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High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSUPA Vs Uplink Interference
High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSUPA Vs Uplink Interference
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Dec 2010
Contents
1 PRINCIPLE................................................................................................ 4
1.1
1.2
Uplink Interference................................................................................................... 5
1.3
1.4
2 TEST REPORT......................................................................................... 10
2.1
2.2
3 CASE STUDY.........................................................................................
18
3.1
Problem Description............................................................................................... 18
3.2
Problem Analysis................................................................................................... 20
3.3
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The basic principle, test reports and case study from live network are included here to
give a clear view on how the HSUPA service impact on the uplink performance and how
to optimize the network to gain a maximum benefit of HSUPA.
Since HSPA service is widely used in the market, with a good understanding of this
topic, the engineer will be able to operate and optimize the network well.
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PRINCIPLE
HSUPA Phase 1, 10ms TTI offers the benefit of improved physical layer performance
over R99, peak rate is 2 Mbps.
HSUPA (Phase 2), 2ms TTI offers the benefit of reduced system delays and higher
potential throughput, peak rate is 5.76 Mbps.
Release 7 of 3GPP specification introduces the possibility of using 4 level Pulse Amplitude
Modulation (4PAM) which equivalent to 16QAM to increase the maximum achievable throughput,
peak rate is 11.5 Mbps. (support in Huawei RAN12.0).
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The Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) on the uplink is the sum of all user signals and the
channel noise.
Uplink Interference Composition is as follow;
RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power)
Noise Floor include of thermal noise and Noise Figure (NF) of the system.
PN 10 log( K * T *W ) NF
K Boltzmann constant, 1.38 23
10 J / K
T Kelvin temperature, normal temperature: 290 K
W Signal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
NF: Hardware (NodeB/UE) dependency, typical value of macro NodeB =3 dB
If no other external factors e.g. external interference (from illegal sources), hardware issue. The
main factor that impact on Uplink interference is Traffic Load which includes traffic load from the
users of the cell and adjacent cells.
The relationship between uplink load and uplink interference (Noise Rise) is as below,
(
= Load factor)
NoiseRise
ITOT
PN
1
N
1 1 i Lj
1
1
1 UL
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UL load is affecting the noise level at the Node B receiver (Noise Rise).
A typical value of cell load for dimensioning ranges from 30% to 70 %
50% is a good compromise between the number of sites and the offered capacity.
Too high uplink noise level cause cell shrink (reduction of coverage), breathing effect.
The relationship between Noise Rise and RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power),
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1.2 dB
It is great important to balance between the achievable throughput and system performance on
the uplink. Therefore, Huawei systems apply the Load Control mechanisms to control the level of
uplink interference in each service phase.
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(More detail about Load Control Algorithms, please refer to Load Control Feature Document)
Load Control algorithms are different between HSUPA and R99 UL as follows:
1.
2.
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Throughput=MAX
one
RLC
pdu
-bit
rate
GBR
GBR
Throughput=MAX
one
RLC
=64kbps
pdu-bit
rate
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Throughput
=MAX
one
RLC
pdu-bit
rate
GBR
RLC
pdu-bit
rate
GBR
(2)
10ms HSUPA
Minimum
Throughput
=MAX
one
=32kbps
To sum up, with different HSUPA TTI, 2ms and 10ms , the minimum guaranteed throughput of
user is vary 160kbps vs 64kpbs / 160kbps vs 32kbps. So, when the uplink load is limited, the
number of user that can access the cell is different (HSUPA TTI=2ms serve less number of user
per cell due to higher guaranteed throughput which generating higher uplink interference).
2 TEST REPORT
2.1 Simulation Result from HQ Test Lab
HSUPA 2ms TTI- single antenna simulation (GBR=64kbps, MaxTargetUlLoadFactor
=75%)
FTP user number (simultaneously upload) is limited at 8 due to the limited capacity of air
interface (uplink interference).
1RX_Antenna
UENumber UploadofAnt Throughput
enna%
kbps
CAT5
8
74.43
1215.63
CAT6
8
86.07
1163.18
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FTP user number (simultaneously upload) is limited at 20 due to the limited capacity of air
interface (uplink interference).
1RX_Antenna
UENumber UploadofAnt Throughput
enna%
kbps
CAT5
20
76.50
1100.00
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(Please refer to the comparisons charts of Large and Small Retransmission performance in
next pages).
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Test Case 1: HSUPA TTI=10ms 1Rx Antenna without Rx-Diversity (Indoor Case)
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Test Case 2: HSUPA TTI=2ms 1Rx Antenna without Rx-Diversity (Indoor Case)
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Test Case 3: HSUPA TTI=10ms 2 RXs Antenna with Rx-Diversity (Outdoor Case)
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Test Case 4: HSUPA TTI=2ms 2 RXs Antenna with Rx-Diversity (Outdoor Case)
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-In light cell load, small retransmission can give users higher throughput than large
retransmission.
-In medium and heavy cell load, large retransmission can achieve much more user
numbers and cell throughput than small retransmission; the gain can be 20% ~30%. (Based
on user numbers)
To achieve a maximum balance between cell capacity and peak rate of single user in uplink
(2ms TTI bring the higher peak rate of single user, while 10ms TTI can bring the higher
cell capacity). The operator can deploy another new feature (RAN12.0), HSUPA TTI Auto
Reconfiguration together with Adaptive Retransmission.
If the following condition has been fulfilled, this UEs TTI switch from 2ms to
10ms:
The Uu Load on Congestion Status & the UEs bit rate < Rate threshold for
2ms to 10ms
If both of the following conditions are fulfilled, this UEs TTI switch from 10ms to
2ms:
the UEs bit rate > Rate threshold for 10ms to 2ms.
UE Power is not limited. (If the 6A1 have been reported, the 6B2 shall be
reported after that.)
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3 CASE STUDY
3.1 Problem Description
Based on the customers feedback in 3G Network (RAN10.0) of Operator XXX, the customers
had the difficulties to access the network ,sometime can access network but the data throughput
is very low and the connections frequently dropped. This problem is appeared at operators office
and nearby areas.
Symptoms:
-Based on the Statistic, we observed same pattern of high RTWP and PS drop in all cells that
circled in red.
-These cells are located in the same areas, nearby operators office.
-The highest RTWP appeared in Indoor cell, CHAMCHURI_C35-1 and the level of the uplink
interference of other outdoor cells reduce upon the distant from this indoor cell.
- Uplink interference (RTWP) increase very high reached the maximum value at -55 dBm during
working hour (10:00 17:30 hrs) on working day.
-We also conducted the FTP download and upload at the Indoor cell, both give a very low
throughput.
Operators Office
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In the first place, we did not expected that the issue related to traffic load due to based on
statistic, found that at the same number of HSUPA users, the RTWP didnt always high.
(Maximum =20 HSUPA users per cell, the HSUPA user number is limited by Maximum HSUPA
user number setting at RNC)
Troubleshooting Steps, we had proposed 2 troubleshooting steps as below
(1)
Use Spectrum Analyzer to search for External Interference source in operators building
(2)
Conduct Field Test (FTP upload) and open RNC LMT online trace measurement in the
Indoor Cell
Results
(1)
There was no external interference detected by Spectrum Analyzer
(2)
Based on the field test (FTP upload) and RNC LMT online measurement of indoor cell, we
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detected huge increment of RTWP when R99 test user doing the FTP upload (the test
user only can get R99 service due to HSUPA user number already hit maximum 20
based on the setting).
Test Steps
(1) Condition before start FTP upload test, based on RNC LMT online measurement of
indoor cell, the HSUPA user was always at 20 (HSDPA user number was more
than 20) with the RTWP above -95 dBm.
(2)
We started FTP Upload on R99 (from Genex Probe, observed the average
throughput was around 300kbps) and the sudden increment of RTWP upto -55
dBm was observed via online measurement. (We randomly checked the RTWP of
nearby outdoor cells, their RTWP also increased accordingly).
(3)
Next, we started FTP Upload on HSUPA (from Genex Probe, observed the very
low throughput, most of the time was 0 kbps) during that time observed no
increment of RTWP via online measurement.
(4)
We checked the Load Control parameters setting of this indoor cell; found that the
LDR (Load Reshuffling) didnt turn-on. This is the reason why RNC still
scheduled bit rate to R99 users although current uplink load was high (above -95
dBm).
(5)
For HSUPA user, the scheduling is based on Maximum Target Uplink Load
Factor which set to 75%, thus the bit rate was not scheduled to HSUPA user
consequently no increment of RTWP.
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Genex Probe
(6)
(7)
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We suspect there might be some issue with HSUPA service as well (We
implemented the HSUPA Phase2 (TTI 2ms) in this network) .Thus, we conducted
the HSUPA Load Test, to check how many HSUPA user (simultaneous FTP
upload) that the cell can support.
From the test result, shown that for indoor case (with 1 Rx antenna), only
maximum 7 simultaneous upload users can supported. If the HSUPA user number
is exceed 7, will cause over-high RTWP. (Please refer to test result in previous
session)
We got confirmation from HQ that this is product limitation, the performance
of HSUPA Phase 2 with 1Rx antenna is limited and only can be improved with
new features (refer to previous sessions) in RAN12.0.
(3)
To turn-on Load Control (LDR) to control the interference level which generated from R99
users.
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