21-10-01

INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS

Presented by:M.Aamir Sohail khan

Session:
2004-EE-60
University college of engineering &
technology bahaudian zakariya
university Multan, Pakistan
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What is Instrument Transformer ?

A transformer that is used in conjunction with a

measuring instrument.
It utilizes the current-transformation and voltage
transformation properties to measure high ac
current and voltage.

Importance of Instrument
transformers

In dc circuits for current and voltage measurement

we use ammeters and voltmeters.
For measurement of high current ,it is usual to use
low range ammeter with suitable shunt.
For measurement of high voltage, low range
voltmeter are used with high resistance connected
in series.
But for measurement of high A.C. current and
voltage we cannot use these methods.
We use specially constructed instrument
transformers.
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Types of instrument transformers

These instrument transformers are of two
types:1.
2.

Current transformers
Potential transformers

Current Transformers

Current transformer normally known as c.t. is a step up

transformer.

These are used with low range ammeter to measure current in

high voltage alternating circuits where it is not practical to
connect instrument and meters directly to lines.

This is step up transformer because when we step up the,

voltage increases and current decreases.

The current is step down in a known ratio called current ratio .

Construction of C.T.

C.T. has a primary coil of one or more

turns of thick wire connected in series
with the line whose current is to be
measured.

The secondary consist of large number

of turns of fine wire, is connected across
the ammeter terminals.

Working

If a current transformer has primary to secondary

current ratio of 100:5 then it step up the voltage 20
times and step down the current 1/20 times of its
actual value.

If we know the current ratio I1/I2 and the reading of

a.c. ammeter, the current can be calculated.

Current = ratio ammeter reading

Importance of short ckt.

Ammeter resistance is very low ,the current

transformer normally works short circuited.

If for any reason the ammeter is taken out of

secondary winding then the secondary winding
must be short ckted with the help of short ckt
switch s.

If this is not done, then due to high m.m.f. will

set up high flux in the core and it will produces
excessive core loss which produce heat and
high voltage across the secondary terminals
Hence the secondary of current transformer
is never left open.

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Potential transformer

A PT is a step down transformer having many

primary turns but few secondary turns.

In step down the voltage decreases and current

increases, thus voltage can be easily measured by
using low range voltmeter.

The voltage is stepped down in known ratio called

voltage ratio.

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Construction and working of P.T.

Construction

A potential transformer has many primary windings but

few number of secondary windings that makes it step
down transformer.
Voltmeter is connected to secondary winding usually
voltmeter of 150 v is suitable.

Working

Primary terminals are connected across the line to which

the voltage is to be measured.
The voltmeter gives the transformed value of voltage at
secondary.
The deflection of voltmeter when divided by transformed
ratio gives the actual voltage at primary.

Line voltage = deflection

trasf. Ratio

Where transformation ratio = V2/V1

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Precaution for P.T.

Since the secondary of p.t. is connected

to relays, their ratings are usually 40 to
100 Watts.

For safety purpose the secondary

should be completely insulated from the
high voltage primary and should be in
addition grounded.

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Types of P.T.

1.
2.
3.

Some types of p.t. are

Shell type
Dry type
Oil type

Rating

Type

below 5000 v

Shell type

5000-13800 v

Dry type and

oil type

above 13800 v only oil type

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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

THANK YOU

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