CHAPTER 28

HEAT TRANSFER

2.

10 cm

10

1 cm

g.

3.

t1 = 90C,
t2 = 10C
3
l = 1 cm = 1 10 m
2
2
2
A = 10 cm 10 cm = 0.1 0.1 m = 1 10 m
K = 0.80 w/m-C
KA (1 2 )
Q
8 10 1 1 10 2 80
=
=
= 64 J/s = 64 60 3840 J.
t
l
1 10 2
2
t = 1 cm = 0.01 m,
A = 0.8 m
1 = 300,
2 = 80
K = 0.025,
KA(1 2 )
Q
0.025 0.8 (30030 )
=
=
= 440 watt.
t
l
0.01
2
K = 0.04 J/m-5C,
A = 1.6 m
t1 = 97F = 36.1C
t2 = 47F = 8.33C
l = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m

in

1.

Ba

le

ge

4.

KA (1 2 )
Q
4 10 2 1.6 27.78
=
=
= 356 J/s
t
l
5 10 3
A = 25 cm2 = 25 104 m2
3
l = 1 mm = 10 m
K = 50 w/m-C
Q
= Rate of conversion of water into steam
t
10 1 2.26 10 6
100 10 3 2.26 10 6
4
=
= 0.376 10
=
1 min
60

50 25 10

10 5 0.376
= 30.1 30
50 25

K = 46 w/m-sC
l=1m
A = 0.04 cm2 = 4 106 m2
5
Lfussion ice = 3.36 10 j/Kg

5.

10 3 0.376 10 4

yC

ol

KA (1 2 )
Q
50 25 10 4 ( 100 )
4
=
0.376 10 =
t
l
10 3

6.

7.

Q
46 4 10 6 100
8
5
=
= 5.4 10 kg 5.4 10 g.
t
1
A = 2400 cm2 = 2400 104 m2
3
= 2 mm = 2 10 m
K = 0.06 w/m-C
1 = 20C
2 = 0C

0C

KA(1 2 )
Q
0.06 2400 10 4 20
1
=
=
= 24 6 10 10 = 24 6 = 144 J/sec
3
t

2 10
144
144 3600
m
Q
Rate in which ice melts =
=
=
Kg/h =
Kg/s = 1.52 kg/s.
t
t L
3.4 10 5
3.4 10 5
= 1 mm = 103 m
m = 10 kg
2
2
2
A = 200 cm = 2 10 m
6
Lvap = 2.27 10 J/kg
K = 0.80 J/m-s-C
28.1

100C

Heat Transfer
6

dQ = 2.27 10 10,

dQ
2.27 10 7
2
=
= 2.27 10 J/s
dt
10 5
Again we know

dQ
0.80 2 10 2 ( 42 T )
=
dt
1 10 3
So,

= 2.27 10

10
16 42 16T = 227 T = 27.8 28C
K = 45 w/m-C
2
= 60 cm = 60 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
Rate of heat flow,
=

9.

KA (1 2 )
45 0.2 10 4 20
3
=
= 30 10 0.03 w

60 10 2
2

A = 10 cm ,

Q2 = 20

Q1 = 40

in

8.

8 2 10 3 ( 42 T )

h = 10 cm

yC

ol

le

ge

Ba

g.

KA(1 2 )
Q
200 10 3 30
=
=
= 6000
t

1 10 3
Since heat goes out from both surfaces. Hence net heat coming out.
Q
Q

=
= 6000 2 = 12000,
= MS
t
t
t

3
1
6000 2 = 10 10 1000 4200
t

72000

=
= 28.57
t
420
So, in 1 Sec. 28.57C is dropped
1
Hence for drop of 1C
sec. = 0.035 sec. is required
28.57
2
10. = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 0.2 cm = 0.2 10 m
1 = 80C,
2 = 20C,
K = 385
KA(1 2 )
Q
385 0.2 10 4 (80 20)
4
3
=
=
= 385 6 10 10 = 2310 10 = 2.31
(a)
t

20 10 2
(b) Let the temp of the 11 cm point be

Q
=
20C
l
tKA

2.31
11 cm

=
l
385 0.2 10 4
20
2.31

=
2
11 10
385 0.2 10 4

2.31 10 4
11 10 2 = 33
385 0.2
= 33 + 20 = 53
11. Let the point to be touched be B
No heat will flow when, the temp at that point is also 25C
i.e. QAB = QBC
C
KA(100 25)
KA(25 0)
So,
=
100 x
x
75 x = 2500 25 x 100 x = 2500 x = 25 cm from the end with 0C

80C

20 =

28.2

100 cm
B
x

A
100x

Heat Transfer
12. V = 216 cm
a = 6 cm,

3
2

Surface area = 6 a = 6 36 m
Q
= 100 W,
t

t = 0.1 cm

KA(1 2 )
Q
=
t

0.1 10 2
100

= 0.9259 W/mC 0.92 W/mC

6 36 5 10 1
13. Given 1 = 1C,
2 = 0C
3
K = 0.50 w/m-C,
d = 2 mm = 2 10 m
2
2
v = 10 cm/s = 0.1 m/s
A = 5 10 m ,
Power = Force Velocity = Mg v
KA(1 2 )
dQ
=
Again Power =
dt
d
KA(1 2 )
So, Mgv =
d

KA(1 2 )
5 10 1 5 2 1
=
= 12.5 kg.
dvg
2 10 3 10 1 10
14. K = 1.7 W/m-C
w = 1000 Kg/m3
5
2
Lice = 3.36 10 J/kg
T = 10 cm = 10 10 m
KA(1 2 )
KA(1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
Q

10 cm
=

=
=
(a)
t

t
Q
mL
KA (1 2 )
1.7 [0 ( 10)]
=
=
At w L
10 10 2 1000 3.36 10 5

Ba

M=

in

K=

K 6 36 10 4 5

g.

100 =

ge

0C

le

0C

17
7
7
10 7 = 5.059 10 5 10 m/sec
3.36
(b) let us assume that x length of ice has become formed to form a small strip of ice of length dx, dt time
is required.
dQ
KA ( )
dmL
KA ( )
Adx L
KA ( )
=

=
dt
x
dt
x
dt
x
xdxL
dx L
K ( )

=
dt =
x
dt
x
K ( )

yC

ol

dt =

L t
xdx
K( ) 0

Putting values

t=

L x 2
L l 2
=
K( ) 2
K 2

dx

3.36 10 6
1000 3.36 10 5 10 10 2
3.36
=
10 6 sec. =
hrs = 27.45 hrs 27.5 hrs.
1.7 10 2
2 17 3600
2 17
15. let B be the maximum level upto which ice is formed. Hence the heat conducted at that point from both
the levels is the same.
A
Let AB = x
10C
K ice A 10
K water A 4
Q
Q
x
i.e.
ice =
water

=
1 cm
x
(1 x )
t
t
t=

1.7 10
17
2
5 10 1 4
=

=
x
1 x
x
1 x
17
17 17 x = 2x 19 x = 17 x =
= 0.894 89 cm
19

28.3

1x
C

4C

Heat Transfer
16. KAB = 50 j/m-s-c
A = 40C
B = 80C
KBC = 200 j/m-s-c
KAC = 400 j/m-s-c
C = 80C
2
Length = 20 cm = 20 10 m
2
4
2
A = 1 cm = 1 10 m
(a)

Q AB
K A ( B A )
50 1 10 4 40
= AB
=
= 1 W.
t
l
20 10 2

(b)

Q AC
K A(C A )
400 1 10 4 40
2
= AC
=
= 800 10 = 8
t
l
20 10 2

QBC
K A ( B C )
200 1 10 4 0
= BC
=
=0
t
l
20 10 2
KA(1 2 )
17. We know Q =
d
KA (1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
Q1 =
,
Q2 =
d1
d2

in

(c)

yC

ol

le

ge

Ba

g.

KA (1 1 )
Q1
2r
2
r
=
=
=
[d1 = r,
d2 = 2r]
KA (1 1 )
Q2
r

2r
18. The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQ A
d
=
= KA
dt
dt
The rate of heat flow per sec.
dQB
d
= KA B
=
dt
dt
This part of heat is absorbed by the red.
Q
ms
d
=
where
= Rate of net temp. variation
t
dt
dt
d
d
msd
d
d
d

= KA A KA B
ms
= KA A B
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
d
4
= 200 1 10 (5 2.5) C/cm
dt
d
-4
= 200 10 2.5
0 .4
dt

0 .4

d
200 2.5 10 4
2
=
C/m = 1250 10 = 12.5 C/m
dt
0.4 10 2
19. Given
T2 - T1 = 90C
Krubber = 0.15 J/m-s-C
We know for radial conduction in a Cylinder
2Kl(T2 T1 )
Q
=
ln(R 2 / R1 )
t

=
20.

2 3.14 15 10 2 50 10 1 90
= 232.5 233 j/s.
ln(1.2 / 1)

dQ
= Rate of flow of heat
dt
Let us consider a strip at a distance r from the center of thickness dr.
dQ
K 2rd d
=
[d = Temperature diff across the thickness dr]
dt
dr
28.4

120C

50 cm

Heat Transfer
C=

K 2rd d
dr

c dr

dr
r

dr
= K2d d
r
Integrating
C

r2

r1

dr
= K2d
r

r1

r2

Clog r r2 = K2d (2 1)
r

r
C(log r2 log r1) = K2d (2 1) C log 2 = K2d (2 1)
r1
C=

K 2d( 2 1 )
log(r2 / r1 )

21. T1 > T2
2
2
A = (R2 R1 )
2

KA (T2 T1 )
KA (R 2 R1 )(T2 T1 )
=
l
l
Considering a concentric cylindrical shell of radius r and thickness
dr. The radial heat flow through the shell
dQ
d
= KA
[(-)ve because as r increases
H=
dt
dt
decreases]
d
A = 2rl
H = 2rl K
dt

in

So, Q =

T2

R1

g.

R2

T1

or

R1

2LK
dr
=
H
r

T2

T1

le

R2

ge

Ba

ol

Integrating and simplifying we get

2KL(T2 T1 )
2KL( T2 T1 )
dQ
=
=

H=
dt
Loge(R 2 / R1 )
ln(R 2 / R1 )

yC

22. Here the thermal conductivities are in series,

K 1A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )

KA (1 2 )
l1
l2

=
K 1A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )
l1 l2

l1
l2

L1

K1 K 2

l
l2
1
K1 K 2

l1
l2

L2

K
l1 l 2

K 1K 2
(K 1K 2 )(l1 l2 )
K
=
K=
K 1l 2 K 2l1
l1 l2
K 1l2 K 2l1

23. KCu = 390 w/m-C

KSt = 46 w/m-C
Now, Since they are in series connection,
So, the heat passed through the crossections in the same.
So, Q1 = Q2
K A ( 0)
K A (100 )
Or Cu
= St
l
l
390( 0) = 46 100 46 436 = 4600
4600
=
= 10.55 10.6C
436
28.5

0C

Cu

Steel
C

100C

Heat Transfer
24. As the Aluminum rod and Copper rod joined are in parallel

Q
Q
Q
=
t
t
1 Al t Cu

40C
80C

Cu

Al

80C

KA(1 2 )
K A(1 2 ) K 2 A(1 2 )
= 1

l
l
l
K = K1 + K2 = (390 + 200) = 590

KA (1 2 )
590 1 10 4 (60 20)
Q
4
=
=
= 590 10 40 = 2.36 Watt
t
l
1
25. KAl = 200 w/m-C
KCu = 400 w/m-C
2
5
2
A = 0.2 cm = 2 10 m
1
l = 20 cm = 2 10 m
Heat drawn per second
K Al A(80 40) K Cu A(80 40)
2 10 5 40
=
[200 400] = 2.4 J

l
l
2 10 1
Heat drawn per min = 2.4 60 = 144 J
26. (Q/t)AB = (Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE
KA (1 2 )
KA (1 2 )
(Q/t)BE bent =
(Q/t)BE =
70
60
(Q / t )BE bent
60
6
=
=
D
(Q / t )BE
70
7

Ba

g.

in

= QAl + QCu =

0C
F

(Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE = 130

(Q/t)BE bent + (Q/t)BE 7/6 = 130

(Q/t)BE bent =

le

Q
780 A 100
bent =
t
70
Q
390 A 100
str =
t
60
(Q / t ) bent
780 A 100
60
12

=
=
(Q / t ) str
70
390 A 100
7

yC

28. (a)

60 cm

20 cm

130 6
= 60
13

ol

27.

20 cm

A
100C

ge

1 (Q/t)BE bent = 130

6

KA(1 2 )
Q
1 2 1( 40 32)
=
=
= 8000 J/sec.
t

2 10 3

60 cm
5 cm
20 cm

5 cm
20 cm

1 mm

(b) Resistance of glass =

ak g ak g
Resistance of air =
Net resistance =

ak a

ak g ak g ak a
=

2
1
2k a k g
=

a kg ka
a K gk a

1 10 3 2 0.025 1

2
0.025

1 10 3 1.05
0.05
8 0.05
=
= 380.9 381 W
1 10 3 1.05
=

2
Q
= 1
t
R

28.6

Heat Transfer

a
1
=

200
For (b)

100C

70C
A

C
B

Al

1
4 1

=
a 400
a 80

ge

l
l
l

R CuR Al
R CuR Al
AK Al AK Cu AK Al
R = R1 + R2 = R1 +
= RAl +
=
l
l
R Cu R Al
R Cu R Al

A Cu A Al

R2

le

Al

yC

ol

Al

Al
0C

a
a
a
(K Al K Cu K Al ) = 2 200 400 = 800
l
l
l
l
1
R=
a 800
2
Q
100 800 a

= 1
=
t
R
l
100 800
=
= 400 W
200
31. Let the temp. at B be T
Q
QA
Q
KA(T1 T )
KA(T T3 ) KA(T T2 )

= B C

=
t
t
t
l
l (l / 2)
l (l / 2)

T T3 T T2
T1 T
=

l
3l / 2
3l / 2

7T = 3T1 2(T2 + T3)

3T1 3T = 4T 2(T2 + T3)

3T1 2(T2 T3 )
T=
7
28.7

R 100C

Cu

R1

l
l
l
l
4
l 1
1

=
A 200 200 400 A 600
AK Al A K Al K Cu

2
Q
100 600 A
100 600
1
100

= 1
=
=
=
= 75
l / A 4 / 600
t
R
4
l
4
200
For (c)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=

l
l
l
R
R1 R 2 R 3
aK Al
aK Cu aK Al
=

100C

Ba

0C

Cu

Al

0C

g.

100
Q
a
=
40 = 80 100
/ a 1 / 80
t

100C

in

29. Now; Q/t remains same in both cases

K A (100 70)
K A (70 0)
= B
In Case : A

30 KA = 70 KB
K A (100 )
K A ( 0)
In Case : B
= A

100KB KB = KA
70
KB
100KB KB =
30
300
7
=
= 30C
100 =
10
3
30. 1 2 = 100
2
Q
0C
= 1
t
R

2
1

R = R1 + R2 +R3 =
=
=
a 200 400
aK Al aK Cu aK Al

Cu

100C

Al
T2

T3

F
QB

QC
B

D
QA
T1

T2

T3

F
QB

QC
C

D
QA
T1

Heat Transfer

d =

QL
r2 r1 k

r2

r1

r1

g.
ge

(r2 r1) r2

dy
y
r

ol

1 2
QL
(2 1) =

r2 r1 K y r

le

Integrating both side

yC

1 1
QL

(2 1) =
r2 r1 K r1 r2

Kr1r2 ( 2 1 )

L
d
60
=
= 0.1C/sec
dt
10 60
dQ
KA
1 2
=
dt
d
KA 0.1 KA 0.2
KA 60

.......
=
d
d
d
KA
KA 600
=
(0.1 0.2 ........ 60) =

(2 0.1 599 0.1)

d
d
2
[ a + 2a +.+ na = n/2{2a + (n 1)a}]

Q=
34.

r r
QL
2 1
r2 r1 K r1 r2

(2 1) =

200 1 10 4

300 (0.2 59.9) =

20 10 2
= 3 10 60.1 = 1803 w 1800 w

200 10 2 300 60.1

20

28.8

Ba

QLdy
(r2 r1 )Ky 2

dx

Ky 2 d
Q
dx
2
=

= ky d
T
dx
T
Ldy
2
= Ky d
from(1)

r2r1
Now

in

32. The temp at the both ends of bar F is same

Rate of Heat flow to right = Rate of heat flow through left
(Q/t)A + (Q/t)C = (Q/t)B + (Q/t)D
K (T T )A K C (T1 T )A
K (T T2 )A K D (T T2 )A

A 1
= B

l
l
l
l
2K0(T1 T) = 2 2K0(T T2)
T1 T = 2T 2T2
T 2T2
T= 1
3
y r1
r2 r1
33. Tan =
=
L
x
xr2 xr1 = yL r1L
Differentiating wr to x
Ldy
0
r 2 r1 =
dx
r r
dyL
dy

= 2 1 dx =
(1)
r2 r1
dx
L

Heat Transfer
35. a = r1 = 5 cm = 0.05 m
b = r2 = 20 cm = 0.2 m
2 = T2 = 10C
1 = T1 = 50C
Now, considering a small strip of thickness dr at a distance r.
2
A = 4 r
d
2
H = 4 r K
[()ve because with increase of r, decreases]
dr
b dr
4K 2
=
On integration,
=
d
2
a r
H 1
4ab(1 2 )
dQ
H=
= K
dt
(b a)
Putting the values we get

20
cm

K 4 3.14 5 20 40 10 3
15 10 2
15

K=

dr

= 100

(T1 T2 ) / 2
2KAt
=
(T1 T2 )
Lms

ln (1/2) =

ol

Ln

2KA(T1 T2 )
2KA(T1 T2 )
dT
=
=

Lms
dt
Lms

le

= T1 T2

ge

Ba

g.

in

= 2.985 3 w/m-C
4 3.14 4 10 1
KA (T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
Q
36.
=
Rise in Temp. in T2
t
L
Lms
KA (T1 T2 )
KA(T1 T2 )
Fall in Temp in T1 =
Final Temp. T1 T1
Lms
Lms
KA (T1 T2 )
Final Temp. T2 = T2
Lms
KA(T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
T
Final
= T1
T2
dt
Lms
Lms

yC

KA(T1 T2 )
Q
=
t
L

Fall in Temp in T1

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm 2 s 2

( T1 T2 )

Final Temp. T2 = T2

( T1 T2 )

2KAt
Lms

Rise in Temp. in T2
Final Temp. T1 = T1

37.

2KA
dt
=
dt
(T1 T2 )
Lms

ln2 =

2KAt
Lms

t = ln2

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1
KA(T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

KA (T1 T2 )
Lm1s1

KA(T1 T2 ) KA (T1 T2 )
KA(T1 T2 )
KA (T1 T2 )
T
T2
= T1
= T1 T2

dt
Lm1s1
Lm 2 s 2
Lm 2 s 2
Lm1s1

KA T1 T2 1
1
dT

dt
L
m1s1 m 2 s 2

lnt =

KA m 2 s 2 m1s1
dT

dt
=
T1 T2
L m1s1m 2 s 2

KA m2 s 2 m1s1

t C
L m1s1m2 s 2

At time t = 0, T = T0,
ln

5 cm

T = T0

T
T
KA m 2 s 2 m1s1

t
=
= e
T0
T0
L m1s1m 2 s 2

T = T0 e

KA m1s1 m2s2

t
L m1s1m2s2

= T2 T1 e

C = lnT0
KA m1s1 m2s2

L m1s1m2s2

KA m1s1 m2s2

t
L m1s1m2s2

28.9

Lms
2KA

Heat Transfer
38.

KA(Ts T0 )
nCP dT KA(Ts T0 )
Q
=

=
t
x
dt
x
KA(Ts T0 )
n(5 / 2)RdT
dT
2LA

=
(TS T0 )
dt
x
dt
5nRx
dT
2KAdt
2KAdt

=
ln(TS T0 )TT0 =
(TS T0 )
5nRx
5nRx

2KAt

ln

TS T
2KAdt
=
TS T = (TS T0 )e 5nRx
TS T0
5nRx

T = TS ( TS T0 )e

2KAt
5nRx

= TS (TS T0 )e

T = T T0 = (TS T0 ) (TS T0 )e

2KAt
5nRx

2KAt
5nRx

2KAt

= (TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx

2KAt

Pa AL
P AL
= (TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx
[padv = nRdt
PaAl = nRdt
dT = a
]

nR
nR

2KAt

nR
L=
(TS T0 ) 1 e 5nRx

Pa A

2
8
2
4
T = 37C = 310 K,
= 6.0 10 w/m -K
39. A = 1.6 m ,
Energy radiated per second
4
8
4
4
= AT = 1.6 6 10 (310) = 8865801 10 = 886.58 887 J
2
4
2
T = 20C = 293 K
40. A = 12 cm = 12 10 m
e = 0.8
= 6 108 w/m2-k4
Q
4
4
8
4
12
13
= Ae T = 12 10 0.8 6 10 (293) = 4.245 10 10 = 0.4245 0.42
t
41. E Energy radiated per unit area per unit time
Rate of heat flow Energy radiated
(a) Per time = E A

So, EAl =

eT 4 A
4

ol

le

ge

Ba

g.

in

4r 2

1:4

1
4

yC

4(2r )
eT A
(b) Emissivity of both are same
m1S1dT1
=1
=
m 2S 2 dT2

s 4r 3 S 2
dT1
m S
1 900
= 2 2 = 1 13
=
=1:2:9
dT2
m1S1
3
.
4 8 390
s 2 4r2 S1

Q
4
= Ae T
t
100

4
4
T =
T =
teA
0.8 2 3.14 4 10 5 1 6 10 8
T = 1697.0 1700 K
2
4
2
T = 57C = 330 K
43. (a) A = 20 cm = 20 10 m ,
4
4
8
4
4
E = A T = 20 10 6 10 (330) 10 = 1.42 J
E
4
4
2
4
2
(b)
= Ae(T1 T2 ),
A = 20 cm = 20 10 m
t
8
= 6 10
T1 = 473 K,
T2 = 330 K
4
8
4
4
= 20 10 6 10 1[(473) (330) ]
10
10
= 20 6 [5.005 10 1.185 10 ]
2
from the ball.
= 20 6 3.82 10 = 4.58 w
42.

28.10

Heat Transfer
3

g.

eA T1 T2
d
=
dt
ms

Ba

in

44. r = 1 cm = 1 10 m
A = 4(102)2 = 4 104 m2
8
E = 0.3,
= 6 10
E
4
4
= Ae(T1 T2 )
t
8
4
4
4
= 0.3 6 10 4 10 [(100) (300) ]
12
12
= 0.3 6 4 10 [1 0.0081] 10
4
= 0.3 6 4 3.14 9919 10
5
= 4 18 3.14 9919 10 = 22.4 22 W
45. Since the Cube can be assumed as black body
e=
= 6 108 w/m2-k4
4
2
A = 6 25 10 m
m = 1 kg
s = 400 J/kg-K
T1 = 227C = 500 K
T2 = 27C = 300 K
d
4
4
ms
= eA(T1 T2 )
dt

1 6 10 8 6 25 10 4 [(500 ) 4 (300) 4 ]
1 400
36 25 544
4
=
10 4 = 1224 10 = 0.1224C/s 0.12C/s.
400
4
4
46. Q = eA(T2 T1 )
For any body, 210 = eA[(500)4 (300)4]
For black body, 700 = 1 A[(500)4 (300)4]
210
e
Dividing
=
e = 0.3
700
1
2
2
AB = 80 cm
47. AA = 20 cm ,
(mS)A = 42 J/C,
(mS)B = 82 J/C,
TA = 100C,
TB = 20C
KB is low thus it is a poor conducter and KA is high.
Thus A will absorb no heat and conduct all

ge

yC

ol

le

E
4
4
= AA [(373) (293) ]
t
A

d
mS A =
dt A

B
A

AA [(373) (293) ]

A a (373 ) 4 (293 ) 4
6 10 8 (373 ) 4 (293 ) 4
d
=
= 0.03 C/S
=
(mS ) A
42
dt A

d
Similarly = 0.043 C/S
dt B
48.

Q
4
4
= eAe(T2 T1 )
t
Q
8
4
4
8
8
8
= 1 6 10 [(300) (290) ]
= 6 10 (81 10 70.7 10 ) = 6 10.3

At
KA (1 2 )
Q
=
t
l
K(1 2 )
Q
K 17
K 17
6 10.3 0.5

=
=
= 6 10.3 =
K=
= 1.8
tA
l
0 .5
0 .5
17
28.11

Heat Transfer
8

49. = 6 10 w/m -k
L = 20 cm = 0.2 m,
K=?
KA(1 2 )
4
4
= A(T1 T2 )
E=
d
s(T1 T2 ) d
6 10 8 (750 4 300 4 ) 2 10 1
K=
=
1 2
50

300 K

750 K

800 K
20 cm

K = 73.993 74.
50. v = 100 cc
= 5C
t = 5 min
For water
mS
KA
=

dt
l

100 10 3 1000 4200

KA
=
5
l
For Kerosene
ms
KA
=
at
l

g.

KA
100 10 3 800 2100
=
t
l

Ba

in

100 10 3 800 2100

100 10 3 1000 4200
=
t
5
5 800 2100
T=
= 2 min
1000 4200
51. 50C
45C
40C
Let the surrounding temperature be TC
50 45
= 47.5
Avg. t =
2
Avg. temp. diff. from surrounding
T = 47.5 T
50 45
= 1 C/mm
Rate of fall of temp =
5
From Newtons Law
1C/mm = bA t
1
1
(1)
bA = =
t
47.5 T
In second case,
40 45
Avg, temp =
= 42.5
2
Avg. temp. diff. from surrounding
t = 42.5 t
45 40
5
Rate of fall of temp =
= C/mm
8
8
From Newtons Law
5
= bAt
B
5
1
=
( 42.5 T )

8
( 47.5 T )
By C & D [Componendo & Dividendo method]
We find, T = 34.1C

yC

ol

le

ge

28.12

Heat Transfer
52. Let the water eq. of calorimeter = m

ge

Ba

g.

in

(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of heat flow
10
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5
= Rate of flow
18
(m 50 10 3 ) 4200 5
(m 100 10 3 ) 4200 5

=
10
18
3
3
(m + 50 10 )18 = 10m + 1000 10
3
3
18m + 18 50 10 = 10m + 1000 10
3
8m = 100 10 kg
3
m = 12.5 10 kg = 12.5 g
53. In steady state condition as no heat is absorbed, the rate of loss of heat by
conduction is equal to that of the supplied.
i.e. H = P
m = 1Kg, Power of Heater = 20 W, Room Temp. = 20C
d
= P = 20 watt
(a) H =
dt
(b) by Newtons law of cooling
d
= K( 0)
dt
20 = K(50 20) K = 2/3
d
20
2
= K( 0) = (30 20) =
w
Again,
dt
3
3
20
10
dQ
dQ
dQ
=
(c)

= 0,
=
3
3
dt 20
dt 30
dt avg
T = 5 min = 300

yC

ol

le

10
300 = 1000 J
3
Net Heat absorbed = Heat supplied Heat Radiated = 6000 1000 = 5000 J
Now, m = 5000
5000
5000
1
1
S=
=
= 500 J Kg C
m
1 10
54. Given:
Heat capacity = m s = 80 J/C
Heat liberated =

d
= 2 C/s

dt increase

d
= 0.2 C/s

dt decrease

d
(a) Power of heater = mS
= 80 2 = 160 W
dt increa sin g
d
= 80 0.2 = 16 W
(b) Power radiated = mS
dt decrea sin g
d
(c) Now mS
= K(T T0)
dt decrea sin g
16 = K(30 20)

K=

16
= 1.6
10

d
= K(T T0) = 1.6 (30 25) = 1.6 5 = 8 W
dt
(d) P.t = H 8 t

Now,

28.13

30C

T
20C

Heat Transfer

d
= K(T T0)
dt
Temp. at t = 0 is 1
(a) Max. Heat that the body can loose = Qm = ms(1 0)
( as, t = 1 0)
(b) if the body loses 90% of the max heat the decrease in its temp. will be
( 0 ) 9
Q m 9
= 1
10ms
10
If it takes time t1, for this process, the temp. at t1
101 91 90
9 0
9
= 1 (1 0 )
=
= 1
1
10
10
10
d
Now,
= K( 1)
dt
Let = 1 at t = 0; & be temp. at time t

d
K dt
o

in

g.

0
or, ln
= Kt
1 0
kt

le

ge

Ba

(2)
or, 0 = (1 0) e
Putting value in the Eq (1) and Eq (2)
1 90
kt
0 (1 0) e
10
ln 10
t1 =
k

yC

ol

55.

28.14