Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bahan Ajar 2
Bahan Ajar 2
As an auxiliary verb
The auxiliary form of need is used mainly in questions and negatives. It is also used after
negative words like hardly and only.
The auxiliary need is followed by an infinitive without to. It has no s in the third person
singular.
The auxiliary need is mainly used to ask for or give permission. It is not used to talk
about habitual or general things.
If the answer is in the negative, you should say No, he need not or No, you need not.
But if the answer is in the positive, you should say Yes, he must or Yes, you must.
The opposite of need not in such a context is not need but must.
Need not + perfect infinitive
The structure need not + perfect infinitive can be used to say that somebody did
something, but that was unnecessary.
They need not have come all this way. (= They came all this way, but it was not
necessary.)
We need not have waited for his approval. (= We waited for his approval, but that
was not necessary.)
You need not have bought a new car.
You need not have paid for that call.
Note that need not have does not mean the same as did not need to. When we say that
somebody did not need to do something, we are simply saying that it was not necessary
(whether or not it was done).
Compare:
I need not have bought it. (=I bought it, but it was not necessary.)
I didn't need to buy it. (=It was not necessary for me to buy it.)
Need + participle
In British English it is possible to use an ing form after need. It means the same as a
passive infinitive.
A structure with need + object + present/past participle is also possible in some cases.
Soccer Rules
Decide whether to use 'must not' or 'need not'.
1. The teams must notIt is not allowed. have more than 11 players on the field
during a match.
2. But there need notIt is not necessary. (Some players might have been sent off by
the referee.) even be 11 players playing for each team.
3. Players must notIt is not allowed. wear anything which might injure another
player.
4. Players need notIt is not necessary. (They may also play the ball with their heads,
knees etc.) play the ball with their feet only.
5. Substituted players must notIt is not allowed. return to the game.
6. Players must notSIt is not allowed. leave the game without the referee's
permission.
7. Players must notIt is not allowed. hold an opponent.
8. The referee need notIt is not necessary. (It depends on how strict the referee is.)
send a player off if he has committed foul play.
9. However, if a player is sent off during the game, he must notIt is not allowed. be
replaced.
10. A period need notIt is not necessary. (The referee can decide to let the play go on
for another couple of minutes.) be over after exactly 45 minutes.