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Alvarez V CFI
Alvarez V CFI
-an offer of compromise is not equivalent to voluntary consent to the search and
seizure
-a waiver of the right against illegal searches and seizure may only be a good
defense if the person served with a warrant voluntarily consented to it.
June 3, 1936the chief of the secret service of the Anti-Usury Board, of the
September 10 court: that the search warrant was obtained and issued in
accordance with the law, that it had been duly complied with and, consequently,
should not be cancelled
Assistant chief of the Anti-Usury Board of the Department of Justice filed a motion
praying, that the articles seized be ordered retained for the purpose of conducting
an investigation of the violation of the Anti-Usury Law committed by the petitioner.
September 25court required the board to specify the time it needed to retain the
19 documents, gave 5 days to comply
September 30Board asked for 10 days to comply
October 2court granted additional 10 days
October 10 board said that it needs 60 days to examine the documents and
papers seized
October 16court granted 60 days to investigate 19 documents
Hence this petition (mandamus).
Alvarez:
-warrant invalid
-violation of a constitutional right
-affidavit of agent Mariano G. Almeda in whose oath he declared that he had no
personal knowledge of the facts which were to serve as a basis for the issuance of
the warrant
-no other affidavits by witnesses
-lack of an adequate description of the books and documents to be seized
-search and seizure made at night illegal
-the articles were seized in order that the Anti-Usury Board might provide itself
with evidence to be used by it in the criminal case or cases which might be filed
against him for violation of the Anti-usury Law
Anti-Usury Board:
-the petitioner cannot now question the validity of the search warrant or the
proceedings had subsequent to the issuance thereof, because he has waived his
constitutional rights in proposing a compromise whereby he agreed to pay a fine
of P200 for the purpose of evading the criminal proceeding
-Mandamus is improper because Alvarez can appeal from the orders which
prejudiced him.
Issues:
1. WON the warrant is valid? NO
-The search and seizure made are illegal: (a) Because the warrant was based
solely upon the affidavit of the petitioner who had no personal knowledge of
the facts of probable cause, and (b) because the warrant was issued for the
sole purpose of seizing evidence which would later be used in the criminal
proceedings that might be instituted against the petitioner, for violation of the
Anti-Usury Law;
-As the warrant had been issued unreasonably, and as it does not appear
positively in the affidavit that the articles were in the possession of the
petitioner and in the place indicated, neither could the search and seizure be
made at night