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Ec1269 - Microprocessors Applications
Ec1269 - Microprocessors Applications
Zener Breakdown
Avalanche breakdown
layers
depletion layers.
breakdown.
breakdown.
Cut-off voltage It is the gate source voltage where the channel completely cut
off and the drain current becomes zero.
8. Phase control
6. What is a Thermistor?
Thermistor is a combination of thermal and resistance.
A thermistor is a resistance with definite thermal characterisics.
Thermistors are widely used for temperature compensation. ie cancelling the
effect of temperature, liquid level, gas flow etc.
Thermistors are made in the shape of beads, probes, discs, washers etc.
10. Name the different types of Negative feedback. What are their
characteristics?
1. Negative current series feedback
2. Negative current shunt feedback
3. Negative voltage series feedback
5. Negative voltage shunt feedback
Characteristics
1. Higher fidelity
2. Higher stabilized gain
3. Increased bandwidth
4. Less amplitude distortion
4. Less harmonic distortion
5. Less frequency distortion
6. Less phase distortion
10. Reduced noise.
14. What is a Ripple factor? What is its value for a half wave and Full wave
rectifier?
The ratio of r.m.s value of a.c component to the d.c component in the rectifier
output is known as ripple factor.It decides the effectiveness of the rectifier.
Ripple factor =
; Idc = Im/
2
) 1 = 1.21
; Idc = 2Im/
2
) 1 = 0.48
29. Difference between memory mapped I/o and I/O mapped I/o?
Memory mapped I/O
1. In this device address is 16- bit. Thus 1. In this device address is 8-bit. Thus
Ao to A15 lines are used to generate
operations.
operations.
OUT.
less hardware.
31. Comparison between full address decoding and partial address decoding?
Full Address Decoding
4. No Multiple addresses.
36. How the 8085 processor differentiates a memory access and I/O access?
The memory access and I/O access is differentiated using IO/M
signal. The 8085 processor asserts IO/M low for memory operation and high for
I/O operations.
Generally I/O devices are slow devices. Therefore the speed of I/O
devices does not match with the speed of microprocessor. And so an interface is
provided between system bus and I/O devices.
4. No multiple addresses.
49. Write an assembly language program to transfer data from memory block
B1 to memory block B2?
MVI C,0AH; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2200H; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 2300H; Initialize destination memory pointer
Loop:
Digital systems
concepts
3. Very simple
computers,calculators etc.
Inputs
Outputs
Comments
CLK
Qo
Qo
1
?
0
?
No change
RESET
SET
Invalid
Outputs
Comments
CLK
Qo
Qo
Qo
Qo
No change
RESET
SET
Toggle
d)Photolithiography process
e)Isolation diffusion
f)Pre ohmic etch
g)Metallization
h)Circuit probing
i)Scribing and separation into chips
j)Mounting and packing
j)Encapsulation
ROM
90. How clock signals are generated in 8085 and what is the frequency of the
internal clock?
The 8085 has the clock generation circuit on the chip but an external
quartz crystal or LC circuit or RC circuit should be connected at the pins X1
andX2. The maximum internal clock frequency of 8085 is 3.03MHz.
95. Define Addressing modes? What are the types of Addressing modes?
It specify the ways in which data are processed.
1. Immediate Addressing modes
2. Register Addressing modes
3. Direct Addressing modes
4. Register Indirect Addressing modes
5. Implied Addressing modes.
2)Driver stage
3)Output stage.
Eg: Push-pull amplifier
100.
What is VMA?
-
101.
The proper flow of zero signal collector current and the maintenance of proper
collector-emitter voltage during the passage of signal is known as transistor biasing.
Essay Questions
1. Explain the different stages of a power amplifier? What are the
classifications of power amplifier?
It is used to amplify a weak signal until sufficient power is available to operate a
loud speaker or other output device. It has 3 stages.
1)voltage amplification stage
2)Driver stage
3)Output stage.
Eg: Push-pull amplifier
Classifications
Class A power amplifier
Class B power amplifier
Class C power amplifier
3. Give the construction details and explain the working of FET showing its
characteristics?
Circuit diagram
Theory of operation
Two types
1.JFET
2.MOSFET
Characteristics
1. Drain characteristics
2. Transfer characteristics
Circuit dgms
Input characteristics
Output characteristics.
5.Define feed back amplifier? What are the types of feed back amplifier?
1. Positive feed back
Negative feedback
Diagram
Operation
Gain expression
9.Draw the diagram of half wave and Full wave rectifiers and explain their
operation. Also compare them?
Circuit diagrams
Theory of operation
Calculate efficiency
10.Draw the circuit diagram of RC coupled amplifier with neat diagram of self
bias circuit and explain the operation. Comment on its low frequency and high
frequency performance?
Diagram
Operation
7. Draw the circuit diagrams of a 4-bit shift register using flip-flops and
explain?
They are
1. SISO
2. SIPO
3. PISO
4. PIPO
12.What are the drawbacks of Ripple counter? How they can be overcome by
synchronous counters?
Ripple counters are asynchronous counters. The problems are avoided by a
common clock pulse used in synchronous counters.
Sunchronous counters
Asynchronous counters.
Diagrams
Explanation
D/A converters
a)Direct Types
1. Flash type converter
2. Counter type converter
3. Tracking or servo converter
4. Successive approximation type converter
b)Integrating types
1. Charge balancing ADC
2. Dual slope ADC
Arithmetic instructions
Logical instructions
Branching instructions
Program
Output
Algorithm
Program
Output
25. Define Addressing modes? What are the types of Addressing modes?
Addressing modes specify the ways in which data are processed.
1. Immediate Addressing modes
2. Register Addressing modes
3. Direct Addressing modes
4. Register Indirect Addressing modes
5. Implied Addressing modes
FIFTH SEMESTER
Prepared by,
Sinciya. P.O
L/CSE
NICE