Te ot drop tna busbar pen tin a flows fom he al forme VaelZ wher Van voltdep, 1s curestfawing athe conduct, A a Zz babar inpedance, 0 omeves fn th git ofthe load volnge Vi valle he usb Wt op Ve mt be ucts ‘rectory fom he upp voles Vs eee eee a a rn ——s ok “ fo] pa ‘Te apparent vol op ia he busbar ranking pase tomes igen by: IHW # Rye, + Xysint,) Matipy by 9 for pase to pase okt rp. ‘Te ove formula ges very ose pproximaon sng ae babar syste vl drop females sl in compro te sem sags Inductance Formulae ‘he development of inoctance Fomine i mathematically complex and isthe sitet of many elec engnesting popes snd boos. To enahie any ofthe oral bust cofgwatonIndusmaes 1 be ‘alate for sf and muta inate be lowing formulae have been led, aos be sted tat self indactinc Tis he induces duet a angle conc, suing that i ffcvly ouside the ix range of ll ober conductor asa iucance the Indes feng ftom he x tom oer condor s Rectangular stip Sipe condor 24 _,,s) where Ls 1 conden, 21628) a id ! pecazasero md momen anon iho Ite onto ‘vo aa Cnt 2M = Muna nde, Dy =pmd between bas ‘Oban Dy om igure 18 formula stead fs Section) engi of bsbar ca he sy Go-and-Retrn Conductors “The inductance Lp conductor ncoes othe pd mutual eanponeats ad herefre becomes gl LS Mie, eotatg, 28 sth cng sl cape ve nt gh roomed ‘wtere is sal epared with ‘Grelar seen bars ‘Single Condactor ut 2 ‘To Pralel Conductors Goand-retarncondoctors sete eae 1 eowaig wt ‘ a ete conduc spacings sal compan wth its agth én in compon wt Capatiance Formulae ‘The apaciance ofan. systema bof reat importance when desing te proton ult forthe bers and aso ical pl. Capac or several configurations of tus se fllony eitiviy were ‘ra reative pom oh mesial Isolated enn ine @ O ine above a conducting earth @ ss | “Dwintine above condcting earth ‘Concent pinders Fpermete ml (Gtometie Mean tance Formalne Rectangular Bars q Bo ; fear ESE] A] ma fonat ey le (°-) 2 = a fo-90)] 5 5] tae, [? +>] to, (6-3) ted aby foto neta) + & tos foes Wes] a Ref, Dright eric Cis nd Conds 1946p. 143, “Thrce Pave conductors Tod ta -pasa h bas mtion A 9(08-psieas st] tn Tow De 186s), =| yiten Lapa ise oss aint asp] ten ef, Digt Geoseic Mem Distance for Rectanplar Conon! 146 Note taj ithe iaginaryopecat, YT gure 18 Gente Mean Distance =o estangular bats 2) Short des facing fea Long edges fig 10. Appendies Summary of Methods of Basa Rating ‘Te flowing exapies suai th ating methods deed in ston 3a scon 4 or pi cae, Unless erie ted, emperatice is of 50°C sve an ambient of 20°C ad eguney oF He hve ‘been assumed. The aings ny be nse by bacanieg the Bessa (ee Raison Page 19). cae 4, single rectangular section ba on ee il a “Aply forma 4 oe diet oe Table 13, for andar se, ramp (Copper br 10 mm x 63m (A~ 630, 2126 mm) 1773630!" @i26°" = 15704 (oered rect rom Tbe 13, Cosette, single reat ttn bar sa oll) in sl ate Apply frau 6 a et on Table 6 for stan ies ample 50 mm dante copper rot 12863 0966)" G57) =2360 a (erred ais fom Tale 1), ‘Cosette arsine, 2) Apply fomul 4 read tem Table 12 for one ba ») Malini ty sppprate actor from sein 3 Example ‘copper rs 100 man 6.3mm with 63 mam psig 11570 Apert Malin fst for 4 bars = 3.20 Hescet= 3.2 1570" 5020 A cael sede emg i ovine mia ermine | wat ee vamp: Copper bu 100 mn 43mm. (a= 1003 = 16) erating = 1579 4 (Cae, RIRO= 112 om Figure? Yue Less cave¥ a sigh teularseton br, instil air 2 rie deg yan we of Ee tn om gw & rodeo tbe) Example St am ameter copped aces a0 A (Cat x wta07e 9 VAE 20x10? Vib S370 Hence Ry =151, om Rae 2360 terce 1 2B ist Cave VI laminated Das nti af 2) Derm ratg of oe bara for Cae V. 1) Mati by appropri factor, Table Example 4 sop bre 10063 mm wth 63 men spacing (4g por bar= 1570 A Cae) ‘se ming prbar= M80 A (Cas V). Mating factor fo ts «2.3 Heqce=23 x 180 = HOA case VII_ Baclosed busbars ') My sl airing by eppoprit constant ee Enclosed copper condos) ie. by 06 to 05 for condasor Soniguaions Ingely penton on i celtion (ee ‘lied helow sgt arangemet Figure 9 (6) of By 01 for tsar conducts oF oe grouped at amination. =" J oy Matty by tater 0.8 ents of tick magnetic mae ample: ‘copper bts 100 mim x6. en ranged a in Figure 9 (0, © enya. ‘4 rtng, ingle = 1570 A (as in C1) ‘ering single bors 1480 (ain Case). “Malin ae or 4 lamination (Table) = 23 Malling fact fo cotiguaion of ig 9 (6 Figae 11) « 1.28 noe lair rating for ti conguration = 1480 23x 128 = 4360 A Malplyag tao or nonagetic encore (Encl copper conductor) = 60, ene enclosed ating = £860 x06 = 25108 Malling tor or magnet ealosure = 088 ene aig mgnetic eneloeie=2810 30.85 = 2220 A Case VI Bcanomea se o babar ceniguatons Eranple “Two channel ach 100 at igh x 45 mm Mange wt 8.6 a thick (A= 1430 pt chan, 60 Tx 30°C rise on 40°C amet i sl Foc able 1S tng bused an s0°Cri on HC nen, 5550 A ‘Use reing forma (equation 8) 1 oben ring fr 70°C working temperate an avcambier, ‘ce rig under cnaions specified = 5550 x 0.7560 4195 A guise br lamitedconiguntion frame rost-etonl aes = 318mm x63 em pe ba (A= 748 ‘mn? p=249 mm, enced ring per bat fr SIPC ses on 40" ambient. = 1300 A (tom equation 4, and wppzaton of npr conven constant a abo) b= 118463 = 18:7 Ge Figs 7) = 108 (om Fgue 7060 He. Hence a ating pert = 13007.08 = 1180 A Muliping fcr or 4 Iaaeaons = 2:3 Table 8) nen tog 04 amination «119923 = 2760 A ‘Ths the double chanel errampement i able cry more cet th ented bars ath ai 152 for {iscrossteona ren, "This conponds he Gtr sen Pig 1, For ger coset are "is factor would be sil reser, forsale seins the inser be att fs tnt the eat ‘alu depen on he ratio of web fo ange legs ofthe chanel wed and he ha of we and lone rae wide spacing etme Bo a "eu" conus algo esomed Tale 5 oe ‘posit ote “equ-dance no" conto (ce Coton fr mir ns), exo worst ase Beato Seo crc OFZ ow rom st eer og OFzx 8 ceceos soze Torre) ome isl strt. set areas crceo sty smo 7s ORE zt $60 OOF Ore orrene sete ose se aa oz = sdk orz a orrest sou ve se see sz sD Sa ses oscroe swore rove OE ve ors aFzx0e oscxol soo oxvo ewer i ED oUeosexor oscrsce et oys9 wet UDF us azo ele ogexszt orca, zor ole wet em @ © oS osexoT cto ss sO sro ae OF wesc wom me OHMS er eed ores: sos ese wre me oro 00a zeae seer ever gece eet te asco ou ovzar wexor ovo cesar oem ss RO OTERO ooziscr core mes ears suze @ 9 ero arzasT exo 99 wees 9990 oe uot zxor Wire oct ome EOL OE «x roo FTO wire gor 99 ese ane te tse0 owe wT KS wine ses 990 gam ees eo OTe Tx wixor 99 are srs 9 ee wT XO OvtEsc Gers wy ose vse wR wwe STE wixo sey owe eve een uot oro __ost_ ovr xor wero wx gam game pow ‘sven! wy youme —anraag Ce Sproily ip peormeSe I Zveses omg 1 mRSHT;O REG stonpang sade yr 30sopadong sae, a OF a or cw ss Foes eo stv sor sty sit oc ree meee Se se 8 sie oot wm vee ber aaah se One se 06 w sors rot coer, pete ee se ore 509 wr pees coco gee sz oe 0 co 999 wees areas «net sama rat oor vel soe eve gorau sot 6 we wot oor oes, “omnes esas om su ow reer opr ose aioe sek om 59 oo co sor esIZ et: gue 19 ss ct aru 945s ost 8 sis one sue oer oer sv say eects ae ow oe oor sees owe sor oor ore aoe ove soe oe wey voces sve sw ss ser se » fess cor 1998 ost or or os ups soe gees eet su sat su om oct ome rast gorxact 56m 56 8 oe vos ost nse “ones ons on o st vse ost sett ete seas cy ws ost 009 owe — ones most es ws or ocr Cn rs rr soe soe soy oe 0% suc yee seas uae ose sie st roe wee see os oe os oz oo yor veer ute suo nd sre oz 08 seoxsu_uym wis __aeee_ Lets oat one oat we sureser wet wr gums cans = v v v 84 somone eas ons mavoa ng onaspg gummy tap eon ens sd @AMS_—-FPrOMIY HEN OTEK GEE a Sn _ _Bins mea game _Z'onnas osop9o Ten wm Bulg) 38 Dey 3p diy OerOG Gor ORT rier ar rs aaa rr) sous sist sot sx cus costo core omy ern osct oat ex scr oy axxo; gees oe ose uot 6 ver user GRxor goer wale user oot os ws owe ae o8s0 —coee OT ost so 08 su are oars cor eR exo 0 5 re STO oso eet ows sas os oF wor ert OT Osea 6056 onnse oomese sesz ose su wise o9xoct ona. owe ore 198 oust out ox yD oe 9x00 cum” anor 00 005 891 st TES OW 9x0 oer omg coveosz oust orzt ss Sicr ge 9x0 cone ome sorx90r sot 95 ey Fee 9x0 cox onee cose3 sts soe rus ze 9x0 cor OBE cance 0. 9 eu wre 9x0e gos 6 coset 09 ss £86 ost ooxse gost ose 18 sts or ou 9x02 coc otoF oF or se ov oa corer eso eee one ue see ui corset we OWT scat soe sa a eoxo1 st3 ost ca owe sz ce osxoor so Hees enue ost so oe oso | gene ees eorxere owt oat ep Sto OU OO none us ag wus oseos cme coe snes oe see oe stor ever asst ausse 9 S19, 98 age wo gages yam v v v vo “Some sassnoseg Seuysousipa game, cause amsauy ems (@yameeny (mmm -SPANEY NEON, zivm2s jose Lea RHI aay aw Tp xy Was BERET Omese OTT a one ne sur “ons ose OTK OPS SE cate ove ores xis owoee=—gorxory see one ost oe oz osteT—gotxert —onge se ont ez oot sez ce ont retake str ust ome 036 rom. te sori osst ow eott ows gate suai oct op wess oe asus coor oor os Bou owt ier ou os Oe Boos ose ae 0% ou ove sor ortor —ostoe carer ts cose rece “oxe99 sor ee ctr cone soz apse oe ose cost ce o86e = 0t sez nse net wor aust 02 sz oct weer ausot— 99 sent over 08 oot cos sset sort oo vee sora omer sez 00s 9999 ewe eae 565 ont oF omns ost nse so. ss oe gory cro eae 39 si ose were aoa ss ses one sere osmee cece one ust ost snut ove 9 ose seer oct xci__oncst__ cis sat ose zoe 6 v v ¥ v wu se course sessepog runing gammy oss naneg aes su (@aeins pray Ago peomAE Zomesyosmmpon — Teno NOG Bune gy 8 AoW (papers oy snp cw aus a sep eo, ES, “SHON apno 2 ole emp ‘sauns uopesuc> we ao URAC Eas SNS SUP JES,“ ato da sous estes “ewose ‘9 nano de sumed oguon pur oKgUEJIpO oy “HK OME 9,05 Name AEN D,oy © BuO Epo UO sng SHS Ke BE “T 210 ‘ime arto rc wer sor cess sass se ress oxzs9 sus ons see sm8 wr one was wee obs ‘ocr eons vine wor oe o9se ssi mat sore set yt snut ust net SEXO ORT st 6 ore ot 6 ors use os wa saving Sag ostomy srg esos (mead (@ ms co Limnos soso TED HER Bue SOGGY op TOMY ‘Table 13 ac. urrent rating of aminated bars Nonberasd Tos ‘Cnet or sned eappartar ieshove 7 abit Seeotbus Sosa sm are 2 we sve a a 2easas 280500 50 130 855 230x830 550 10 sso 1000 ce a) aon 1200 B60 4-30%5 _@o___1050 200. 150, 0. 2x5 0050 350 110 1m 3-40xs oo 1000 130 130 1140 sors 20 160. 150 210 2-305 500 1100 10 1500 3-S0x5 750200 a0 1790 230, 4-s0x5 1000 1500, 100 2240 2500 2x5 0 1050 100 | 1530 1149 S-0x5 00380 1750, 200 240 xs 1001700 2150 2500, 2380 2-80xs 0126016009 3-m%5 wo 2150, 2500 2x80 4.8x5 100 2080 280 300. 3520, 2-10x5 1000160 1850 naan 270 3-m0xs 15001980 20 20 200 4-100x5 20002400 2060 sto, 000 50x10 20002550 2550 8 0 x10 2400 5a0 0 3850 200 4-80x10 3390200 x0 aun 50 3-100x10 302889 3650 00 4850 10910 4000 3200 2100 4800 580 ete: ‘A vale bus aranged once a ping Gil te Rar Anes busi fa and painted bisa ‘Valus for 30°C ste sed on estes, values fr 20, 0 snd SOC rive based on 30°C se ves aad sume fap Se propertonal 173 poo Ccouesyof Otel Shes i. “Table 14, Current ratings moments of inertia and Seton modu -tbes a: Maries ‘Ousiée Wall Gus Appx Monestof “Maduks Agpor Avon Diamets Thick: sectional “Meg ntinof of renutnce cue rating essa ‘econ accion "pat oO bre A‘ mmm met tym ant. door_ Outdoor ig MSG 007 Sa ey ee ee eS ee) 202s) LGR] 5030 1s) 398035] 31S 3620565 = MSS 13 20 ome BSS 2D Da rn 18 1S 7775 aL 6582064 D 18 201005 0am 2527s ISHS Gs SD lb 6598 OsST sts 268 DD mAs S661 os) Sims 1 BS 500 2D s7 as 169 HHS 2s SL 99 oma? a8 2 3D a1) am s29 BSD 2 1s mor om 8551) 2 2D ALS 1380105355070 225 m3 17d IS7 67S TD 23D HG 210787 sD 31s Aste 1d 1m) meses 750 re as 2535322709878 TH 80 3533 aoe 26) 7s ws 1080, saa 223003160 2S 1080, St 20327291 sooo 581 88180 Se 25 aS 3.60 4d aT az} 1a 1380, 53D a7 427600 SHOR 3511S 20, yet 20554 9H BHF 7336 wel «2S S71 5182000 tas 300 ta) 71 306A 4610021025261 2080 yet 3883740 aT D7 IO ie 2586737 Lass 2360 2090102580 108 30,9896 BBD Ls0S 28017190 HO toe «351M B02 sms 29080 ASL 3503010 133430 1BS— Samm BOHOL 2683880 3S Mah 27299105 aaa 12128803610 159 301470 AaTac108 soap 30702010 i935 imo as2__sarico> soso tor 3310__ aa TCaret ng aor UPC wpe ad 0°Cabent o by. Sie based on lpera dimensions Ouida Wal Approk Appx Monat” Modus Appox’ Aypmac ls aunea Sheers Tat Lend Age igs teen Sie ant ness wes i x13 103 perm 20°C A ee ea us iat 39 os) ome ois anda a ms 1s BS onde neon ime aoa oats astd sen tn ee St ms im Gab tae as wots m3 os) ae Ossett et Bs stoke] % amis osama Oto 22s das one saas san 4 oma tae ass 6 aes tat Sos tn 2 samosas mks ma) akties B65 swe isa on as BS ister se Baa Me mses ae B76 m0 sears oso “is toss ae ae mes 0s 35 emer 7 othr ase ee ee ee 2003 amma sls 47 soo tessa st © 4 om asm kos 2 6nd 0 2 msds ema 20 aways ams & 4 39 attests tom oe a % 1 MO Soros eas sn % am wate io Lom So ee? 4 oa ae sss 4 1099s ma = 0 ones ts tna ee ee ee ee et © 50 m0 he asks) = 27 30 ms mmm) aD oo 328 tomtom p nsdn 310 to __sa1__i9i0 oz 99995 2910 Guulds Wall Approx Appt Mami Moguls Aprox. Approx coast Diameter Thicke secon! Meh oferta faction resin ring) tee oe perme rm mmo et tym mtg dor Gator rr ns 328s) aD SSS IHD us sam 193mm SS BN SHO HO says) 360538029 ‘aco 5610 7 tors MHD. asso 0) i oma) asa S50 aS eso 880 an sao tan a0 6130 wo 4s) mss RATS. oo «ceo wo 885 36H a0 sD wo stm GAD e070 10 © 550 DMX 780 BBS or) 10 02, saa) sun 650 109m. oso s0 1, Cure ating a for SO°C empert sa 40°C ambient Ce a a air voxct one a os esr oo It cS ne ow 06 on a tem ow rs mente © coe oo rr er e one oe ee 6 gor ont ew oom ws ys» shat os oo oy eo oss oss ome we ee eet sw wy ons ser 6 se6 mt sm or owe or st ets se ‘eens ro Lea ee cos oo 0 ost eee coe xz esos ys eee emo ym ba ” sess eG a Sting Sm resety ‘oven pmamon —Sesldy ey samen, jousim xd STRAW OMT “aNNWHD sTONIS ‘ssogna- napa uopos pu epssery ano umes WOLD “$1 1, i 2perq nm pene age Sa aps seson} >, AE 5-0 Saye sae 0 aea599 9,06 she 0 MoT BIN ej me TENT AIMETANE 9,0 60981 DOF tanormmtinn: aaa aaa a - eaees ia fa eer ee i seme cel Se Se ae ene ae meee ec alc Be a eer fen a aa Soe eo o en ee ee sevttmay nly exon marta Semin ew rave es n "Table 16, Momwats of inertia section dl and creat ratings rods Diane Seanad Weight Noma Secon Appion Appin Approx” we oti is ets dete eine io x1 mat cty (ag mm emt mat mn a A ©2827-2819" ones oui oe 1800 8 027 49 oz asm ass 7st eR sm ow Sass twos oe} sak 131167 asts as oars soa asa? Sass asm ors sm S80, amt 387s oes sas 2s woos asa 90010 m8 ess aus 2ass ano) t000 sent T6420 1192 ss ims «iss? 1860 1580 so 196317498058 9a7 878s ee 6% 7s ma oss ssn a2 es ses 888 nasa 85a 7s eas yss_ assigns 280 150°C eaperatine ris nd 40°C woe ‘Toble 17. Comparison of fat bor de. current ratings for diferent ambient and working temperatures 2 Ambler te «30% Cela fom formula 1, sion 3 “Teap,cut.ofesistane, a, at 0°C » 3781 x 10° ‘Tenp.cttt.ofrsisiviy, bt 30°C = 3.796.103 Rusty 9 at30°C = 1.7240 — ‘See Temp tie FO ma io 2 » ‘0 = @ ass 35 7a 1s 160 15 16x25 © 0 10 15 20 ais mox25 85 us 0 210 20 20 25x23, us M5 20 ass 20 sis 3152s 0 210 os 310 30 is x25 io 20 ws as 80 5 50x25 210 ais 5 us 525 37s @xs 25 xs 485 570 40 7s 16x tus 8 5 20 20 25 axa bs 1s as 2s 10 0 2x4 130 ns an 330 x70 ‘ao aisa4 10 a7 0 00 480 soo one 20 3s ‘20 0 ss ao soxd 20 ‘as io 585 70 70 axa 0 95 an os ‘0 00 ase ‘os 0s ms ws ino 104 0 ns ys oss as 2x63 ws ey as 2s 480 50, Sisees os 380 “0 sis a0 60 woxes, 2s ‘as 5 ‘30 no 70 sox63 as sis 630 10 55 0 faxes, ‘a0 as 730 os io as 0x63 sis, 70 sm 1138 ams woxs3 ao oss sss psx TS n> 2s 60 aS 2070 1x63 835 osm wom 280 sox as es as 0 nos ais x10 3s ns ms ums sox10 os sas moss gad 10 wwoxi0 BS 101500755280 eT) wo ms asm 2680 twori0 1150, tases asks es mori) tats 265 ass 3885 aonid SS RS SRS] ID tris 5 SSS sas amass ts ia5e16 mS RSS BSB tosis 12S >A IS mrs sO 2770387 aris mo 380855] D aisis 2M0__ 055170 coun cy by Ambieat temp =a0re Colao fom fr, Seton 3 ‘Tomp, col. often, 840°C ~ 3.64 103 Temp. coll. ofsisivins bar 40°C = 3.456 10°3 Resist. a 40°C = 1833 x2.en Ta ‘Temp ee om iw Ey » @ » @ Ce a 16x25 0 us us ns ws ais 025 98 10 180 210 as 200 25325 us 10 ais 20 as sis sisxzs a 210 20 ns 3s a0 wox25 10 238 om 380 as 70 sox2s 205 30 30 0 sis 370 x25 255, 300 0 550 os 85 sea 100 135 0 ns 2s 290 x4 10 15 20 20 ms as asa us 20 20 35 as as sisae 10 20 xs bos as 50 wore 20 0 ais 485 is @o sons 2s 395 00 535 ‘6s 70 fxs xs 85 610 as 10 50 soxe 0 395 730 ao 95 1095 00x 485, ns ss mt a0 25363) 10 235 Fr 0 as ss sisxe3 20 35 ‘us 10 515 oo woxes 220 0 530 0 70 70 s0x63 Ho 50s 130 aS x0 x63 “0 ois 7s vio 108030, soz6s ss 785 83 80 woos ato om tiss asso ts 125x635 MNS esas RSS Wworss smn 38S a ams ass soxi0 8s 685 Bs os 100100 exo 30 ww amass woxi0 665 om m0) sls 180 10010 nm so 555 80 sei as ra 19 ames asses i6ox10 =m = TSS ats, ass amas zor Qs] IS aon 802585 ms HDDS jooxis too sss asa msei6 ian asm mas 3380 looxts 1300 55a SS moxie sa Das) waste amos, 3810s aS SSID TD S516 2698 goas_ ups sso Tats * Ambient bp = 50°C Coban rom formal 1, e003 Temp. cot ofrexitae,a,s1S0°C=3516x 103 ‘omp. cot. ofr bt 50°C =3527 x10 Ress, at °C = L8KS yer c= “Temps CO) m 0 20 » ny 0 @ uaseas 6S 35 10) 10 158 15 16x28 %s ns us 1 15 0 20225 98 wo ns 21s x0 25s seas 0 10 210 20 20 310 piss 138 2s 260 ms a0 5 x28 m0. 250 320 a 2 65 s0x25 2s 0s 335 a5 si 565 x25 250 aS 70 55 2s oo exe 100 150 10 20 250 ms axe 120 180 0 2s 300 30 x4 Ms as 25 sa as «0 sisae 15 2s 23s 30 oo as ous as a5 ‘0 0 385 Soxe 20 30 95 S90 ss ) ext x0 0 ws ‘ns 00 380 xe 390 90 70 370 960 1080 0x4 os ns ee 25x63, 185 280 3S as 0 sis ngxes mS 0 ‘so 30 565 ws wox63, ms as san ony on 0 sox63 ws 00 0 0 as = x63 05 510 76s so wos aD x63 00 ms so mass 370 woxs3 as Ms da) 88S nasxs3 7300S esa D 1onss D355 soxi0 0 os sis 9s ons S exi0 20 70 os uss ats ss mox10 os bss mas ais SSS fori) 7 SS SS TID psxid 935 Mo) T6802 TS oox10 SS 73S 28S 25K e908 awnio = aosttos 58051 peonio «1S azaD NaHS TOD xis 9595] sais maa 227255810 wworis 8 mana ports 1795 gsm 380m) 88a ports 218m IS Sua NS sisais 5603300 sons sma 8 _ibigraphy ‘ate that ony CDA Publications ae avaible fom Copper Development Asocion. Other reference eri saab Go he propia sundassogmsaon oft cba iy service. Standas ‘eis nd Bopean Stade S23 Copp and coppe-cadmiu aly a cont we fo els tion 1BS7884 Copper and copper sanded conduc fr overhead ele actin a porerlamaisioe gt, psis9 ‘Bastar nd busbar conection, S671 Glosary oes for copper and copper ays. Bs1402 Capper foc elec pups, ip with dam or lle ees. S433 Capper for eer purpose 0a bar. S134 Copper for electra purposes comme at BS197T ———_Hlgh conc coper eso elecelpupses 1BS2873 Copper an copper aye wie. ‘BS4109 Caper ec pos wie for eel pups nor ited ‘ces and cade S608 Copp fr ler pape sh sip and ol 'BS5486: Prt? Bear nnkng systems (was). (HIBC459-2) BSEN 1652 Copper and cope ays Pn, het and cts or genera purposes. [BSEN1976 Copper and copper ays ~ Cat neous crgper profes [BSN 12163. Copper nd copper lye oso general paps [BSEN 2165 Copper and coper alos- Wrought and nec fgg sock BSEN 12166 Copper and copper ays wie gerry, BSENG09.2 Spctcuon for owvolagesvichges and cntulgarasenbis, Paco eiremens fo basa tain yen uss) ec Speciteatons 1c28 Inveraional Sandan existance for cope: TECIS7 ——_-Bshigs for aeraning vats sve 1EQ0V. 1EC273 Dimensions ondoor abd outdo pst sunt ad pst nent us for systems vith nomial vag ener han 1000 TEC344 Guide wt calcinosis of pin dct copper conductors ow Frequency wes and eee HEC3:9 etry bl ssemblr of low-vogeevisigcar an onto “Anurcan Specifinions e204 lec poeringltors tt ethos or. 63720 Swiehgerrasembiesncaing mea

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