International Symposium on Urban Geotechnics / September 2526, 2009 / Incheon / Korea

The Evaluation of Dynamic Group Pile Effect in fine sand

1), Min-Taek Yoo, 2), Eui-Kyu Yang, 3), Hyun-Uk Kim, 4), Myoung-Mo Kim
1)

2)

3)
4)

, Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

Seoul National University
, Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Seoul National University
, Member, Yooshin Engineering Corporation
, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National
University

SYNOPSIS : Shaking table tests are performed to evaluate the dynamic group pile effect in fine sand.
Single pile tests and 2 4 group pile tests are performed on 3D pile spacing. Dynamic p-y backbone curves
are obtained to evaluate dynamic group pile effect by using dynamic p-y curve of single pile. And dynamic
group pile p-multiplier is estimated by dynamic p-y backbone curve. Dynamic p-multiplier can be calculated
by using subground reaction ratio of dynamic p-y backbone curve which is the same displacement of p-y
curve peak point
As the result, dynamic group pile effects are evaluated in terms of a shaking frequency, a shaking
acceleration, and a relative density. Dynamic group pile p-multiplier is the largest at lead pile, and the value
decrease at middle pile and trail pile. p multiplier increases as increasing input acceleration and decreasing
relative density. This results coincide with NCHRPs research which suggest p multiplier increases as
increasing pile cap displacement.

1.
,
. ,
p-y p-(P-multiplier) . p-
(P-multiplier) .

1. P-(P-multiplier) (NCHRP, 2001)

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 Prakash(1981) 3
0.25 8 .
NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2001) p-(p-multiplier)

. (2007) 1-g
. (2007)
.
0.57mm
.
1g p(p-multiplier) . , , ,

.

2. 1g
2.1
192cm, 44cm, 60cm , 2cm
5cm
.
(boundary effect) 20cm 4.5cm .
1.8cm, 0.1cm . 70cm
50cm 20cm Pile Cap
. 10
3cm, 7cm, 15cm, 27cm, 40cm .
S/D=3 24kg
1 7 170kg .
, 8
21kg, 1/2 10kg 1/4 5kg
p-y .
LVDT .
1 .

(a)

(b)
2.

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 1.

0.082mm
0.38mm

0.17mm
0.57mm

2.317
1.58

Gs
2.65
2.65

3
16.09 kN/m
15.99 kN/m3

3
12.65 kN/m
13.05 kN/m3

2.2
,
, .
(sin) 4 6.26Hz, 9.4Hz, 12.5Hz 3 0.09g, 0.154g, 0.26g 3
. , 6.26hz 0.154g
0.26g .
2.

(%)
40, 80
40, 80

(g)
0.09, 0.154, 0.26
0.09, 0.154, 0.26

(Hz)
6.26, 9.4, 12.5
6.26, 9.4, 12.5

(kg)
21, 10, 5
168

3. p-y backbone
p-y p-(P-multiplier)
p-(P-multiplier) p-y .
p-y p-y backbone .

3.1 p-y
p-y . 5
.
(Cubic spline) .
p-y .
FFT p y (band pass filtering)
. y ypile .
p-y y ysoil ypile - ysoil .

3.2 p-y backbone

p-y backbone
. p-y
p-y backbone .
p-y
. p-y O'Neil p-y
. O'Neil p-y API p-y
.

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(a) 40%, 1.7D

(b) 40%, 3.9D

(c) 80%, 1.7D

(d) 80%, 3.9D

3. p-y peak O'Neil p-y

p-y O'Neil p-y
O'Neil p-y p . O'Neil p-y
. p-y
backbone .
p-y backbone p-y backbone
Origin.

----(1)

1 p-y backbone . p-y

.

3. p-y backbone
40%
3cm
7cm

80%
3cm
7 cm

29.64

114.82

65.04

274.34

9.61

17.14

21.54

77.29

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 ,
. , 9.4Hz 12.5Hz 1%
.
p-y backbone O'Neil p-y .

(a) 40%, 1.7D

(b) 40%, 3.9D

(c) 80%, 1.7D

(d) 80%, 3.9D

4. p-y backbone

4. P-(p-multiplier)
p-y backbone p- .
p-y p-y backbone curve . , , 1
, 2 ,
p-y backbone p- .
peak p-y backbone
p- NCHRP .

5. p-(p-multiplier)

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 p-(p-multiplier) 3cm, 7cm .

p-(p-multiplier) 4 .
6.26Hz, 0.154g 1
p-y p-(p-mlultipler) .
4. p-(p-multiplier)
40%, 1.7D(3cm)
(%)
Hz
(g)
0.09
40
6.26
0.154
0.26
0.09
40
9.4
0.154
0.26
0.09
40
12.5
0.154
0.26
40%, 3.9D(7cm)
(%)
Hz
(g)
0.09
40
6.26
0.154
0.26
0.09
40
9.4
0.154
0.26
0.09
40
12.5
0.154
0.26
80%, 1.7D(3cm)
(%)
Hz
(g)
0.09
80
6.26
0.154
0.26
0.09
80
9.4
0.154
0.26
0.09
80
12.5
0.154
0.26
80%, 3.9D(7cm)
(%)
Hz
(g)
0.09
80
6.26
0.154
0.26
0.09
80
9.4
0.154
0.26
0.09
80
12.5
0.154
0.26

1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

p multiplier
1
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

2
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.7

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

p multiplier
1
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.8

2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.6

1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.6
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.8

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p multiplier
1
0.9
1.0
0.3
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.0
p multiplier
1
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6

2
0.5
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4

 p-(p-multiplier) , 1 , 2
. ,
p-(p-multiplier) . .
p-(p-multiplier) (2002)
p-(p-multiplier) NCHRP(2001)
. (2002) p-y backbone API p-y
p-(p-multiplier) p-(p-multiplier)
. p-(p-multiplier) p .
p-(p-multiplier) NCHRP(2001) .
p-(p-multiplier) .

.

5.
,
.
1. p-y (peak) O'Neil p-y ,
O'Neil p-y O'Neil p-y p .
2. p-y p-y backbone
p-(p-multiplier) . p-(p-multiplier)
0.09g 0.6
0.26g . p-(p-multiplier)
1 10~40% 2
50~150% p-(p-multiplier) . p-(p-multiplier)
p-(p-multiplier) .
.

2009 () (No.
R0A-2007-000-10004-0(2009)).

1. , , , (2002), p-y ,
, 18 1, pp. 127~132.
2. (1998), p-y , 2007 .
3. (1999), .
4. National Cooperative Highway Research Program(2001), "Static and Dynamic Lateral Loading of Pile
Groups", NCHRP Report 461, Transportation Research Board - National Research Council.
5. O'Neil. M.. W., and Murchinson, J.M.(1983), "An evaluation of p-y relationships in sand," In
Rep.Prepared for American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.

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