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2059/02

Paper 2
May/June 2004
1 hour 30 minutes
Additional Materials:

Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer any three questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3.

This document consists of 9 printed pages, 3 blank pages and an insert.

SPA (KN) S60232/2
UCLES 2004

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om
.c

PAKISTAN STUDIES

s
er

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

2
The Environment of Pakistan

(a) The sketch cross-section, Fig. 1, shows the main physical features, A to D, of a typical doab.
A Doab

Metres
above
river level
+16

+16
D

+12
River

+8

River

+4

+8

+12

+4

0
0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

kilometres
Fig. 1
For each of the following, give the name of the physical feature and describe its main physical
characteristics:
(i)

A,

[3]

(ii)

B,

[3]

(iii)

C,

[2]

(iv)

D.

[2]

(b) Compare the natural topographical and drainage features of the Upper Indus Plain with those
of the Lower Indus Plain.
[6]
(c) Barrages have resulted in changes in both the Upper and Lower Indus Plains.
(i)

Name an example of a barrage.

[1]

(ii)

Compare the height and length of a barrage with those of a major dam like Tarbela.

[2]

(iii)

What is the main purpose of a barrage and how is this purpose achieved?

[3]

(iv)

Briefly describe the changes that have taken place in the land use of the Lower Indus
Plain as a result of building barrages.
[3]

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3
2

(a) Study Fig. 2.

64E

72E
A

B
N

E
Morga

Mahmud
Kot
C
D
Key
International boundary
Provincial boundary
Rivers

Hab
0

km 200

Mountain range

Karachi

Plateau
Desert
Oilfields
Oil refinery

Arabian Sea

Fig. 2
On your answer paper,
(i)

state the number of degrees East of longitude A,

[1]

(ii)

name the mountain range B,

[1]

(iii)

name the plateau C,

[1]

(iv)

name the desert D,

[1]

(v)

name country E.

[1]

(b) Study Fig. 2.

(i)

Describe the distribution of oilfields.

[2]

(ii)

Describe and explain the distribution of oil refineries.

[4]

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4
(c) Study Fig. 3, which shows the amount spent by Pakistan on importing petroleum and
petroleum products from 1991 to 2002.
Cost of Imports of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
million rupees

million rupees

200 000

200 000

190 000

190 000

180 000

180 000

170 000

170 000

160 000

160 000

150 000

150 000

140 000

140 000

130 000

130 000

120 000

120 000

110 000

110 000

100 000

100 000

90 000

90 000

80 000

80 000

70 000

70 000

60 000

60 000

50 000

50 000

40 000

40 000

30 000

30 000

20 000

20 000

10 000

10 000

0
2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

Year ending in June

Fig. 3
Describe the trends in the cost of petroleum and petroleum products imports shown on
Fig. 3.
[3]
(d) (i)

Explain in detail why it is necessary for Pakistan to import so much petroleum (crude oil)
even though petroleum is produced in Pakistan.
[7]

(ii)

What problems are caused for Pakistan because so much is spent on importing
petroleum?
[4]

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3

(a) Study Photograph A (insert) which shows part of a fish farm at Faiz, south of Multan.
(i)

Describe the lay-out and features of the fish farm.

[4]

(ii)

How has the physical topography of the area made it easy to construct the ponds?

[3]

(iii)

Where has the material come from that has been used to make the banks of the ponds?
[1]

(b) Why is fish farming of growing importance in Pakistan? Credit will be given if you name a
species of fresh water fish reared on fish farms.
[4]
(c) Study Photographs B and C (insert) which show parts of one of the many buffalo farms in the
area of Karachi called Buffalo (Cattle Colony).
(i)

How can you tell from Photograph B that this is a dairy farm?

(ii)

Describe the shelter shown on Photograph C, also marked X on Photograph B, and

suggest why such shelters are needed for the buffalo.
[4]

(iii)

Why is a large supply of water necessary for this farm?

(iv)

No fodder crops are grown on this farm. How are farms like this supplied with food for the
buffalo?
[2]

(d) Explain the importance of the buffalo farms of Buffalo to Karachi.

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[1]

[2]

[4]

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6
4

(a) The sketch map, Fig. 4, gives some information about the Warsak Dam.
Warsak Dam
Mohmand Tribal Area
s t e e p mo u n
nnel

Irr
n
ti o
ig a el
n

tun

Hydel
Power
Station

road to
workers
settlement
and
Peshawar

River in gorge

id e

fe

ns

Sa

Intake
pipes

tai

Da

un

road

Bridge

id e

st e e p

ion tu
Irrigat

Ko
h

tain s

Reservoir

Ra
ng
e

Khyber Tribal Area

(Not to scale)
Fig. 4
(i)

Name the river across which the Warsak dam was built.

[1]

(ii)

Using Fig. 4 and your own knowledge, explain why this is a good site for a dam.

[5]

(iii)

Using Fig. 4 and your own knowledge, explain why it was so expensive to build the dam
and power station and to provide irrigation water.
[3]

(iv)

Name the farming area served by irrigation water from the Warsak reservoir.

(v)

How is electricity produced in power stations such as Warsak and how is it transmitted to
cities like Peshawar?
[5]

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7
(b) Read the following extract from Dawn Economic and Business Review, 1st April 2002.
The reasons for the high cost of production which damage industry are many.
They include the high cost of power, frequent break downs at the power
stations and the unsteady supply of electricity from them.
(i)

Give three reasons for the high cost of power from thermal power stations in Pakistan.
[3]

(ii)

Suggest one reason why power stations frequently break down.

(iii)

Other than the frequent break downs at the power stations, why is the supply of power
unsteady?
[2]

(iv)

How may factories try to overcome the problem of unreliable electricity supply from the
national grid? Why is it important for them to do so?
[4]

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8
5

(a) Study Fig. 5.

Proportion of workforce in each sector of industry

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 shows the proportions of the labour force of Pakistan working in the primary, secondary
and tertiary sectors of industry. Which of these three sectors is labelled
(i)

Y,

[1]

(ii)

Z?

[1]

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(b) Study Fig. 6.
Proportion of workforce in Pakistans main categories of employment

Key
6

1 Agriculture
2 Finance and
Social Services

3 Wholesale and
Retail Trade

4
1

4 Manufacturing
including Mining
and Quarrying
5 Construction
6 Transport

7 Others

Fig. 6
(i)

Which of these categories of employment has all its workforce in the primary sector of
industry?
[1]

(ii)

How many of the categories of employment given are in the tertiary sector of industry?
[1]

(c) (i)

Give four reasons why so many people work in agriculture.

[4]

(ii)

Why has the percentage of the labour force working in agriculture declined steadily in
recent years?
[6]

(iii)

Why has the percentage of the workforce working in tertiary industries increased steadily
in recent years?
[6]

(d) Attempts are being made to improve the standard of literacy in Pakistan. Explain why this is
vital for the development of all three sectors of industry.
[5]

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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2.
Question 4.
Photographs.

Oxford University Press (Pakistan).

Dawn Economic and Business Review.
Mr. R. Strutt.

The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate has made every effort to trace copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any we will
be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.

2059/02/M/J04