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High Speed Uplink Packet Access: Enabling Responsive Multimedia
High Speed Uplink Packet Access: Enabling Responsive Multimedia
Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................... 3
Abstract ........................................................................................... 3
HSUPA Responsive Multimedia: Enhancing the
Symmetry of High Speed Mobile Communications .................... 4
HSUPA The Principles................................................................... 5
HSUPA at a Glance .......................................................................... 6
HSUPA and Higher-Order Modulation Schemes ............................ 6
HSUPA Node B Based Scheduling .................................................. 7
HSUPA Soft Handover .................................................................... 9
Implications for Mobile Devices .................................................... 10
Considerations for Network Efciency .......................................... 10
Network Considerations for HSUPA Responsive Multimedia .... 10
HSUPA Capacity Improvements Macro-cell ............................... 11
HSUPA Capacity Hotspot Scenario ............................................. 11
Comparison of Typical Data Rates for Hot-Spot Scenario ............. 11
Summary ....................................................................................... 12
Glossary ......................................................................................... 12
Introduction
This white-paper outlines the main principles
and benets of High Speed Uplink Packet
Access and the implications for both
end-users and service providers.
Abstract
Release 6 of 3GPP Standards introduces High Speed
Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or Responsive
Multimedia.
This signicant step in the development of mobile
telecommunications may not be as immediately
noticeable to the end-user as High Speed Downlink
Packet Access (HSDPA) was. However, it nonetheless provides signicant benets that become
evident when running some key applications. For
end-users it means signicantly faster uplink
data rates while the Service Provider gains from
improved air interface efciency.
All enhancements that improve the all important
end-user experience should lead to increased
customer satisfaction and thus opportunities for
increasing Average Revenue Per User (ARPU).
HSxPA (the combination of HSDPA and HSUPA)
will facilitate new service delivery capabilities, such
as voice over IP (VoIP), massive multiplayer online
role-playing gaming (MMORPG, where HSUPA and
1. Source: www.gsacom.com
2. Assumes availability/use of a device/handset capable of receiving such transmissions
3. Usual caveats regarding likely end-user data rates apply
Dedicated
Shared
Dedicated
Variable
Fixed (SF=16)
Variable
No
Yes
Yes
80/4020/10
10/2
Yes
No
Yes
Possible
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Scheduling Algorithms
RNC
Node B
Node B
Power Control
Yes
Yes
Yes
Channel Type
Spreading Factor
Physical (Layer 1) HARQ
Transmission Time Interval (ms)
Soft Handover
Multi-code Transmission
Adaptive Modulation
HSUPA
delivers a
theoretical
peak data
rate to
5.76Mbps
HSUPA at a Glance
As the text unfolds we will discover some of
principles of HSUPA and how its realization differs
from R99 UMTS and HSDPA; the Table above
summarizes these characteristics.
HSUPA and Higher-Order Modulation Schemes
To increase downlink throughput without increasing
bandwidth, higher-order modulation schemes have
been implemented; for instance HSDPA employs
16QAM in order to achieve data rates of up to its
theoretical maximum.
A characteristic, and drawback, of these modulation
schemes is a non-constant amplitude envelope,
giving a higher peak to average ratio, and increased
number of possible modulation symbols, making
them more susceptible to noise and interference.
Higher peak-to-average signal ratios mean that the
mobile device output stage must operate over a
wider dynamic range; these designs are inherently
less efcient. To overcome these issues HSUPA
uses BPSK or QPSK modulation (used in HSDPA up
to 3.6Mbps), which exhibit lower peak to average
signal ratios than 16QAM.
The mobile devices transmit capabilities are ultimately
governed by their efciency and limited battery
capacity. The use of BPSK/QPSK with its lower peakto-average signal ratio permits more efcient output
stage design that in turn reduces demands on the
mobile device. However in order to reach the highest
data rates multi-code transmission is required which
can degrade peak to average ratio. The resulting
trade off between efciency and the End-user
experience is a theoretical 5.76Mbps peak data rate.
HSUPA
Introduces
a New
Transport
Channel
HSUPA Device
Category
Minimum Spreading
Factor
Maximum Data
Rate (Mbps)
SF4
0.7296
SF4
1.4592
SF4
1.4592
SF2
2/2.9185
SF2
SF2
2/5.76
Table 2 - Categories of mobile device with HSUPA capability have been dened in a manner similar to that for HSDPA
HSUPA
improves
the
end-user
experience
meaning
that they
may now
become a
content
provider
10
HSUPA Capacity
Improvements Macro-cell
In macro environments average
HSUPA sector throughputs in
the order of 1Mbps and enduser throughputs in the range of
50 to 200kbps may be achieved,
dependent on cell load.
HSUPA Capacity
Hotspot Scenario
In HSUPA phase 2, the lower TTI
(2ms) improves up-fade scheduling
and HARQ efciency; as a result
the higher peak data rates improve
the sector and end-user throughput signicantly.
Average sector throughput is
increased to over 2Mbps while
average end-user throughput is
likely to be in the range of 50 to
300kbps dependent on cell load.
Individual mobiles in good channel
conditions may experience data
rates signicantly higher than
this average.
11
Summary
The introduction of HSUPA in Release 6 of the 3GPP
standards allows end-users to take advantage of
faster uplinks with lower latency. This improves the
efciency of the link and its effective throughput
without introducing a new modulation scheme. In
doing so, this allows the introduction of new services
and applications while improving existing ones.
Equally important, it simplies network planning and
reduces the cost per-bit delivered, increasing Service
Providers cost competitiveness.
It is important however to set realistic expectations
at the outset. Although HSUPA offers theoretical
peak data rates of 5.76Mbps, the average throughputs per cell are likely to be in the order of 1 to 2Mbps
dependent on application mix and deployment scenario
(macro- versus pico-cells etc).
Glossary
16QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
ms milli-second
R5 UMTS Release 5
R6 UMTS Release 6
R7 UMTS Release 6
SF Spreading Factor
SI Scheduling Information
IP Internet Protocol
UE User Equipment
L1 Layer 1
Motorola, Inc.
www.motorola.com
Th
is made regarding the capacity, performance or suitability of any product.
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Ofce. Canopy is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
Motorola, Inc. 2007
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