Earth Summit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The United Nations Conference on Environment and

Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, Rio
Conference, and Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92 [ku no
vt j doj]), was a major United Nations conference held in
Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development was also held in Rio, and is also commonly called
Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012. It was held from 20 to 22
June.

The Earth Summit was a UN event

Contents
1 Overview
1.1 Results
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

Overview
172 governments participated, with 116 sending their heads of state or government.[1] Some 2,400
representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with 17,000 people at the parallel
NGO "Global Forum" (also called Forum Global), who had Consultative Status.
The issues addressed included:
systematic scrutiny of patterns of production particularly the production of toxic components,
such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals
alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climate
change
new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in
cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smoke
the growing scarcity of water
An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the
Kyoto Protocol. Another agreement was to "not carry out any activities on the lands of indigenous
peoples that would cause environmental degradation or that would be culturally inappropriate".

The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature at the Earth Summit, and made a start
towards redefinition of measures that did not inherently encourage destruction of natural ecoregions and
so-called uneconomic growth.
Twelve cities were also honoured by the Local Government Honours Award for innovative local
environmental programs. These included Sudbury in Canada for its ambitious program to rehabilitate
environmental damage from the local mining industry, Austin in the United States for its green building
strategy, and Kitakysh in Japan for incorporating an international education and training component
into its municipal pollution control program.

Results
The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[2]
Agenda 21[3][4]
Forest Principles
Moreover, important legally binding agreements were opened for signature:
Convention on Biological Diversity[5]
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
Critics, however, point out that many of the agreements made in Rio have not been realized regarding
such fundamental issues as fighting poverty and cleaning up the environment.
Green Cross International was founded to build upon the work of the Summit.

See also
Earth Summit 2002 "Rio+10" held in Johannesburg
Ecology summit
Global Map
National Strategy for a Sustainable America
Precautionary principle
Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian countries
The Environmental Institute
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development also known as "Rio 2012" or "Rio+20",
hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, as a 20-year follow-up to the historic 1992 United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

References

1. ^ Taib, Fauziah (1997). Malaysia and UNCED. London: Kluwer Law International. p. 1. ISBN 90 411 0683
9.
2. ^ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. "Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development" (http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/rio-dec.htm). Habitat.igc.org. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
3. ^ United Nations Agenda 21 (http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm)
4. ^ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. "Agenda 21: Table of Contents. Earth
Summit, 1992" (http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/). Habitat.igc.org. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
5. ^ "CBD Home" (http://www.cbd.int). Cbd.int. Retrieved 2014-08-04.

External links
Documents from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (also known
as UNCED or the Earth Summit)
(http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml) held in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, 1992
video: George Hunt reviews UNCED 1992 (http://video.google.com/videoplay?
docid=-6642758020554799808)
video: Severn Suzuki, 13 years old, speaks for Environmental Children Organization UNCED
1992 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g8cmWZOX8Q)
Address at Rio Earth Summit (http://dalailama.com/messages/environment/address-at-rio), Tenzin
Gyatso Dalai Lama
Agenda 21 at the Center for a World in Balance (http://rio2012.org/intagreements/1992-rioagenda21.php)
A critical New Internationalist (http://www.newint.org) keynote about the 1992 Rio Earth Summit
(http://www.newint.org/features/1992/04/05/keynote/)
Rio Summit- news, reports, documents, opinions...
(http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/rio-summit.)
Rio+20 on India Environment Portal (http://www.environmentportal.in/thesaurus/rio20)

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Categories: 1992 in Brazil United Nations conferences Diplomatic conferences in Brazil
20th-century diplomatic conferences 1992 conferences 1992 in international relations
1992 in the environment Environmental conferences
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