Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Li cm n
Lun vn c thc hin di s hng dn ca PGS. TS. H Quang
Thy - Trng i hc Cng ngh. Em xin by t lng bit n su sc ti Thy
hng dn v c kin ch dn qu bu trong qu trnh em lm lun vn. Em
xin chn thnh cm n Tin s Nguyn Hi Chu v Tin s Nguyn H Nam
B mn Cc H thng Thng tin, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin cho nhiu
kin ng gp qu bu bn lun vn c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh
cm n cc Thy gio trong b mn Cc H thng Thng tin, nhm seminar
Khai ph d liu v ng dng. Em cng xin cm n cc thy c gio trong
Khoa, cn b thuc phng Khoa hc v o to sau i hc, Trng i hc
Cng ngh to iu kin trong qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu ti Trng.
Cui cng xin by t lng cm n ti nhng ngi thn trong gia nh, bn b
ng vin v gip ti hon thnh bn lun vn ny.
H Ni, Thng 5/2008
Hc vin thc hin
Phm c Chin
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MC LC
Trang
-43.1.1.Phn lp d liu............................................................................................................53
3.1.2. Cc vn lin quan n phn lp d liu..................................................................56
3.1.3 Cc phng php nh gi chnh xc ca m hnh phn lp ..................................58
3.2 Cy quyt nh ng dng trong phn lp d liu ..........................................................59
3.2.1.nh ngha: ...................................................................................................................59
3.2.2. Cc vn trong khai ph d liu s dng cy quyt nh.........................................60
3.2.3.Xy dng cy quyt nh..............................................................................................62
Kt lun chng 3....................................................................................................................63
KT LUN .............................................................................................................81
TI LIU THAM KHO .....................................................................................83
PH LC 1: M T BNG D LIU S DNG ...........................................84
PH LC 2: THNG TIN V QUN L QU TRNH C NHN CA
CHC NNG H S HIN TI ........................................................................85
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M U
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Hnh 1.1 Thng k tng hp s liu bng vic s dng phn mm tin hc
Thc hic vic trin khai theo yu cu nh hng ny, trong nm 2006
B Ti chnh tin hnh trin khai phn mm cp nht phiu iu tra cn b
cng chc, s yu l lch cn b cng chc, ti Tng cc Hi quan v cc n v
trong ngnh Ti chnh:
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Gii php cc b cho quy nh cng nhc v thang lng l chi tr tin
thng cho cn b. Mc d hi quan nhiu nc p dng c ch thng song rt
t trong s c ch thng gip nng cao kt qu lm vic v hiu qu hot
ng cui cng. c ch thng c tc dng th mc thng phi cao c
th lp y khong cch vi thu nhp trong khu vc t nhn (c khu tr tnh n
nh khi lm vic trong khu vc nh nc) v tha mn mt s cc tiu ch kht
khe. Cc khon thng phi m bo tnh chnh ng trong ni b ngnh hi
quan cng nh ngoi ngnh, phi khch quan, minh bch v d qun l. Ngoi
ra, cc khon thng cng phi p ng tiu ch SMART, tc l c th
(Specific), c th o lng c (Measurable), c th t c (Achievable) v
ng thi im (Timed). Tuy nhin, khng d g khi m bo rng nh gi kt
qu lm vic cung cp c s c th phn loi cn b tha ng (V d nh
ti Marc, c ni no p dng ch thng 100% lng c bn cho cn b c
kt qu lm vic t yu cu th ni i a s cc cn b s c nh gi l
tiu chun nhn mc thng ln nht).
Cc khon thng c cc i tng trong ngnh coi l chnh ng khi h
thng thng c phn phi mt cch cng bng v minh bch, khng thin v
v c c ch khiu ni v quyt nh thng. Cc khon thng c cc i
tng ngoi ngnh coi l chnh ng khi c chp nhn ngoi ngnh hi quan
v c ngn sch cho cc khon thng . H thng thng nu khng m bo
tnh chnh ng d l trong ngnh hay ngoi ngnh th s khng bn vng (V d
ti Ga-na, khng th duy tr c mc lng cao hn cho cn b hi quan theo
c ch C quan Thu thu c lp (ARA) trc s phn i ca cn b cng
chc cc ngnh khc). Cc iu kin nghim ngt cn p ng m bo c
ch thng cao b p c mc lng thp ca cn b hi quan cng t
ra nhiu thch thc trong qu trnh thit k v thc thi. iu ny khin cho cc
h thng kiu ny tr nn ht sc ri ro v cn c gim st cht ch.
Mt phng n khc c th thay th cho vic chi tr mc thng cao l p dng
thang lng cao hn cho cc cn b lm trong ngnh hi quan. L do bin minh
cho gii php ny l vic huy ng ngun thu ngn sch ng mt vai tr quan
trng i vi vn hnh ca chnh ph. Lng bng tt hn cng phn no gip
bo v cn b hi quan trc cm d ca vic nhn hi l t doanh nghip. Cn
kt hp bin php p dng thang lng cao hn vi ci cch hi quan tng th
nhm m bo tng cng kt qu lm vic cng nh hiu qu hot ng.
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Hi quan mt s nc p dng gii php mnh tay hn gii quyt tnh trng
lng bng khng tha ng bng cch thit lp cc ARA. Trong thi gian u,
cc ARA tr cho cn b hi quan mt mc lng mang tnh cnh tranh so vi
mc lng tr trong khu vc t nhn hoc mc lng cao nht tr cho cng
chc.
Tng lng v thng chc da trn kt qu lm vic cng l hai nhn t to
ng lc lm vic quan trng cho cn b. Tuy nhin, c hai li thng b hn
ch bi cc chnh sch bt cng nhc p dng cho tt c cc cng chc m
theo quyt nh thng chc hay tng lng ph thuc nhiu vo thm nin.
Phi tha nhn l vn c nhng trng hp ngoi l. V d, M-dm-bch, kt
qu lm vic ca cn b c nh gi hng qu trong hai nm o to tp s v
sau c thanh tra ngnh theo di cht ch. Hi quan ng-g-la li p dng
mt h thng nh gi cng chc thng nin nhm mc ch i chiu k nng
lm vic vi m t cng vic, t xc nh mt cch chnh xc cc ng c vin
b nhim ln v tr cao hn.
Tnh trng c s h tng thiu thn trong c vn phng lm vic cng nh
nh cng v, nht l ti cc tr s hi quan vng su vng xa, cng tc ng n
o c ngh nghip v tinh thn lm vic ca cn b hi quan. H tng nhng
ni nh vy thng b b b trong nhiu nm v thiu ngn sch. Tnh trng nh
cng v ti tn nhiu im kim sot bin gii khin cho vic chuyn n
lm vic ti nhng ni ny b coi nh mt hnh pht hay b y vo ch kh
khn mt cch bt cng. Ci cch hi quan ti Dm-bia v Tanzania bao gm c
mng nng cp c s h tng, mt im c nh gi cao bi cn b hi quan.
f)Lim chnh v cc hnh thc k lut
Thng quan hi quan hin i vi vic p dng cao cng ngh thng
tin v cung cp ch i ng tha ng cho cn b s ng vai tr quyt nh
trong cuc u tranh chng li cc vn lim chnh. Tuy nhin, kinh nghim
cho thy nh th vn cha trit tiu hon ton nn tham nhng. V vy, bt
k chnh sch ngun nhn lc no cng cn ch r cch thc gii quyt nhng
vn . Cn b hi quan cn phi nhn thc y rng khng c ch cho cc
hnh vi tham nhng v tc trch. C th nu r cc hnh thc k lut trong s tay
nhn s. C nhiu hnh thc k lut cc mc khc nhau t khin trch,
khng tng lng, ct thng cho n sa thi. Song cn lu rng khng c
p dng hnh thc sa thi cn b mt cch khinh sut. Cng cn c cc bin
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mi lin h gia cng vic c xc nh thng qua phn tch cng vic vi
cc ch s nh gi c thit k trong phiu nh gi.v.v...;
- Tnh nhy cm. Tnh nhy cm i hi h thng nh gi phi c nhng
cng c o lng chun xc cc mc khc nhau ca s hon thnh cng vic
hay khng hon thnh cng vic, tc l t c hay khng t c mc tiu;
- Tnh tin cy. Th hin s nht qun ca cc nh gi trong ton b qu
trnh nh gi cho d chng c thc hin vi phng php no. Tc l h
thng nh gi phi bo m sao cho i vi mi i tng nh gi th kt qu
nh gi ca cc ch th nh gi khc nhau phi thng nht v c bn;
- Tnh c chp nhn. Tnh ny th hin v cng t ra i hi vi h
thng nh gi m trong cc ch s nh gi phi c i tng nh gi
chp nhn, tc l thuyt phc c h;
- Tnh thc tin. Th hin vic cc phng php nh gi phi kh thi
vi nhng cng c n gin, d hiu, d thc hin khng ch vi i tng nh
gi m c vi th trng n v thc hin nh gi;
- Tnh khng li. nh gi ngun nhn lc l hot ng ca con ngi do
vy thng hay gp phi cc li nh: thin v, xu hng trung bnh, thi cc,
nh kin, nh hng ca cc s kin gn nht.v.v.... trnh cc li ny t ra
nghin cu v a ra yu cu v tnh khng li ca h thng nh gi.
Nh vy, thng qua cc ch s nh gi v ni dung yu cu ca cng
vic nh gi ngun lc mang tnh khoa hc trnh by trn cho chng ta
thy nh gi ngun nhn lc l mt trong s nhng vn quan trng trong
pht trin ngun nhn lc. nh gi ng, c nhng k hoch tt th s pht
trin c kt qu ngun nhn lc, ngc li s cho kt qu "m tnh".
k)Kt lun kho st thc trng yu cu v vn qun l ngun nhn lc ca c
quan Hi quan:
Qun l tt ngun nhn lc l cha kho cho qun l hi quan hiu qu.
Tuy nhin, vic ny thng b b qua dn n tnh trng vn lim chnh ko
di gy hu qu xu cho vic cung cp dch v cho khch hng mi kha cnh.
Cng tc qun l ngun nhn lc l mt qu trnh nhiu mt bao gm tuyn
dng, o to, chnh sch i ng v bt cn b cng nh thc thi cc quy
nh ca php lut. Khng c vic no trong s ny l d thc hin v thng
phi thc hin trong mt mi trng y kh khn nh ngn sch hn hp hay b
b buc bi cc quy nh cho cn b cng chc. Song khng v th m khng
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u t suy ngh tm ra nhng sng kin mi. Nghin cu thc a cho thy
trong iu kin cn kh khn, vic ch trng nhiu hn n cc vn ngun
nhn lc s thu c nhng li ch ng k. Tng cng phng ban qun l
ngun nhn lc l mt cch bt u tt. Quan im ny c ph bin rng ri
cho ton th cn b cng chc trong ngnh hi quan qun trit tip thu v
cng nghin cu thc hin.
1.2.5. Thc trng d liu, xut yu cu cn t c v kin trc ca h
thng:
a)D liu hin c:
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Weka l phn mm khai thc d liu vit bng ngn ng Java. Weka tp
hp cc thut ton my hc cho cc tc v khai thc d liu. Weka gm cc
cng c thc hin: tin x l d liu(data pre-processing), phn lp
(classification), hi quy (regression), gom cm (clustering), lut kt hp
(association rules). Chng ta c th tm hiu v s dng n qua website
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/index.html.
X l file d liu phn lp trong Weka:
File d liu dng trong Weka l file .arff(file ny do phn mm Weka to
ra) hoc file .csv (file dng d liu Excel).
Phn lp trong Weka
Chng ta c th dng d liu file.csv ca c s d liu nhn s va kit xut
(export) bng chc nng ca h qun tr Microsoft SQL Server hoc s dng 2
file bank-data.csv v bank.arff do phn mm cung cp kim tra chc nng
phn lp ca Weka.
- thc hin phn lp, u tin chng ta phi chn file cn phn lp
(Hnh 2.4 l hnh nh sau khi ti file d liu).
- Sau khi m file, chn tab Classify. Nhn nt Choose chn phn lp theo
lut no: Bayes, C4.5,(tng ng C4.5 , trong Weka l J48)
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X l file d liu
Mi b d liu dng trong See5/C5.0 gm c 3 file:
-Filestem.names: nh ngha b d liu;
-Filestem.data: cha d liu training, c cu trc nh sau: mi dng tng ng
vi mt bn ghi (cases) trong c s d liu. Mi dng mt b gi tr theo th
nh ca cc thuc tnh nh ngha trong filestem.names. Cc gi tr ngn cch
nhau bi du phy. Gi tr thiu (missing value) c biu din bng du ?.
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-Filestem.test: cha d liu test, File ny cha d liu test trn m hnh phn lp
c to ra t tp d liu training, v c cu trc ging filestem.data.
nh gi h tr ca See5/C5.0 v mt phn tch v d on s liu:
C s d liu nhn s dng H qun tr Microsoft SQL. V th, c d
liu cho phn tch ta phi kit xut d liu theo nh dng;
Giao din kt qu kh khai thc theo yu cu( y l ng dng ci t
cho tng my trm khng pht trin c ng dng phn tch trc tuyn);
D liu u vo cho phn tch dng phi nh ngha cu trc file. Khng
c h tr kt ni trc tip vo c s d liu;
-
Gii thiu:
DTREG l chng trnh phn tch thng k mnh, pht sinh cy quyt
nh phn lp, hi quy v m hnh SVM m t mi lin h d liu, c th s
dng d on gi tr cho s kho st tng lai.
File d liu
DTREG gm 2 file:
File .csv (file dng d liu Excel) cha d liu ngun phc v cho vic
phn tch;
File dtree cha cc kt qu hin th phn tch:
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Oracle,;
- Bn phi mn hnh hin th thng tin chi tit v 1 i tng ang chn
trn cy bn tri. Tab Meta Data hin th thng tin chung v cu trc
ca i tng . Tab Data hin th d liu ang cha trong i tng .
Cc chc nng c bn trn mn hnh Analysis Manager :
a. ng k mt Analysis Server (my ch phn tch d liu);
b. To mt database (c s d liu phn tch);
c. To mt khi d liu (d liu tng hp-phn tch nhiu chiu);
d. To mt chiu (dimension);
e. To php o (measure).
f. Hin th m hnh (Brow)
g. Ly d liu (process)
Xy dng m hnh phn tch kho d liu nhn s:
Ly d liu ngun chn bng HC_EMP (bng cha thng tin h s nhn s)
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Lp 1
D liu
vo
Thut ton
Phn lp
Hot ng
Lp 2
Lp n
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gi tr lin tc. V d m hnh phn lp d bo thi tit c th cho bit thi tit
ngy mai l ma, hay nng da vo nhng thng s v m, sc gi, nhit
, ca ngy hm nay v cc ngy trc . Hay nh cc lut v xu hng
mua hng ca khch hng trong siu th, cc nhn vin kinh doanh c th ra
nhng quyt sch ng n v lng mt hng cng nh chng loi by bn
Mt m hnh d on c th d on c lng tin tiu dng ca cc khch
hng tim nng da trn nhng thng tin v thu nhp v ngh nghip ca khch
hng. Trong nhng nm qua, phn lp d liu thu ht s quan tm cc nh
nghin cu trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh hc my (machine learning), h
chuyn gia (expert system), thng k (statistics)... Cng ngh ny cng ng
dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh: thng mi, nh bng, maketing,
nghin cu th trng, bo him, y t, gio dc...
Qu trnh phn lp d liu gm hai bc [1]:
Bc th nht (learning)
Qu trnh hc nhm xy dng mt m hnh m t mt tp cc lp d liu
hay cc khi nim nh trc. u vo ca qu trnh ny l mt tp d liu c
cu trc c m t bng cc thuc tnh v c to ra t tp cc b gi tr ca
cc thuc tnh . Mi b gi tr c gi chung l mt phn t d liu (data
tuple), c th l cc mu (sample), v d (example), i tng (object), bn ghi
(record) hay trng hp (case). Lun vn s dng cc thut ng ny vi ngha
tng ng. Trong tp d liu ny, mi phn t d liu c gi s thuc v
mt lp nh trc, lp y l gi tr ca mt thuc tnh c chn lm thuc
tnh gn nhn lp hay thuc tnh phn lp (class label attribute). u ra ca
bc ny thng l cc quy tc phn lp di dng lut dng if-then, cy quyt
nh, cng thc logic, hay mng nron. Qu trnh ny c m t nh trong
hnh v:
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Classification
algorithm
Training data
T u i? Ng o a i?n g u C h o ?
n T
25
Anh
OK
35
Anh
OK
40
Anh
Lost
27
F ra nc e
Lost
32
C hine s e
Lost
30
Anh
OK
32
Anh
OK
40
F ra nc e
Lost
Classifier (model)
if tui <= 35
or Ngoi ng =Anh
then Chn T = OK
Bc th hai (classification)
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Tu?
i Ngoa?
i ngu Cho?
nDT
27
Anh
OK
34
Phap
Lost
66
TrungQuoc Lost
44
Anh
Lost
Cho?
n T
OK
Lost
Lost
OK
Classifier (model)
T u i? N g o a i? n g u C h o n
? T
27
Anh
34
P ha p
55
Trung
34
Anh
Chon
? T
OK
Lost
Lost
OK
Trong m hnh phn lp, thut ton phn lp gi vai tr trung tm, quyt
nh ti s thnh cng ca m hnh phn lp. Do vy cha kha ca vn phn
lp d liu l tm ra c mt thut ton phn lp nhanh, hiu qu, c chnh
xc cao v c kh nng m rng c. Trong kh nng m rng c ca
thut ton c c bit ch trng v pht trin.
3.1.2. Cc vn lin quan n phn lp d liu
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Training set
Derive
classifier
Esitmate
accuracy
Data
Test set
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Vic thao tc vi thuc tnh lin tc trn cy quyt nh hon ton khng
n gin nh vi thuc tnh ri rc.
Thuc tnh ri rc c tp gi tr (domain) xc nh t trc v l tp hp
cc gi tr ri rc. V d ngch cng chc l mt thuc tnh ri rc vi tp gi tr
l: {nhn vin, kim tra vin, kim tra vin chnh, kim tra vin cao cp}.Vic
phn chia d liu da vo php kim tra gi tr ca thuc tnh ri rc c chn
ti mt v d c th c thuc tp gi tr ca thuc tnh hay khng: value(A)
X vi X domain (A). y l php kim tra logic n gin, khng tn nhiu ti
nguyn tnh ton. Trong khi , vi thuc tnh lin tc (thuc tnh dng s) th
tp gi tr l khng xc nh trc. Chnh v vy, trong qu trnh pht trin cy,
cn s dng kim tra dng nh phn: value(A) . Vi l hng s ngng
(threshold) c ln lt xc nh da trn tng gi tr ring bit hay tng cp
gi tr lin nhau (theo th t sp xp) ca thuc tnh lin tc ang xem xt
trong tp d liu o to. iu c ngha l nu thuc tnh lin tc A trong tp
d liu o to c d gi tr phn bit th cn thc hin d-1 ln kim tra value(A)
i vi i = 1..d-1 tm ra ngng best tt nht tng ng vi thuc tnh .
Vic xc nh gi tr ca v tiu chun tm tt nht ty vo chin lc ca
tng thut ton.
3.2.3.Xy dng cy quyt nh
Bao gm 2 giai on: to cy v ta cy . To cy thi im bt u tt
c nhng v d hun luyn l gc sau phn chia v d hun luyn theo cch
qui da trn thuc tnh c chn . Vic ta cy l xc nh v xa nhng
nhnh m c phn t hn lon hoc nhng phn t nm ngoi (nhng phn t
khng th phn vo mt lp no ) .
Thut ton qui np to cy quyt nh c chia thnh cc bc nh sau:
1. Cy c xy dng qui t trn xung di (top-down) v theo cch
thc chia tr (divide-conquer);
2. thi im bt u , tt c nhng v d hun luyn gc;
3. Thuc tnh c phn loi ( nu l gi tr lin tc chng c ri rc
ha);
4. Nhng v d hun luyn c phn chia qui da trn thuc tnh m
n chn la;
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3:
4:
k s cc nt con ca n ;
5:
if k > 0 then
6:
To ra k nt con n1, , nk ca n ;
7:
8:
for i 1, k do
9:
10:
XayDungCay( ni , Di , LL ) ;
end for
11: end if
12: end procedure
Kt lun chng 3
Chng ny nghin cu v k thut phn lp d liu s dng cy quyt
nh. Lun vn tip cn mt cch tng quan bi ton phn lp i vo nhng
nh gi ca thut ton phn lp. Tip theo l nhng vn s dng cy quyt
nh: qu trnh hnh thnh cy, cc vn lin quan v nhng c tnh, im
mnh, im yu ca cy quyt nh. Chng ny mc ch xem xt kin thc k
thut nn tng c s dng trong phn thc nghim trong lun vn lm c s
so snh a ra nhng kt lun nghin cu.
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C S D
LIU
NHN S
Cp cc
Kt xut ra
file d liu
KHAI THC BO CO
(Phc v qun l v phn
tch)
Fax v Cng
vn bo co
Cp Tng cc
D LIU VO
Phiu iu tra
cn b cng
chc (S yu l
lch)
C S D
LIU
NHN S
Ton
ngnh
KHAI THC BO
CO
(Phc v qun l v
phn tch)
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Bc 2:
Xc nh thuc tnh cn d on v thuc tnh u vo cho m hnh. u im
ca cng c ny khng ph thuc qu nhiu vo vic chun b d liu;
Bc 3:
Dng chc nng xy dng m hnh :
+M t bng d liu vi d liu vo v trng d liu cn d on;
+Chn thut ton cn s dng trong lun vn ny ta dng Microsoft Decision
Tree.
Ta c m hnh cn.
4.1.3.Cc m hnh c xy dng:
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Gii thch cy
Mi ngi (ALL ) Ni lm vic H ni(Recr Code Tinh=HaNoi) c xem
xt trong m hnh.
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Cc gi tr ly c t m hnh:
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Position_Class=
Not i trng
Position_Class=
Not Ph i trng
Rpos_Date_year=
missing
Position_Class=
Not chuyn vin
Lea_Alw_Coef =
Missing
Nt gc
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Mt trng hp khc cng lin quan n vic theo di, pht hin iu
chnh s liu.
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Gi tr ct
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Gii thch
Th trng n v
Xc nh v xut nhu cu
B phn nhn s
(n v qun l h
s cn b)
B phn nhn s
(n v qun l h
s cn b)
Lnh o b phn
qun l nhn s
B phn nhn s
(n v qun l h
s cn b)
B phn nhn s
(n v qun l h
s cn b)
Ph duyt
ch trng
Chun b h s
Kim tra h s ca n v
Lnh o Tng cc
Ph duyt
Lnh o Tng cc
Lnh o Tng cc
Ph duyt
Quyt nh
v trin khai thc hin
- 80 -
Kt lun chng 4
Cc m hnh a ra minh chng y minh ha mt s c im m
phng php thng k thng thng khng th lm c cng nh tnh u vit
th hin trong c tnh h tr quyt nh ca cng c v phng php. Qua m
hnh la chn cn b o to ta s thy c c tnh h tr cho vic la chn
chnh xc, i tng cn chn (o to, tuyn dng..). Tnh trc quan trong
vic theo di s liu h tr vic iu chnh b sung d liu st hn, y hn
trong minh ha phn lp v tr cng tc. Thy c c tnh h tr thng tin
hoch nh m hnh t chc trong vic b sung, iu chuyn hay ct gim nhn
s ca cc n v trong t chc. M hnh gim st theo di cng vic trnh by
kh nng h tr gim st cng vic phc v cng tc nh gi.
Nh vy, kt qu nh gi s dng thng tin thu c t cc c tnh
cung cp ca cc m hnh phn lp da trn cy quyt nh s dng cng c
phn tch Microsoft Analysis mang li nhng c im tin ch sau:
Tm kim nhng d liu tim n trong d liu, bng phng php thng
k thng thng khng pht hin c. Phng php thng k truyn thng p
ng u phi nh ngha mc ch trc, sau s dng phng php thch hp
c c thng tin chng ta cn, c c nhng thng tin qu gi, ng
quan tm, chng ta phi tn rt nhiu cng sc tm kim. Vic tm kim
khng phi d rng nu khng hiu bit cu trc v ngha thng tin ca bng
d liu;
Vic s dng cng c bt c rt nhiu cng sc chun b d liu.
Cng c h tr rt nhiu trong vic phn tch trn mt bng hoc cc bng c
mi quan h vi nhau;
D liu nhn s l d liu thng xuyn thay i, tng trng. Vic dng
m hnh phn lp trn cy quyt nh p ng yu cu gim st d liu.
Khng nh gim st d liu, pht hin s sai st trong qu trnh nhp liu ch c
th s dng phng php khai ph d liu;
Kt qu cn biu hin tnh trc quan trong phn tch. T nhng c im
m ra mt cch nhn mi v cng tc thng k bo co.
- 81 -
KT LUN
Thng qua thu thp thng tin v kho st yu cu, lun vn cp mt
quan im qun l ngun nhn lc trong thi im mi p dng cho c quan Hi
quan. Tip cn bc u ca lun vn tin hnh kho st c thc trng khai
thc c s d liu h s nhn s hin c a ra phng php khai thc mi
khoa hc hiu qu hn mang c tnh m hnh h tr ra quyt nh cho mt
phn cng vic trng tm ca cng tc qun l ngun nhn lc. Nng cao hiu
qu vic khai thc d liu s yu l lch c lu tr cha c chun ha l
mang tnh tch cc, rt c ngha phc v cng tc. Cc m hnh a ra minh
chng y minh ha mt s c im m phng php thng k thng thng
cng nh cc bo co mu a ra c xy dng theo phng php thng khng
th lm c cng nh tnh u vit th hin trong c tnh h tr quyt nh ca
cng c v phng php. Qua m hnh phn thc nghim thy c nhiu c
tnh h tr cho vic phn tch trc tuyn, tnh trc quan ca m hnh, c tnh
gim st cng vic, hoch nh m hnh t chc, nng cao cht lng cho quy
trnh quyt nh... S dng phn lp d liu da trn cy quyt nh d on
cc thng tin quan trng ca 1 h s nhn s l c s nh gi.
V mt nghin cu cng c, phn lp d liu nhn s da trn quyt nh
v s dng cng c Analysis Service ca Microsoft khm ph ra thuc tnh
n trong d liu v p ng c yu cu phn tch trn d liu nhn s lun
tng trng ,thay i thng xuyn ph hp cho vic trin khai p dng vic
phn tch, xy dng m hnh(gim thi gian cng sc chun b d liu xy dng
m hnh phn lp).
Hng m ca lun vn l d liu h s nhn s hin c ang giai on
s khi nhng kt qu minh ha cho thy tnh hu dng ca phng php p
dng v cng t ra mt gii php phn tch h tr cho nhng b d liu nghip
v khc. Lun vn xut mt m hnh tng th p dng cng ngh thng tin
cho qun l ngun nhn lc cho c quan hi quan vi nhng chc nng cn c
da trn quan im xy dng v qun l ngun nhn lc v kho st yu cu
hng ti ca vic khai thc d liu h s nhn s hin c. Hnh thnh chc
nng khai thc phn tch thng k v nhng kt qu h tr t cng ngh khai
ph d liu. V xut a ra ph thuc qu nhiu vo vic xy dng cc h
thng thng tin qun l ngun nhn lc, d liu h s l lch nhn s hin c
cn cha thng tin nn nghin cu ca Lun vn ch a ra nghin cu gii
php khai thc d liu mi minh chng tnh hiu qu phc v phn tch nh
- 82 -
gi mt s cng vic cn thit ca cng tc qun l ngun nhn lc. Mong mun
hng pht trin tip theo ca ti c pht trin xy dng chun ha kho d
liu qun l ngun nhn lc, hon thin nhng xut a ra nhm gii
quyt vn bc bi cha gii quyt c trong cng tc qun l ngun nhn
lc hin nay.
X W
- 83 -
[2]
[3]
http://www.uit.edu.vn/forum/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=22124
[4]
[5]
Ting Anh
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com
- 84 -
Tn trng
Key_emp
E_CODE
E_NAME_NAME
BIRTH_DATE_YEAR
BIRTH_PLACE_TINH
SEX
STA_CODE
Kiu d liu
Int(s)
varchar(ch)
varchar(ch)
datetime(ngy)
varchar(ch)
varchar(ch)
varchar(ch)
RECR_CODE_TINH
INST_CODE
POSITION_CLASS
ID_CARD
PER_ADDRESS_TINH
EDU_CODE
DATE_COMING_YEAR
RPOS_DATE_YEAR
varchar(ch)
numeric(s)
varchar(ch)
varchar(ch)
INV_TYPE
HEA_CON_CLASS
varchar(ch)
varchar(ch)
LEA_ALW_COEF
HOME_PLACE_TINH
numeric(s)
varchar(ch)
CODE_PARENT
CURR_WORK
OFFI_REC_YEAR
varchar(ch)
Varchar(s)
datetime(ngy)
ABILITY_OTHER_CLASS
varchar(ch)
DES_LIM_CODE2_CLASS
int(s)
EDU_NV
int(s)
Class_Edu
Int(s)
Class
Int(s)
numeric(s)
int(s)
int(s)
24
25
26
27
ngha
Kha chnh ca bng
M cn b
Tn cn b
Nm sinh
Ni sinh
Gii tnh
M ngch
Tn tnh tr s lm
vic
M n v cng tc
Lp chc v
S chng minh
Tn tnh ca ch
M o to
Nm vo ngnh
Nm vo ng
M tham chiu->nhm
mu
Phn lp sc khe
H s ph cp lnh
o
Tn tnh ca qu qun
M tham chiu->M
n v cp trn
Tn cng vic hin ti
Ngy vo ngnh
Phn lp chng ch
khc
Phn lp Chuyn
ngnh o to
C chng ch o to
nghip v
Phn lp:0 cha o
to qun l nh nc;
1 l i o to
Phn lp chc v lnh
o cp phng tr ln
- 85 -
Gi tr
Ngy bt u qu trnh cng tc ti n v cng tc
(MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc qu trnh cng tc ti n v cng tc
(MM/YYYY)
n v cng tc
n v cng tc trong khong thi gian T ngy - n
ngy (c th t g khi n v cng tc nm ngoi h
thng hoc chn t danh sch chn bng cch n F9 khi
n v cng tc nm trong h thng qun l)
Ngnh
T cp nht khi n v cng tc nm trong h thng
qun l hoc l Null khi n v nm ngoi h thng (c
th chn t danh sch chn bng cch n F9)
Chc v
M chc v thc t theo khi (c th chn t danh sch
chn bng cch n F9)
Cng vic
M t cc cng vic m nhim trong qu trnh cng
tc
Hnh thc tuyn Hnh thc tuyn dng vo c quan (c th chn t danh
dng
sch chn bng cch n F9)
S nghip
S nghip c chn theo n v cng tc ca cn b
(c th chn t danh sch chn bng cch n F9)
S quyt nh
Lu tr s quyt nh cng tc ca cn b
Qu trnh cng vic
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u cng vic (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc cng vic (MM/YYYY)
Cng
vic
m ng vic chuyn ngnh m nhim trong khong thi
nhim
gian T ngy - n ngy da theo Ngnh trong qu
trnh cng tc (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Qu trnh cng tc nc ngoi
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u i cng tc (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc chuyn cng tc (MM/YYYY)
Quc gia cng tc
Quc gia n cng tc (c th chn t danh sch chn
bng cch n F9)
Hnh thc cng tc
Hnh thc i nc ngoi (c th chn t danh sch
chn bng cch n F9)
L do
L do i cng tc (v d nh i hc, hi tho)
Loi h chiu
Chn t danh sch chn vi ba loi: PT-Ph thng,
CV-Cng v, NG-Ngoi giao
- 86 -
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
n v t chc
n v t chc chuyn i cng tc
Qu trnh tham gia ng
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
Ngy vo ng
Ngy vo ng (DD/MM/YYYY)
Ngy chnh thc vo Ngy chnh thc vo ng (DD/MM/YYYY)
ng
Ngy ra
Ngy ra khi ng hoc b khai tr (DD/MM/YYYY)
Ni vo ng
Ni kt np ng
S th ng
S th ng vin
Ngy cp th
Ngy cp th ng (DD/MM/YYYY)
Ti ng b
ng b cp th ng
Qu trnh chc v ng
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u chc v ng (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc chc v ng (MM/YYYY)
Chc v ng
Chc v ng (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
ng b
ng b ni sinh hot
Qu trnh lng
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u hng mc lng (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc hng mc lng (MM/YYYY). Thng
tin ny s t cp nht khi nhp qu trnh lng mi sao
cho cc qu trnh lng l lin tip
Ngch cng chc
Ngch cng chc (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9 hoc nhp trc tip)
Bc lng
Bc lng tng ng vi ngch cng chc (ch xc
nh khi Ngch cng chc c chn t danh sch
chn)
H s lng
H s lng tng ng vi Ngch cng chc v Bc
lng
Phn trm hng
Phn trm hng lng (mc nh l 100%). Gi tr ca
trng ny nh hn 100% khi tp s v ln hn 100%
khi vt khung
Ngy xt NL sau
Ngy xt nng lng ln sau (DD/MM/YYYY). Mc
nh bng ngy bt u hng mc lng
Qu trnh ph cp chc v
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u hng ph cp chc v (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc hng ph cp chc v (MM/YYYY)
Chc v
Chc v thc t theo khi (c th chn t danh sch
chn bng cch n F9)
H s
H s ph cp chc v
- 87 -
Qu trnh ph cp khc
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u hng ph cp (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc hng ph cp (MM/YYYY)
Loi ph cp
Loi ph cp c hng (c th chn t danh sch
chn bng cch n F9)
Cch tnh
Chn cch tnh t danh sch chn (theo 4 cch)
H s
H s hng ph cp
Thnh tin
S tin ph cp thc hng (t cp nht theo Cch tnh
chn hoc t nhp)
Chuyn mn - Nghip v, Tin hc - Ngoi ng
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u qu trnh o to (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc qu trnh o to (MM/YYYY)
Chuyn ngnh
Ngnh ngh o to (c th chn t danh sch chn
bng cch n F9 hoc t nhp)
Vn bng
Loi vn bng (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Hng
Hng vn bng (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Ngy S VB
Ngy cp bng v s ca vn bng c cp
Hnh thc
Hnh thc o to (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Ni o to
Ni o to (c th chn t danh sch chn bng cch
n F9)
Quc gia
Quc gia ni o to (c th chn t danh sch chn
bng cch n F9). Mc nh l Vit Nam
L lun chnh tr - Qun l nh nc - Qun l kinh t
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
T ngy
Ngy bt u qu trnh o to (MM/YYYY)
n ngy
Ngy kt thc qu trnh o to (MM/YYYY)
Vn bng
Loi vn bng (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Hng
Hng vn bng (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Ngy S VB
Ngy cp bng v s ca vn bng c cp
Hnh thc
Hnh thc o to (c th chn t danh sch chn bng
cch n F9)
Ni o to
Ni o to (c th chn t danh sch chn bng cch
n F9)
Quc gia
Quc gia ni o to (c th chn t danh sch chn
bng cch n F9). Mc nh l Vit Nam
Qu trnh danh hiu, hoc hm
Tn thng tin
Gi tr
- 88 -
T ngy