New Swati-Part-6-Grade 6 CBSE

esjh fga nh % I;kjh fga nh
f'k{kd&nf'kZdk dh vko';drk D;ksa\
cPpksa esa fga nh osQ izfr #fp mRiUu gks losQ] blosQ fy, k:jh gS fd
iqLrd jkspd rFkk vkd"kZd gksA ikB Kkuo/Zd rFkk ubZ&ubZ tkudkfj;ksa
osQ lkFk&lkFk fofo/rk fy, gq, gksaA cPps fganh Hkk"kk dks cks> u
le>dj viuh I;kjh Hkk"kk le>dj i<+sa A
bUgha mn~n's ;ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, ge vkiosQ le{k ^Lokfr* uked
iqLrdksa dh kà[kyk ysdj vk, gSaA buesa laLfr] dyk] bfrgkl] iqjk.k]
yksd&dFkk] R;ksgkj] egkiq#"kksa osQ thou ls lacaf/r jkspd izlax]
foKku ls lacaf/r tkudkjh vkfn ls tqM+s ikB gSaA dfork] ,dka dh]
dgkuh] ys[k] thouh] fuca /] vkRedFkk] O;a X;] ;k=kk&o`Rrka r] laLej.k]
lk{kkRdkj vkfn fo/kvksa dk iz;ksx dj ikB~;iqLrdksa dks mPpdksfV dk
cukus dk liQy iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
lkfgfR;d fo/kvksa osQ ek;e ls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ eu esa ns'kHkfDr]
izfr&izes ] tho&tarv
q ksa osQ izfr izes ] n;k] ijksidkj] /S;]Z lR; vkfn
ekuo&ewY;ksa dks mtkxj djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA
lHkh f'k{kd fon~oku gSa] fiQj Hkh gekjk iz;kl gS fd Lokfr osQ ikB
i<+ krs le; oqQN eq[; fcanqvksa dks ;ku esa j[kk tk,A blls ikB~;iqLrdksa
osQ fuekZ.k esa tks mn~ns'; ysdj ge pys] mldh iwfrZ laHko gks tk,xhA
tks funsZ'k ;k lkexzh nh tk jgh gS] og osQoy ekxZn'kZu djus esa
lgk;d gksxhA le;] ifjfLFkfr rFkk izlaxkuqowQy vki mlesa vius rFkk
cPpksa osQ fopkj 'kkfey dj ldrs gSaA
izLrqr f'k{kd&nf'kZdk esa fuEufyf[kr eq[; fca nqvksa osQ vk/kj ij
ikB&f'k{k.k osQ fy, lq>ko fn, x, gSa %
1- izfrikn~; fo"k;blessa vkidh lqfo/k osQ fy, izR;sd ikB
dk lkj ;k izfrikn~; fo"k; ljy Hkk"kk esa fn;k x;k gSA ;ku j[ksa fd
cPps ikB dks Lo;a i<+as rFkk muosQ vFkZ fudkysAa vko';drk iM+ us ij
mUgsa le>k, A
2- ewyHkkoikB dk ewyHkko fn;k x;k gS] rkfd ikB osQ mn~ns';
dks Hkyh&Hkkfr le> losaQA
3- thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.kvk/qfud ;qx us lHkh dks LokFkhZ
rFkk vkReosaQfnzr cuk fn;k gSA vr% k:jh gS fd ikB esa ftu
thou&ewY;ksa dks mHkkjk x;k gS] cPps mldh lkFkZdrk dks le>sa rFkk
vius mnkj n`f"Vdks.k dks fodflr djsaA cPpksa ls Hkh thou&ewY; rFkk
mudk n`f"Vdks.k iwNk tk ldrk gSA
4- Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'kyikB~;iqLrd vkSj vH;kl&iqfLrdk
esa fn, x, fofHkUu izdkj osQ vH;klksa n~okjk Hkk"kk dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj
oqQ'kyrkvksa dk fed fodkl djok;k x;k gSA
5- fo'ks"kikB ls lacaf/r vU; tkudkjh nsus ;k cPpksa ls iwNus
dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blls cPpksa dh ckSn~f/d {kerk dk ifjp;
feysxk rFkk mudh rkfoZQd rFkk oSpkfjd 'kfDr dk fodkl gksxkA
(vi)
(vii)
6- ljykFkZdfBu xn~; rFkk dkO;&ia fDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ fn;k

x;k gS] rkfd cPpksa dks vklkuh ls le>k;k tk losQA
7- ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kllquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk] fparu
rFkk v;;u lac/
a h oqQ'kyrkvksa dks fodflr djus osQ fy, ikB osQ
var esa vH;kl fn, x, gSAa bl iqLrd esa muosQ mRrj ;k laoQs r fcanq
fn, x, gSaA oqQN ljy iz'uksa osQ mRrj vkSj oqQN ,sls iz'uksRrj fd ftUgsa
cPps vius vuqHko osQ vk/kj ij fy[ksaxs] os ugha fn, x, gSaA
mifjfyf[kr eq[; fcanqvksa osQ lkFk&lkFk d{kk esa okpu vo';
djok,A f'k{kd igys Lo;a i<+]as fiQj cPps mPp Loj esa i<+sa A dfBu
'kCnksa] okD;ksa ;k vuqPNsn dk Jqrys[k vo'; djok, A ;fn cPps
viuh v'kqn~f/;k Lo;a fudkysa rks nksckjk xyrh gksus dh laHkkouk de
gks tkrh gSA v'kqn~f/;ksa dks rhu&rhu ckj fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA Hkk"kk
dks lh[kus&fl[kkus esa cPps fo"k; dks le>sa] jVs ughaA O;kdj.k esa
fu;e rFkk ifjHkk"kk jVok, ughaA Hkk"kk esa iz'uksa osQ mRrj vyx&vyx
<ax ls fn, tk ldrs gSa] blfy, roZQlaxr mRrj dks Hkh Bhd le>k
tk,A ;g iqLrd vkidh lgk;rk osQ fy, gSA blls osQoy laosQr xzg.k
dj cPpksa dk Lo;a ekxZn'kZu djsaA
Lokfr (Hkkx&6)
1- lRdrZO;
izfrikn; fo"k; %
^jkeujs'k f=kikBh* n~okjk jfpr dfork ^lRdrZO;* esa euq"; dks
fuLokFkZ drZO; djus dh izsj.kk nh xbZ gSA lalkj osQ lHkh tM+&psru
inkFkZ fujarj vius&vius deZ esa yxs gq, gSaA l`f"V dk dksbZ Hkh izk.kh
f;kghu ugha gS] NksVs ls NksVk frudk Hkh vius deZ esa yhu gSA tc
lHkh deZ esa yhu gS]a rks euq"; fuf"; oSQls jg ldrk gS\ viuh
ekr`Hkwfe vkSj ml ij jgus okys lHkh fuokfl;ksa dh lsok djuk gh
euq"; dk drZO; gksuk pkfg,A
ewyHkko %
euq"; dks fuLokFkhZ gksdj vius ns'k rFkk ns'kokfl;ksa osQ izfr viuk
drZO; fuHkkuk pkfg,A
thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %
deZfu"B cuus dh izjs .kk nsuk] ekr`Hkwfe rFkk lHkh fuokfl;ksa dh lsok
dh izsj.kk nsuk] fuLokFkZ gksdj deZ djukA
Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %
dkO;&iafDr;ksa osQ Hkko tkuuk] foLr`r fooj.k] 'kCnkFkZ] dfo&ifjp;]
milxks dk iz;ksx] dfork oaQBLFk djuk] nwjnf'kZrk rFkk dYiuk ij
vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsukA
(viii)
fo'ks"k %
cPpksa dks izsfjr djsa fd os iqLrdky; ls ns'kHkfDr rFkk uSfrd ewY;ksa
ls lacfa /r dfork, i<+Aas
Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) | 9
D:\Saras\Swati-VI\Swati-6
01-04-2009
(Darbari)
dkO;&iafDr;ksa dk Li"Vhdj.k %
l rqe euq"; gks] vfer cqn~f/&cy----------rqeus fut thou esa\
dfo l`f"V osQ vusd mnkgj.k nsdj euq"; dks vius drZO; dks iw.kZ
djus osQ fy, izsfjr dj jgk gSA euq"; lHkh izkf.k;ksa esa Js"B gSA mlosQ
ikl 'kkjhfjd cy osQ lkFk ckSn~f/d cy Hkh gSA tc NksVs&NksVs izk.kh
fuLokFkZ gksdj dk;Z dj jgs gSa] rks euq"; dks Hkh vius thou dk
mn~ns'; êkuo lsok* ;k deZ djuk gh gksuk pkfg,A mls osQoy vius
fy, deZ ugha djuk pkfg,A vfirq bl lalkj esa mlosQ thou dk
mn~ns';^^lcdh lsok rFkk vPNs deZ djuk gh gksuk pkfg,A**
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
vkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\
1- tM+ vkSj psru esa lekurk, fuEufyf[kr gSa%
1- nksuksa viuk dke izfrfnu djrs gSaA
2- tM+ vkSj psru osQ dk;Z vkSj le; fuf'pr gSAa izfr Hkh blesa
ck/k mifLFkr ugha djrhA
3- buosQ lHkh dk;Z vius vki gh gks tkrs gSaA ;s fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls
euq";ksa dh lsok djrs gSaA
4- mQtkZ nsdj euq";ksa osQ vanj 'kfDr dk lapkj djrs gSaA lwjt]
panzek] i'kq&i{kh] tM+ o psru lHkh fu%LokFkZ lsok djosQ gesa
oqQN u oqQN nsrs gSaA
2- lw;Z
lw;Z va/dkj dks nwj djosQ vkSj viuh mQtkZ dks ge lHkh euq";ksa
o i'kq&i{kh dks nsdj thou esa ,d ubZ 'kfDr dk lapkj djrk gSA
lwjt dh xehZ ls gh fdlku dh i+Qly iddj rS;kj gksrh gS]
ftlls mlosQ ifjokj esa [kq'kgkyh vk tkrh gSA lw;Z osQ fcuk ge
faknxh dh dYiuk ugha dj ldrsA
10 | Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2)
panzek
lwjt dh xehZ ls tc /jrh xeZ gks tkrh gS] rc pkn fudydj
rih gqbZ /jrh ij viuh pknuh dks fc[ksjdj 'khryrk iznku djrk
gS] ftldk Lokxr isM+&ikSks] euq"; tu] i'kq&i{kh rFkk i`Foh ij
jgus okys lHkh tho&tarq djrs gSaA
3- euq"; dk lcls igyk drZO; gS fd og ftl ns'k esa iSnk gqvk
gS] tgk ij iydj cM+k gqvk gS] tgk osQ vUu us mldh
mnj&iwfrZ dh gS] tgk dh feV~Vh esa [ksydj lq[k ik;k gS]
ekSt&eLrh dh gS] ml ns'k esa jgus okys lHkh fuokfl;ksa dh
lsok fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls djsA
4- LokFkhZ euq"; vius LokFkZ osQ fy, vPNs&cqjs dh igpku djuk
NksM+ nsrk gSA bPNk dh iwfrZ osQ fy, og dksbZ Hkh vuqfpr dk;Z
dj ldrk gSA mlosQ fy, eku&lEeku dh dksbZ prk ugha
gksrhA ;gk rd fd yksHk osQ pDdj esa fliZQ oqQN #i;ksa dh
[k+kfrj og lekk] ifjokj o ns'k dks Hkh cfy dk cdjk cuk
Mkyrk gS] ml dk;Z dks djus osQ ckn D;k ?kkrd ifj.kke gksaxs]
mldh prk Hkh ugha djrk gSA
5- bl dfork ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS] tc lw;Z pkn] /jrh]
isM+&ikS/s] iRrs] i'kq&i{kh o izfr fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls dke djrs
gSa] rks gesa Hkh dk;Z fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls djus pkfg, vkSj viuh
ns'k dh lsok djuh pkfg,A
nwjnf'kZrk
l /jrh] vkdk'k] isM+&ikS/s] i'kq&i{kh gekjs fy, fuEufyf[kr
dk;Z djrs gSa%
/jrh osQ dk;Z
1- /jrh ij ge tUe ysrs gSaA ;g euq";ksa vkSj i'kq&i{kh lHkh dks
Bgjus osQ fy, txg nsrh gSA ;g dbZ rjg dh feV~Vh nsrh gS
+
tgk ij fofHkUu izdkj dh iQly
mxkbZ tkrh gSA
2- /jrh ij gh taxy ik, tkrs gSa] tgk ls fofHkUu izdkj osQ

isM+&ikS/s o tM+h&cwVh ikbZ tkrh gSA mu tM+h cwfV;ksa osQ n~okjk
fofHkUu izdkj dh chekfj;ksa dk bykt fd;k tkrk gSA
3- /jrh osQ xHkZ esa gh yksgk] rkck] rsy] [kfut vkfn inkFkZ ik,
tkrs gSaA
4- /jrh ij leqnz] unh] igkM+] >jus gSa tgk ij ufn;k fofHkUu
ekxks ls cgrh gqbZ ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd tkrh gSaA ty
dk eq[; ksr /jrh gh gS] tks ge lHkh osQ fy, lathouh cwVh
dk dke djrh gSA
vkdk'k osQ dk;Z
1- /jrh gekjh ekrk gS rks vkdk'k gekjk firk gSA ftldh
N=kNk;k esa jgdj ge lHkh vkdk'k esa fudyus okys lw;Z]
panzek vkSj vla[; rkjksa dks ns[k ldrs gSaA
2- ge lHkh muls mQtkZ ysdj vius vanj ,d ubZ 'kfDr dk lapkj
djrs gSa] izsj.kk ysrs gSa] thou esa meax] mRlkg Hkjrs gSa vkSj
vius dk;ks dks mRlkg osQ lkFk djrs gSaA
3- vkdk'k esa gh ckny xjt&xjtdj ve`r :ih o"kkZ i`Foh ij
djrs gSa] ftuls lHkh dk eu e;wj dh rjg ukpus yxrk gSA
4- vkdk'k esa iousa dHkh ean xfr ls] rks dHkh rst xfr ls pyrh
gSAa /jrh ij thfor jgus osQ fy, ok;q dh vR;ar vko';drk
gksrh gS] ftUgsa vkdk'k nsrk gSA
5- u,&u, 'kL=kksa dk fuekZ.k djosQ euq"; ubZ&ubZ felkbyksa dks
vkdk'k esa NksM+rk gSA fodflr jk"Vksa us mixzgksa dk fuekZ.k
djosQ vkdk'k esa gh LVs'ku cuk fn, gSaA
isM+&ikS/s osQ dk;Z
1- thfor jgus osQ fy, gesa vkgkj dh k:jr gksrh gS tks fd gesa
isM+&ikS/ksa ls gh izkIr gksrs gSaA isM+&ikS/s gesa vukt] lfCk;k o
iQy nsrs gSAa
2- isM+&ikS/s] taxyksa esa dbZ izdkj dh tM+h&cwVh nsus dk dk;Z djrs

gSa ftUgsa uhe gdhe igpku dj mldk iz;ksx chekfj;ksa dks nwj
djus esa djrs gSaA
3- /jrh ij pkjksa vksj gfj;kyh bUgha isM+&ikS/ksa osQ n~okjk gh laHko
gSA vk/qfud ;qx esa 'kgjksa esa ckx&cxhpksa osQ egRRo dks le>rs
gq, ljdkj pkjksa vksj ikoZQ dh O;oLFkk dj jgh gS] ftuls ge
LoLFk jgsa vkSj chekfj;ksa ls cps jgsaA
4- 'kqn~/ vkWDlhtu rks isM+&ikS/s gh nsrs gSa vkSj dkcZuMkbvkDlkbM
dks ysdj okrkoj.k dks 'kqn~/ cukrs gSaA
i'kq&i{kh osQ dk;Z
1- i'kq&i{kh ,slh vueksy fuf/ gS ftldh jpuk bZ'oj us dh gSA
i'kq gks ;k i{kh] ;s lHkh vkthou fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls lsok djrs
gSa vkSj ejus osQ ckn Hkh buosQ peM+ksa ls cSx] twrs dbZ izdkj dh
oLrq, cukdj iz;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ge dg
ldrs gSa fd ;gh izk.kh ,slk gS] tks ejus osQ ckn Hkh gekjh lsok
djrk gSA
2- i'kq&i{kh ge lHkh dk euksjatu Hkh djrs gSaA i{kh rjg&rjg
dh ofu fudkydj gesa lq[k igqpkrs gSaA fo'ks"kdj dks;y dh
owQ&owQ vkSj Hkojksa dk xqatuA
3- gkFkh] cSy] xk;] oqQRrk vkSj vU; tkuojksa dk Hkh euq"; us
viuh cqn~f/ dk iz;ksx djosQ mi;ksxh cuk fy;k gS] gkFkh tSls
fo'kkydk; 'kjhj okys tkuoj ls ydM+h <ksus dk dke ysrs gSaA
4- ljdl esa lHkh tkuoj euksjatu dk lk/u cus gq, gSaA
5- i'kq&i{kh dhM+s&edksMs+ dks [kkdj vukt dh lqj{kk djrs gSaA
bZ'oj us buosQ [kkus&ihus dh mfpr O;oLFkk djosQ euq";ksa dh
gj rjg ls j{kk dh gS vkSj izfr esa larqyu cuk;k gSA
gesa muosQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djus pkfg,

1- gesa le;≤ ij isM+&ikS/s yxkus pkfg,A
2- o`{kksa dh dVkbZ dks jksduk pkfg,A
3- lHkh izdkj osQ iznw"k.kksa ls budh j{kk djuh pkfg,A
4- le;≤ ij isM&+ ikS/ksa dks ikuh o [kkn nsrs jguk pkfg, rFkk
cPpksa esa isM&+ ikS/s osQ izfr lsok dh Hkkouk txkuh pkfg,] mUgsa
vglkl djk, fd muesa Hkh tho (vkRek) dk okl gksrk gSA
5- fdlh Hkh i'kq&i{kh dks rax ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj u gh ekjuk
pkfg,A lekt esa oqQN vlkekfkd rRo taxyksa esa f'kdkj
djosQ mudh peM+h dk fu;kZr djrs gSaA vijk/h O;fDr dks
dM+k&ls&dM+k naM nsuk pkfg,] naM nsrs le; fdlh Hkh izdkj
dk Hksn&Hkko ugha gksuk pkfg,A fu;eksa dk l[rh osQ lkFk
ikyu djuk pkfg,A
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l ge vius ns'k dks egku cukus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djsx
a s%
1- vglk] n;k] izes ] R;kx tSls vewY; fln~/karksa dk izpkj vkSj izlkj
?kj ls 'kq: dj ns'k osQ fofHkUu jkT;ks]a LowQyks]a dkWyt
s ks]a lsfeukjksa
esa okrkZ&xks"Bh dk lgkjk ysrs gq, fons'kksa esa tkdj bldk egRo
le>k,xsA
2- ,sls fln~/karksa dk fuekZ.k djsxa ]s ftuls fonsf'k;ksa lfgr vius
ns'kokfl;ksa dk n; ifjorZu dj losQ vkSj vkradokn ls fyIr
vijkf/;ksa dk lgh ekxZn'kZu djosQ mUgsa lgh jkLrs ij yk,A
3- dkuwuksa dks u;s lekt dh vko';drk osQ vuq:i ifjorZu
djosQ fons'kh O;kikj dh uhfr dks yphyk cuk,xs rkfd fons'kksa
esa cls gq, Hkkjrh; ;gk ij u, mn~;ksxksa dks LFkkfir djosQ] ns'k
osQ yk[kksa csjkskxkjksa dks jkskxkj ns losaQA
4- fons'kh eqnzk dks izkIr djus osQ fy, ^vk;kr&fu;kZr* dh iz.kkyh
esa ^ykblsal* nsus dh iz.kkyh esa lq/kj yk,xs] rkfd fons'kksa esa
gekjs ns'k dh Nfo vPNh gksA
5- cSadksa ls vklku fd'rksa ij .k dh lqfo/k iznku djsaxs]

+ Q feVk nsxsa vkSj tks dgsaxs] ogh djsaxsA
djuh&dFkuh dk iQoZ
O;kdj.k dh
l Lo $
m $
fo $
ckr
deZ LodeZ
.k m.k
o'k foo'k
vk $ tUe vktUe
iz $ dkj izdkj
v $ ukFk vukFk
vkb,] vc oqqQN vkSj djsa %

l ge vius ekrk&firk rFkk xq#vksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z
djsaxs %
1- cM+ksa dh vkKk ekusaxs vkSj mudh ckrksa ;k lykg dks roZQ
fd, fcuk eku ysaxsA
2- ge vuq'kklu esa jgdj le; ij gh dk;Z pkgs og ?kj dk
gks ;k LowQy dk djus dh dksf'k'k djsaxsA
3- vuq'kklu esa jgdj [ksy&owQn esa fgLlk ysaxsA viuh Vhe dks
fot;h cukus osQ fy, fojks/h i{k dh Vhe osQ fdlh Hkh
f[kykM+h dks pksV ugha igqpk,xsA
+ dk
4- ?kj vkSj LowQy dh nhokjksa dks xank ugha djsaxsA liQkbZ
fo'ks"k ;ku j[ksaxs] dkxk osQ VqdM+ksa dks ;k dksbZ Hkh csdkj
oLrq dks ôwQM+snku* esa MkysaxsA
5- b/j&m/j ugha FkwosaQxs] u gh ekjihV djsaxsA
6- vius vPNs dk;ks osQ n~okjk ekrk&firk rFkk LowQy esa xq#vksa
dk uke lekt rFkk jk"V esa jks'ku djsaxsA fons'kksa esa tkdj
Hkh vPNs dk;Z djsasxs rFkk mu usrkvksa] f[kykfM+;ksa ls Hkh
izsj.kk ysaxs] ftUgksaus fons'kksa esa tkdj jk"V dk lj mQpk
fd;kA lfpu rsna y
q dj] ihVh mQ"kk] dYiuk pkoyk] fdj.k
csnh] bafnjk xka/h] egkRek xka/h rFkk vla[; usrkvksa dks bl
/jk us tUe fn;kA gesa Hkh oqQN cuuk gS rks nsj fdl ckr
dh--------A
qq
2- gekjs lkFkhgekjk thou

izfrikn~; fo"k; %
^gekjs lkFkhgekjk thou* ikB ouLifr txr osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh
nsrk gSA cPpksa n~okjk viuh fosQV xsan <w<+us dh izf;k esa gh mUgsa [ksr
esa yxh lfCk;ksa ls muosQ thou dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA xksHkh]
fHkaMh] cSaxu vkfn lfCk;k cPpksa dks crkrh gSa fd muesa Hkh thou gS]
mUgsa Hkh nnZ gksrk gSA og f'kdk;r Hkh djrh gSa fd ge yksxksa dks
LoLFk j[kus osQ fy, vius iQy&iwQy nsrs gSa] ysfdu ;s yksx gekjk
FkksM+k&lk Hkh ;ku ugha j[krsA ewyh cPpksa dks crkrh gS fd mldh
rjg gh vkyw] vnjd] yglqu] I;kt vkfn vusd lfCk;k feV~Vh osQ
uhps gksrh gSaA va r esa cPps ;g lc lqudj iz.k ysrs gSa fd Hkfo"; esa
lHkh isM+&ikS/ksa dk ;ku j[ksaxsA
ewyHkko %
isM+&ikS/s izfr dh nsu gSAa ftuesa thou Hkh gksrk gSA vr% os Hkh gekjs
lkFkh gSaA gesa mudh j{kk djuh pkfg, u fd uqoQlku igqpkuk pkfg,A
cPpksa dks izk.kh&txr dh tkudkjh rFkk isM+&ikS/ksa dh j{kk dh izsj.kk
nsukA gekjs thou esa ouLifr txr osQ egRRo dks n'kkZukA
'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] laokn&ys[ku 'kSyh] fdlus] fdlls dgk] lgh ;k
xyr dh igpku] nwjnf'kZrk] 'kCn&Kku] opu cnyuk] dfBu 'kCnkH;kl
viuh #fp dh tkudkjh nsukA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- cPps xko esa tkdj blfy, [ksyrs Fks] D;ksafd 'kgj esa cM+h&cM+h
bekjrsa Fkha] ftlosQ dkj.k [ksyrs le; yksxksa osQ ?kjksa osQ 'kh'ks VwV
tkrs FksA
2- lfCk;k cPpksa ls blfy, ijs'kku Fkha] D;ksafd [ksyrs le; xsan
vDlj lfCk;ksa osQ [ksr esa pyh tkrh Fkh vkSj cPps csjgeh ls
ikS/ksa dks jkSanrs gq, xsan dks <w<+us yx tkrs] ftlls lfCk;ksa dks
d"V gksrk FkkA
3- ikS/ksa esa Hkh thou gksrk gSA NksVs&NksVs chtksa ls ikS/s curs gSa vkSj
fiQj /hjs&/hjs os cM+s gkssrs tkrs gSaA mudh tM+sa Hkh uhps kehu
esa c<+rh gSaA blls irk pyrk gS fd muesa Hkh thou gksrk gSA
4- vkf[kj esa cPpksa dks tc ;g irk pyrk gS fd ikS/ksa esa Hkh
thou gksrk gS] mUgsa Hkh nnZ gksrk gS rc mUgsa vius cqjs O;ogkj
ij vI+kQlksl gksrk gS vkSj os iz.k djrs gSa fd os lHkh vkxs ls
isM+&ikS/ksa dk ;ku j[ksaxsA
fdlus dgk\
l 1- uV~Vw us lfCk;ksa ls dgkA
2- esM+ ij yxs iRrksa us cPpksa ls dgkA
3- cSaxu us uV~Vw ls dgkA
4- fHkaMh us cPpksa ls dgkA
5- djsys dh csy us cPpksa ls dgkA
lgh ;k xyr
l
(d) ] ([k) ] (x) ] (?k) ] () A

3- yksVk Hkj ikuh
nwjn'krk
1- ikyd]
2- ewyh]
xksHkh] eVj]
vkyw] xktj]
djsyk] cSaxuA
'kyxe] ftehoaQnA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l
xktj foVkfeu ^,*] ikyd yksg&rRo] uhacw foVkfeu ^lh*]

cSxa u yksg&rRo] dn~nw yksg&rRo] djsyk yksg&rRoA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- iRrh
ifRr;k
Vksdjh Vksdfj;k
nokbZ nokb;k
2- csudkc
vufxur
csuke
vupkgh
cseryc
vudgh
cs'keZ
vutkuh
ia[kk ia[ks
xsan xsansa
csy csyas
vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

l
lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh

yxrh gSa%
vkyw
eVj
xksHkh] fHkaMh
VekVj
xktj
lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh

ugha yxrha gSa%
djsyk
ykSdh
cSaxu
ikyd
dn~nw
qq
18 | Lokfr
% f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2)
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
floaQnj dks vius fo'o fotsrk gksus ij cgqr ?kea M FkkA tc og Hkkjr
vk;k rc mldh eqykdkr ,d I +kQdhj ls gqbAZ I +kQdhj us iwNk fd ;fn
rqe fdlh fnu e#LFky esa HkVd tkvks vkSj I;kl yxus ij rqEgsa dgha
ikuh u feys] rc ,sls la oQV osQ le; esa eSa vius yksVs esa ikuh ysdj
ogk igqp tk] rc rqe eq>s ml ikuh osQ cnys D;k nksx\s floaQnj us
fuHkZ; gksdj dgk fd og vk/k jkT; ns nsxkA I +kQdhj osQ euk djus ij
floaQnj us dgk fd iwjk jkT; ns nsxkA floaQnj dh ckr lqu I+kQdhj us
rkuk ekjk fd rq>s fdl ckr dk ?keaM gSA rqEgkjk iwjk lkezkT; ,d
yksVs Hkj ikuh ls vf/d oqQN ughaA floaQnj fu#Rrj gks x;kA
ewyHkko %
^yksVk Hkj ikuh* dgkuh esa egku floaQnj o I+kQdhj dh ?kVuk osQ
ek;e ls ;gh lan's k fn;k x;k gS fd euq"; thou esa fdruh Hkh mUufr
D;ksa u dj ys] fdruk Hkh eku&lEeku] /u&la ifRr] ;'k&oSHko D;ksa u
dek ys] mls lnSo uez jguk pkfg,] ?kea M ugha djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd
thou esa oqQN Hkh LFkk;h ugha] lHkh oqQN u'oj gSA vr% vgadkj ls nwj
jguk pkfg,A fdlh dks Hkh NksVk ugha le>uk pkfg,A
vgadkj u djus dh izsj.kk nsuk] lHkh dk vknj djuk] fdlh dks NksVk
u le>uk] vk;kfRed 'kfDr dk egRRo] uezrk] ln~O;ogkj tSls xq.kksa
dk fodkl vkfnA
'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsuk] fjDr LFkku iwfrZ] oxZ igsyh n~okjk
ckSn~f/d {kerk dk fodkl] foykse 'kCn] n~foRo O;atu] dfBu
'kCnkH;kl] la okn&;kstukA
dfBu iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ %

l mldh cqn~f/ dk yksgk lHkh ekurs FksA
floaQnj us fo'o osQ vusd ns'kksa dks thrdj viuh 'kfDr dk izn'kZu
fd;k FkkA mldk nkok Fkk fd mls dksbZ Hkh gjk ugha ldrkA og vius
izR;sd ;qn/
~ esa fdl j.kuhfr] fdl fon~;k o fdl ubZ rduhd dk
bLrseky djsxk] bldk vankkk dksbZ ugha yxk ikrk FkkA mlosQ vnE;
lkgl] cy vkSj cqnf~ / dh ljkguk izR;sd O;fDr djrk FkkA mlosQ tSlk
uhfr&fuiq.k] cqnf~ /eku o prqj dksbZ ugha FkkA vr% lHkh jktk&egkjktk
rFkk lsukifr mlosQ dkS'ky osQ lkeus ureLrd FksA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- floaQnj us o"kks rd ;qn~/ dj fdrus gh ns'kksa dks thrk FkkA og
dHkh fdlh ls ugha gkjk FkkA og fo'o&fotsrk ekuk tkrk Fkk]
blfy, mls egku floaQnj dgk tkrk gSA
2- floaQnj osQ fy, fo'ks"k vknj.kh; lSfud Fks] D;ksfa d vius lsuk
osQ cycwrs ij gh mlus vusd ns'kksa dks thrdj fo'o fotsrk dk
f[krkc gkfly fd;k FkkA
3- I+kQdhj ls feyus ij floaQnj dks gSjkuh blfy, gqbZ fd vkt
rd lHkh mlosQ lkeus >qdrs Fks vkSj mlls vk[ksa feykus rd
dk lkgl fdlh esa ugha Fkk] ija rq bl I +kQdhj us mls ek=k flikgh
ekuk Fkk vkSj mlls fcuk Mjs roZQ&foroZQ dj jgk FkkA
4- I+kQdhj dh oqQfV;k esa ,d ykBh] ,d yksVk vkSj ,d oqQ'k dk
vklu FkkA
5- I+kQdhj ;g fln~/ djuk pkgrk Fkk fd floaQnj egku ugha gSA
oLrqr% dksbZ Hkh egku ugha gSA
6- I+kQdhj osQ ;g dgus ij fd esjk yksVk rqEgkjs jkT; ls oqQN NksVk
ugha] fiQj rqEgsa fdl ckr dh vdM+ gS\ floaQnj fu#Rrj gks
x;kA
(d) lSfud]
(x) iwjk jkT;]
nwjnf'kZrk
l v'kksd]
usiksfy;u]
([k) lezkV v'kksd] floaQnj]

(?k) pj.kksaA
tgkxhj]
vdcjA
pa nzxqIr]
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l ,d ckj ,d gkFkh eLr gksdj vius 'kjhj dks ,d isM+ osQ rus
ls jxM+ us yxkA mlh isM+ ij fpfM+ ;k dk ,d ?kksalyk Fkk] ftlesa
mlosQ nks va Ms FksA fpfM+ ;k us gkFkh dks isM+ fgykus ls euk fd;k]
ysfdu gkFkh ugha ekukA mlus isM+ dks vkSj Hkh kksj ls fgyk;k]
ftl dkj.k fpfM+ ;k dk ?kksalyk kehu ij fxj x;k vkSj mlosQ
nksuksa vaMs Hkh VwV x,A fpfM+ ;k ek;wl gksdj jksus yxhA rHkh ,d
phaVh ogk vkbZ] mlus fpfM+;k ls jksus dk dkj.k iwNkA fpfM+;k
us lkjh ckr crk nhA mldh ckr lqudj phaVh dks cgqr xqLlk
vk;kA mlus fpfM+ ;k ls gkFkh dks ekk p[kkus dk ok;nk dj
lh/s gkFkh osQ ikl xbZ vkSj cksyh^^vks ikxy gkFkh] rwus ,slk
D;ksa fd;k\** ,d phaVh dks bl izdkj yydkjrs gq, ns[kdj
gkFkh dks cgqr g lh vkbZA mlus mloQk [kwc ekkd mM+ k;k]
ysfdu phaVh us mldh fcYoqQy ijokg u djrs gq,] mldh lwM +
esa ?kqldj dkVuk 'kq: dj fn;kA vc rks gkFkh nnZ ls ijs'kku
gksdj phaVh dks ckj&ckj viuh lwM+ ls ckgj fudkyus dh
dksf'k'k djus yxk] ija rq gkj x;kA mldks viuh xyrh dk
,glkl gks x;k vkSj mlus phaVh ls eki- Qh ekxhA gkFkh dks vius
cyoku gksus dk tks ?kea M Fkk] og pwj&pwj gks x;kA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- gkj thr
ubZ iqjkuh
lLrk egxk
ew[kZ fon~oku
jktk jad
vknj fujknj
2- Ll&xqLlk
Ee&fgEer
cspuk [kjhnuk
mEehn ukmEehn
Rr&fujQRrj
cqyk;k vkSj fcuk ued dk cuk [kkuk ijkslkA jktk cgqr ksf/r gq,A
mUgksaus dgk fd fcuk ued dk [kkuk dkSu [kk ldrk gSA csVh us ?kw?kV
mBkdj dgk fd^vkidks ghjs&eksrh vkSj lksus ls Hkh ;knk ued
ilan gSA* jktk dks ued dh dher le> esa vk xbZA

l dke de
jktk jkt
Hkksj Hkj
osQyk dyk
f?kj ?kj
Mksj Mj
ogh og
iwQy iQy
dhy dy
iqy iy
ewyHkko %
ued dk eksy ghjs&eksrh vkSj lksus ls Hkh ;knk gSA ekuo&thou esa
ued dk cgqr egRRo gSA euq"; dks dHkh Hkh vgadkjh ugha cuuk
pkfg,A
qq
4- ued dk eksy
izfrikn; fo"k; %
dHkh Hkh viuh cqn~f/ vkSj rkdr ij ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg,A
pkVqdkjksa ls nwj jguk pkfg,A thou esa ued dk cgqr egRRo gSA ;g
dgkuh bUgha ckrksa dks izfrikfnr djrh gSA bl dgkuh esa ,d jktk osQ
rhu csfV;k FkhaA ,d fnu mlus rhuksa ls iwNk fdôs mls fdruk I;kj
djrh gSa\* igyh csVh us vius I;kj dks lksus osQ leku vueksy rFkk
nwljh csVh us vius I;kj dks leqnz dh rjg xgjk vkSj ghjs&eksrh dh
rjg 'kqn~/ crk;kA rhljh csVh ls iwNus ij mlus vius I;kj dks ,d
csVh dk cki osQ fy, tks I;kj gksrk gS] mlosQ leku crk;kA nqckjk
iwNus ij mlus vius I;kj dks ued ftruk crk;kA jktk viuh csVh ls
cgqr ukjkk gq, vkSj mldh 'kknh ,d fHk[kkjh ls dj nhA jktk dh
csVh rFkk mldk ifr nksuksa cgqr le>nkj rFkk esgurh FksA ifjJe ls
/u dekdj os cgqr vehj gks x,A ,d ckj mUgksaus jktk dks [kkus ij

ued dk egRRo] oko~Q&pkrq;Z] ifjJeh cuus dh izsj.kk] cM+ksa dk
vknj&lRdkj rFkk lsokHkko dh HkkoukA euq";ksa dks vgadkjh ugha
cuuk pkfg,A
izR;kLej.k] dkj.k tkuuk] fYakx cnyuk] i;kZ;okph] dYiuk 'kfDr dh
vfHko`nf~ /] vfrfjDr tkudkjhA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- jktk viuh csfV;ksa ls ;g tkuuk pkgrs Fks] fd os (mudh
csfV;k) mUgsa fdruk I;kj djrh gSaA
2- rhljh csVh dh ckr lqudj jktk ukjkk gks x, FksA
3- jktk us rhljh csVh dh 'kknh fHk[kkjh ls djosQ mls lkk nhA
4- fHk[kkjh ls 'kknh djosQ jktoqQekjh us vius xgus cspdj ,d
kehu dk VqdM+k fy;k vkSj ifr osQ lkFk [kwc esgur djus
yxhA
5- ge vius ekrk&firk ls mruk gh I;kj djrs gSa ftruk rhljh

jktoqQekjh us vius ekrk&firk ls fd;k FkkA
nwjnf'kZrk
vxj gekjs Hkkstu esa lc ehBk&gh&ehBk ;k iQhdk&gh&iQhdk
gksrk rks %
1- gekjk [kkus dk eu oqQN le; ckn ugha djsxkA
2- gekjh [kkus osQ izfr v#fp gks tk,xh] [kkus dks ns[kdj
ukd&eqg fldksM+saxsA
3- Hkkstu csLokn yxsxkA ;knk ehBk [kkus ls ;k ;knk iQhdk
[kkus ls ge vius&vki dks jksxh le>us yxsaxsA
4- gesa Hkw[k rks yxh gksxh] ysfdu oqQN u dj ikus dh fLFkfr
gksus osQ dkj.k xqLlk cgqr vkus yxsxkA
5- gesa ehBk vkSj ued larqfyr ek=kk esa Hkkstu esa ysuk iM+sxkA
fdlh Hkh phk dh vf/drk o deh gesa uqdlku igqpk
ldrh gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
vxj ge jktk dh rhljh csVh gksrs] rks jktk dks ued dk egRRo
crkrs D;ksafd ued osQ fcuk ge Hkkstu dk Lokn ugha ys ik,xs
rFkk bldh deh ls 'kjhj dks fofHkUu chekfj;ksa dk lkeuk djuk
iM+sxk] tks fd lsgr osQ fy, Bhd ugha gSA ued dk eksy gekjs
thou esa ghjs&eksrh ls c<+dj gSA ge ghjs&eksrh osQ fcuk rks jg
ldrs gSa] ysfdu ued osQ fcuk gekjk thou 'kwU; gSA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- jktk
jkuh
jktoqQekj jktoqQekjh
csVk csVh
ifr iRuh
fHk[kkjh
2- jktk
csVh
firk
lksuk
leqnz
egy
fHk[kkfju
ekrk firk
Hkwi] uìfr] Lokeh
iq=kh] lqrk] yM+dh
ikik] ckcw th] MSMh
Lo.kZ (/krq)] dud] dapu
lkxj] tyf/] vacfq /
jktk dk Hkou] jkt izklkn] jktkvksa dk njckj

fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dk mfpr ek=kk esa iz;ksx djus ls gekjk
Hkkstu Lokfn"V curk gS %
1- rsy ;k ?kh
2- fofHkUu izdkj osQ elkys
3- VekVj] gjk /fu;k] vnjd vkfnA
qq
5- D;k dgk dfBu gS dke

izfrikn; fo"k; %
dHkh Hkh fdlh dke dks dfBu ugha le>uk pkfg,A euq"; esa
vrqyuh; 'kfDr gksrh gS] ftlls og gj dk;Z dks dj ldrk gSA ftl
izdkj leqnz dh xgjkbZ esa tkdj gh eksrh feyrk gS vFkkZr~ eksrh
dfBukbZ ls izkIr gksrk gS mlh izdkj ifjJe djus ls gj eqf'dy
vklku gks tkrh gSA dk;j lnk eqlhcrksa osQ lkeus ?kcjk tkrs gSa] ohjksa
osQ lkeus ioZr Hkh >qd tkrs gSaA
ewyHkko %
cPpksa dks dfBu&ls&dfBu dk;Z djosQ fuMj cuus dh izjs .kk nh xbZ gSA

dfBu&ls&dfBu dk;Z djosQ fuMj cuus dh izjs .kk nsuk] ohj vkSj dk;j
esa varj dk crkuk] viuh Hkhrjh 'kfDr dks igpkuus dh izjs .kk nsukA
HkkokFkZ tkuuk] dfo dk thou&ifjp;] iz'uksa osQ mRrj] roZQiw.kZ mRrj
nsuk] foykse 'kCn] eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ vkSj okD; iz;ksx] dkO;&iafDr;ksa
dk lk/kj.k okD;ksa esa :ikarj.kA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- dfo us blfy, dgk dksbZ dke dfBu ugha gS] D;ksafd ge viuh
'kfDr dks ugha igpkurs gSaA ge dksbZ Hkh dke dks 'kq# djus ls
igys ;g lkspdj gh Mj tkrs gSa] fd liQyrk izkIr dj ik,xs
;k ughaA ge fdlh Hkh dke dks fuMjrk osQ lkFk vklku djosQ
dke;kch gkfly dj ldrs gSaA
2- gj eqf'dy dks ge yxkrkj Je djosQ vkSj dke osQ izfr yxko
mRiUu djosQ vklku dj ldrs gSaA
3- tks ekuo leqnz dh xgjkbZ esa tkrs gSa] mUgsa gh eksrh feyrk gSA
ogha O;fDr xgjs ikuh ls eksrh yk ldrk gS] ftls ikuh esa Mwcuk
vkSj ikuh ls fudyuk vkrk gksA
4- dk;j O;fDr dfBukbZ osQ le; cM+h&cM+h eqlhcrksa osQ vkus ij
HkkX; dk jksuk jksrs gSaA
5- ohjksa osQ lkeus cM+h&cM+h eqlhcrsa Hkh NksVh gks tkrh gSa] tks euq";
gldj eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk djrs gSa muosQ pj.kkssa osQ vkxs ioZr
Hkh viuk flj >qdk ysrs gSAa liQyrk ,sls ohjksa osQ dne pwerh
gS] tks fuMjrk osQ lkFk vkxs c<+rs gSaA
nwjnf'kZrk
1- ohj
1- ohj yksx dfBukbZ ls ugha ?kcjkrsA
2- ohj yksx fuMj LoHkko osQ gksrs gSaA
3- ohj yksx vius mn~n's ; dks izkIr djus osQ fy, iwjh 'kfDr yxk
nsrs gSAa liQyrk izkIr djus osQ i'pkr gh pSu ls cSBrs gSAa
4- ohj yksx HkkX;oknh ugha gksrs] mUgsa viuh cktqvksa] 'kfDr o deZ
ij fo'okl gksrk gSA
5- ohj euq"; gj eqlhcr osQ chp esa tkdj] ml (eqlhcr) dk gy
<w<+ ysrk gSA cM+h&cM+h eqlhcrksa dks dej dl dj NksVh dj nsrk
gSA
6- ohj iq#"k dh lksp ldkjkRed gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh dke dks og
û* ugha djrk gSA
7- mudh bPNk 'kfDr rhoz gksrh gSA
8- ohj yksxksa esa usrkvksa osQ xq.k gksrs gSa tks 'kfDr] ;kstuk le; vkSj
volj osQ vuqoQw y vius vkidks <ky dj ;k voljksa dks vius
vuqowQy djosQ vxqokbZ djrs gSaA
9- bfrgkl ohj yksx gh fy[krs gSaA
dk;j
1- dk;j yksx dfBukbZ ls tYnh ?kcjkrs gSaA
2- dk;j yksx Mjiksd gksrs gSaA
3- dk;j yksx mn~ns'; osQ izfr lefiZr ugha gksrsA mn~ns'; dks izkIr
djus dh dksf'k'k dh pkg Hkh ugha djrsA
4- dk;j yksx HkkX; dk jksuk jksrs jgrs gSaA gk;-----D;k djsaA gekjs
HkkX; esa ;g fy[kk gSA
5- dk;j O;fDr NksVh&lh eqlhcr dks viuh dFkuh&djuh osQ n~okjk
cM+h cuk nsrk gSA
6- budh lksp udkjkRed gksrh gS rFkk buosQ vkl&ikl osQ yksx o

okrkoj.k Hkh udkjkRed gksrk gSA
7- budh dksbZ bPNk'kfDr ugha gksrh gSA
8- dk;j yksx yksxksa osQ ihNs gh pyrs gSa] muij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA
9- ijra=krk dk thou thrs gSa] Lo;a dk 'kks"k.k djokrs gSaA fonzksg
ugha dj ldrs gSaA
2- thou esa liQyrk fli+ZQ ohjksa dks feyrh gS] D;ksafd os gj dke
dks viuh 'kfDr osQ cy ij iwjk dj ysrs gSAa ohj cM+h ls cM+h
eqlhcr vkus ij Hkh ?kcjkrk ugha gS] dej dldj glrs gq,
mudk eqdkcyk djrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
^^;fn dfBu ugha gS dke] Hkyk mldk fiQj djuk D;k** bl iafDr
osQ Hkkoksa osQ vuqlkj] dke djus dk vkuan rHkh vkrk gS tc og
eqf'dy gksA vklku dke dks dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gS] foaQrq ftlesa
fgEer gksxh og gh dfBu dke dks pqukSrh osQ :i esa ysxk vkSj mls
lk/kj.k le>dj djsxk] cks> osQ :i esa ughaA og ml le; rd pSu
dh uhan ugha ysxk] tc rd fd og dke;kc u gks tk, ;kuh eafty
rd u igqp tk,A
gk! ge dfo osQ fopkjksa ls 'kr izfr'kr lger gS]a D;ksfa d thou esa gj
dke vklku gksrk gSA vkylh o dk;jksa osQ fy, vklku dke Hkh
dfBu gksrk gSA gj balku esa 'kfDr fNih gqbZ gksrh gS ftlosQ ckjs esa og
tkurk ugha gSA ;fn dksbZ mls mldh fNih gqbZ 'kfDr osQ ckjs esa crk
ns] rks mlosQ vlaHko uke dh dksbZ phk ugha gksxhA eafty rd igqpus
osQ fy, jkLrksa esa vkus okyh eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk gldj] dej dldj
djuk gksxk] dke osQ izfr yxko o rhoz bPNk 'kfDr dks iSnk djuk
gksxk vkSj dfBukb;ksa dk Lokxr djuk gksxkA ohjksa osQ pj.kksa esa lkjh
nqfu;k >qdrh gS] bl dF; dks ;kn djosQ dke djuk iM+sxkA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- 1- dfBu vklku
5- Hkyk nq"V
2- gluk jksuk
6- ohj Mjiksd] dk;j
3- #duk pyuk
7- Mwcuk mHkjuk] mrjuk
4- Mjiksd fuMj
8- Je vkyl
2- (d) ^^;fn dfBu ugha gS dke] Hkyk mldk fiQj djuk
D;k\**
Hkyk ml dke dks D;k djuk tks dfBu gh u gksA
([k) ^^Je djrs gh jgus ls gj eqf'dy gy gksrh gSA**
gj eqf'dy dk gy] Je djrs jguk ls gh gSA
(x) ^^dk;j gh dfBukbZ dk] jksuk ys #d tkrs gSaA**
dk;j ges'kk dfBukbZ dk gh jksuk ysdj #d tkrs gSaA
(?k) ^ôhjksa osQ pj.kksa ij vkdj] ioZr rd >qd tkrs gSaA**
tks ohj gksrs gSa muosQ pj.kksa ij ioZr Hkh vkdj >qdrs gSaA
1- 'kfDr rksyuk rkdr igpkuuk
2- dej dluk Lo;a dks rS;kj djuk
3- ioZr >qduk >qdk nsuk] uhps dj nsukA
qq
6- dkSvk vkSj dks;y

izfrikn~; fo"k; %
^dkSvk vkSj dks;y* dh bl yksddFkk esa nksuksa if{k;ksa dh xgjh nksLrh
fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA nksuksa esa bruk I;kj Fkk fd ta xy osQ ckdh lkjs i'kq&i{kh
mudh nksLrh ns[k muls bZ";kZ djrs FksA ,d fnu mYyw osQ eu esa fopkj
vk;k fd D;ksa u og mu nksuksa esa iwQV Mky nsA mYyw us dkS, ls iwNk
fd D;k og dHkh dks;y osQ ?kksalys esa x;k gS\ dkSvk lksp esa
iM+ x;kA
;g iwNus ij Hkh fd dks;y vius va Ms dgk nsrh gS] dks;y mRrj
Vky nsrh gSA rc dkS, dks vU; if{k;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd dks;y
/ks[ks ls mlosQ vaMksa dks rksM+dj muosQ LFkku ij vius va Ms j[k nsrh
gSA ifj.kkeLo:i dkSvksa dh lHkk esa dks;y dks ;g lkk lqukbZ xbZ fd
og viuk eqg nqfu;k dks ugha fn[kk,xhA rc ls gesa dks;y dh ekqj
vkokk rks lqukbZ nsrh gS] ij og fdlh dks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA
ewyHkko %
izLrqr yksddFkk esa dkS, vkSj dks;y dh xgjh nksLrh] vU; if{k;ksa dh
bZ";kZ] mYyw n~okjk nksuksa dh nksLrh esa iwQV Mkyus osQ fy, "kM~;a=k jpuk
vkSj mlesa liQy gksuk vkSj va r esa dks;y dks mlosQ kks[ks vkSj cqjs
deZ dh lkk feyukizfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA /ks[ksckk yksxksa dh
la xfr ls nwj jguk rFkk fe=krk esa vkilh fo'okl dk gksuk gh bl ikB
dk ewyHkko gSA
LokFkhZ rFkk /ks[ksckk fe=kksa dk R;kx djuk gh Js;Ldj] fe=krk esa
vkilh fo'okl dk gksuk k:jh] ehBh ok.kh lHkh dks I;kjh]
ijksidkj] Ny&diV ls nwj jguk izk.kh osQ fy, fgrdj] eu dh
lPpkbZ o ifo=krk ij cy rFkk cqjh la xfr dk R;kx djus dh lh[k
nh xbZ gSA
i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh] 'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] fjDr LFkkuksa dh
iwfrZ] if{k;ksa dh cksyh dh tkudkjh] fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";] tkfrokpd
la Kk] ola r rq dk o.kZu] laokn&;kstukA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- i'kq&i{kh taxy esa fey&tqydj jgrs FksA os vkil esa pgpgkrs
vkSj [kwc eLrh djrs FksA
2- cqycqy dks ml fnu [kq'kh gksxh] tc dks;y dkS, osQ lkFk
jgrs&jgrs e/qj Loj esa xkuk Hkwy tk,xh vkSj og laxhr dh
nqfu;k dh egkjkuh cu tk,xhA
3- rksrs us eSuk ls dgk fd dks;y lkjk fnu dkS, osQ lkFk jgrh gS]
og ,d fnu e/qj Loj esa xkuk Hkwy tk,xhA
4- mYyw us lkspk fd dkS, vkSj dks;y dh nksLrh osQ ihNs k:j
dksbZ "kM~;a=k gSA vr% le; jgrs gh dkS, dh rkdr dks rksM+
nsuk pkfg,A
5- dks;y dkS, osQ ?kksalys esa ls mlosQ vaMs fxjkdj vius vaMs j[k
nsrh gSA
6- if{k;ksa dh lHkk us ;g iSQlyk fd;k fd dkS, dks kks[kk nsus osQ
vijk/ esa dks;y nqfu;k dks eqg ugha fn[kk,xhA
l 1- xgjh] 2- laxfr] 3- dks;y] 4- lqn
a j] 5- if{k;ksaA
nwjnf'kZrk
1- ;fn gesa iSQlyk djuk gksrk rks ge dks;y dks /ks[kk nsus osQ
vijk/ esa e`R;qnaM dh ltk nsrs] rkfd Hkfo"; esa fiQj dHkh
dksbZ nwljh dks;y ,slk vijk/ ugha djrhA
2- gesa ;g dgkuh euksjatd ,oa Kkuo/Zd yxhA bl dgkuh osQ
n~okjk taxy esa jgus okys i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh
feyhA
vU; 'kh"kZd LokFkhZ fe=k (kks[ksckk fe=k) ;k lPph fe=krkA
7- ?kM+h dh dgkuh
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l dkSvk
dko&dko
dks;y owQ&owQ
Hkojk xqtu
iihgk ihgw&ihgw
fpfM+;k pha&pha
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
izLrqr ys[k esa ?kM+h osQ egRRo rFkk mlosQ vkfo"dkj osQ fo"k; esa jkspd
tkudkjh iznku dh xbZ gSA gekjs lHkh dk;Z le; ls tqMs+ gSa vkSj le;
dh tkudkjh gesa ?kM+h ls gh feyrh gSA bl ys[k esa ml le; dh Hkh
tkudkjh nh xbZ gsS tc ?kM+h ugha Fkh] fiQj Hkh yksxksa osQ lHkh dke
le;kuqlkj gksrs FksA mnkgj.k osQ fy, lar vkxfLVu tks 'kke osQ le;
kkfeZd iqLrd i<+uk 'kq: djrs] ,d [kkl okD; ij og nkSMd
+ j fxjks
dk ?kaVk ctk nsrAs fdrkc ls ?kM+h dk dke fy;k tkrkA blh izdkj lw;Z
?kM+h rRi'pkr ty?kM+h dk vkfo"dkj gqvkA Hkkjr esa thforeqxZs dh
ckx vf/d izfln~/ gSA vfXu ?kM+h Hkh izpfyr FkhA fcx VkWe vkSj fcx
csu tSls oSKkfudksa us ;kaf=kd ?kfM+;k cukb] tSl
s ?kaVh okyh ?kM+h] vykWeZ
?kM+h] oqQaq th ?kM+h] laxhre;h ?kM+h] gkFk ?kM+h o tsc ?kM+h vkfn vusd
izdkj dh ?kfM+;k fnu&ij&fnu curh pyh tk jgh gSAa
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- fo'ks"k.k
fo'ks";
'kSrku
dkSvk
dkyh
dks;y
e/qj
vkokk
xgjh
nksLrh
ehBk
xkuk
2- (d) pkfc;ksa
([k) lsuk
(x) Nk=kksa
(?k) gkFkh
() O;kikjh] cSad] uksVksa (p) 'kgj] pksjksa
(N) yM+dksaA
ewyHkko %
?kfM+;ksa osQ vkfo"dkj rFkk egRRo osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh nsukA
?kM+h osQ egRRo ij izdk'k Mkyuk] le; osQ lnqi;ksx dh izsj.kk nsuk]
fofHkUu ?kfM+;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

l
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
olar rq rqvksa dk jktk gSA

bl rq esa jax&fcjaxs iwQy f[ky tkrs gSaA
eksj ukpus yxrk gSA
frrfy;k iwQyksa ij eMjkus yxrh gSAa
iwQyksa dh lqxa/ pkjksa rjI+kQ iSQy tkrh gSA

iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsuk] vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCnA n~foxq lekl] ?kM+h
cukus dh fof/ ,oa vius fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDrA
qq
32 | Lokfr
vU; 'kCnkFkZ
le;kuqlkj
[kkl
le; osQ vuqlkj (according to time)

fo'ks"k (special)
vankkk
vkfo"dkj
[kRe
fujarj
vuqeku (guess)
[kkst (invention)
lekIr (end)
yxkrkj (continuous)
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- losjs txuk] ugkuk] rS;kj gksuk] uk'rk djuk] LowQy tkuk vkSj
okfil vkuk] LowQyksa osQ ihfj;M ftu fo"k;ksa dks v;kfidk th
i<+krh gSa] [ksyus dk le;] jkr dk Hkkstu vkSj lksus tSls gekjs
lHkh dke ?kM+h osQ lkFk tqM+s gq, gSaA
2- tc vkxfLVu viuh /kfeZd iqLrd dks 'kke osQ oDr i<+uk 'kq:
dj nsrs vkSj ftl le; i<+r&s i<+rs [kkl okD; ij vkrs] rks
nkSM+dj fxjks?kj dk ?kaVk ctk nsrs] bl rjg os fdrkc ls ?kM+h
dk dke djrs FksA
3- ;wuku osQ yksx le; dk vanktk [kaHks dh ijNkbZ dks ns[kdj
yxkrs FksA nksigj osQ le; [kaHks dh ijNkbZ de yach gksrh rFkk
lqcg vkSj 'kke [kaHks dh ijNkbZ ;knk yach gksrh gS] oqQN yksxksa
us pkj&ikp dne pys&pydj le; dks yackbZ ls ukikA bl
rjg ;wuku osQ yksx le; dk vankkk yxkrs Fks vkSj ijNkbZ dks
?kM+h dk ek;e cuk;kA
4- ^ty ?kM+h* dk vkfo"dkj phu esa gqvkA phu esa ,d iRFkj dh
lh<+h ij cM+h&cM+h rkcs dh osQrfy;k j[k nh tkrh FkhaA ikuh ,d
osQryh ls nwljh osQryh esa fxjrk FkkA ;s osQrfy;k Bhd pkSchl
?kaVksa esa [kRe gksrh FkhaA ogk ,d pkSdhnkj fu;qDr dj fn;k tkrk
Fkk] tks lcdks le; dh lwpuk nsrk FkkA bl rjg ;wukuoklh
ty?kM+h osQ lgkjs le; dk vuqeku yxkrs FksA
5- ;kaf=kd ?kfM+;k fcx VkWe vkSj fcx csu tSls oSKkfudksa us cukbA
nwjnf'kZrk
l geus ?kfM+;ksa dh nqdku ij tkdj rjg&rjg dh ?kfM+;k ns[kha tks
bl izdkj gSa %
1- ?kaVh okyh ?kM+htks izR;sd ?kaVk gksus ij ?kaVh ekjrh gSA
2- vykWeZ ?kM+hftl le; txuk gks le; fuf'pr dhft,A
3- oqqaQth ?kM+h] ftlesa pkch nh tkrh gSA
4- laxhre;h ?kM+h] tks xkuksa dh /qu lqukrh gSA
5- gkFk ?kM+h
6- nhokj ?kM+h
egxkbZ osQ ;qx esa lHkh ?kfM+;ksa dh dher cgqr T;knk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
1- ;fn ?kM+h u gksrh] rks ge viuk dksbZ Hkh dke le; ij ugha dj
ikrs] blosQ fcuk gekjh fnup;kZ vLr&O;Lr gks tkrh] gj dke
nsj ls gksrkA lekt esa gh mFky&iqFky ep tkrhA
2- gesa eqxsZ dh ckx okyh ?kM+h ilan gS] D;ksafd eqxsZ dh ckx dh
vkokt lqudj mldh rLohj vk[kksa osQ lkeus vkrh gS vkSj
,slk eglwl gksrk fd gekjs dejs esa eqxkZ txkus osQ fy, vk;k
gSA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
(d) nw/ cspus dk dke djus okyk
([k) vkfo"dkj djus okyk
(x) foKku dk Kkrk
(?k) igjsnkjh djus okyk
() ;wjksi esa jgus okyk
nw/okyk
vkfo"dkjd
oSKkfud
pkSdhnkj
;wjksfi;u
qq
8- eugwl twrs
vcw osQ lkjs iSls okil ykSVk fn, rFkk mlosQ vuks[ks twrksa dks vnkyr
osQ [kkkus eas tek djk fn;kA
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
bl dgkuh esa va/fo'oklh vyh vcw osQ twrksa osQ ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
gj ckj twrksa osQ iQVus ij vyh vcw mUgsa eksph ls Bhd djok ysrkA twrs
ij jax&fcjaxs iScna gh iScna yxs FksA oaQtwl vcw lcosQ dgus ij Hkh u,
twrs [kjhnus osQ fy, jkkh u gqvkA ,d ckj vf/d equkI+kQk dekus osQ
pDdj esa vyh vcw us b=kokys ls cgqr lkjk b=k [kjhndj f[kM+dh osQ
ikl ltk fn;kA ,d ckj vcw ugkus osQ fy, geke ij igqp
As muosQ nksLr
us twrksa dks ns[kdj VksdkA og twrs mrkjdj ugkus pyk x;kA mlosQ twrs
ljdrs&ljdrs nwj pys x,A vyh vcw us tgk twrs mrkjs ogk nwljs twrs
ns[k mUgsa igu fy;k vkSj lkspk fd muosQ nksLr us u, twrs ogk muosQ
fy, j[k fn,A os twrs cxnkn osQ dkkh osQ Fks] mUgsa ks/ vk x;kA mUgksaus
vcw dks vnkyr cqykdj ml ij pksjh dk bYkke yxk;kA mls Hkkjh
tqekZuk nsuk iM+kA xqLls esa vcw us twrs unh esa isaQd fn,A ,d eNqvkjs dks
og twrs feys mlus buke osQ ykyp esa mls ykSVkus x;kA ?kj esa rkyk
ikdj mlus og twrs f[kM+dh ls iaQas osQ vkSj b=k dh lkjh 'khf'k;k VwV xbA
bruk uqdlku ns[kdj vyh us twrs kehu esa xkM+us osQ fy, tSls gh kehu
[kksnuh 'kq: dhA pkSdhnkj mls idM+dj dkkh osQ ikl ys x;kA dkkh
us mls Hkkjh tqekZuk nsus osQ fy, dgkA xqLls esa vcw us tSls gh f[kM+dh
ls ckgj isQa dk og ,d cPps osQ flj ij yxkA vcw dks tqekZuk Hkjuk
iM+kA dkkh us psrkouh nh fd ;fn mlus xyrh dh rks mls tsy esa Mky
fn;k tk,xkA vxys fnu dkkh osQ ikl tkdj vcw us mlls lykg ysus
dh ckr dhA mlus dkkh osQ lkeus twrs j[k fn, vkSj dgk fd og mu
eugwl twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu gj ckj twrs fdlh u
fdlh rjg okil mlosQ ikl igqp
tkrs FksA foLrkj ls crkus ij dkth
dks mldh ckrksa ij fo'okl gqvkA
ewyHkko %
va/fo'oklh rFkk oaQtwl vcw osQ ek;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd iSls
cpkus osQ pDdj esa mls fdruk iSlk tqekZuk Hkjus esa nsuk iM+kA Bhd
gh dgk x;k gS^lwe (oaQtwl) dk /u 'kSrku [kkrk gSA*
dYiuk rFkk ckSn~f/d {kerk dh vfHko`n~f/ foosd'khyrk] lgh fu.kZ;
ysuk] cqn~f/ pkrq;]Z gkL;&fouksnA
izR;kLej.k] vius fopkjksa dks izdV djuk] ^fd* ;kstd 'kCn rFkk
^dh* laca/cks/d esa varj vius vuqHko dks izdV djukA
vU; 'kCnkFkZ
lqxfa /r
eqtfje
dkkh
lykg
gkfkj
foLrkj
e'kgwj
olwy
lqxa/ ls Hkjs (scented)

vijk/h (criminal)
ekSyoh (Muslim Judge)
jk;] lEefr (advice)
mifLFkr (present)
iSQyko (extend)
izfln~/ (famous)
izkIr gqvk (to collect)
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- vyh vcw vius iScna yxs twrs osQ fy, izfln~/ FkkA
2- dkkh us vyh vcw dks vnkyr esa blfy, cqyk;k Fkk] D;ksafd
mlus dkkh osQ u, twrs igu fy, FksA
3- vyh vcw us twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr rjhosQ
viuk,%
1- mlus eugwl twrksa dks unh esa isaQdkA
2- mlus eugwl twrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus osQ fy, kehu esa xkM+us osQ
fy, xM~<k [kksnkA
3- ckj&ckj tqekZuk Hkjrs jgus osQ dkj.k og ksf/r gks mBk vkSj
twrksa dks f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd fn;k] ysfdu gj ckj mls
fujk'kk gh feyh] ,slk yxrk Fkk fd twrs gh vyh vcw dks
NksM+asxs ughaA rHkh rks gj ckj okfil mlosQ ikl vk tkrs FksA
4- cPps osQ flj ij pksV] vyh vcw n~okjk xqLls esa f[kM+dh ls
ckgj twrs isaQdus osQ dkj.k yxhA
5- var esa dkkh us twrksa dks vnkyr osQ [kkkus esa tek djk
fn;kA
nwjnf'kZrk
l vyh vcw osQ twrksa dks eugwl dgk x;k] D;ksafd blosQ dkj.k
mls ckj&ckj vnkyr esa tkdj 'kenk gksuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj Hkkjh
tqekZuk Hkh Hkjuk iM+rk FkkA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l ;fn gesa vyh vcw osQ twrs feyrs rks ge mls fdlh xjhc vkneh
tks uaxs iSj pyrk gks] mls ns nsrsA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- ^fd* ;kstd 'kCn%
1- jke vius vkfI+kQl tk gh jgk Fkk fd mldk fe=k lksgu
jkLrs esa mlls Vdjk x;kA
2- 'khyk us viuh lgsyh ls dgk fd og dy f'keyk tk,xhA

2- ^dh* laca/dkjd %
1- ;g dkj jke dh gSA
2- lhrk dh lkM+h uhyh gSA
l lHkh cPpksa osQ vius&vius vuqHko gksaxsA
qq
9- c;k ls
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
egknsoh oekZ th us ^c;k ls* dfork n~okjk fpfM+;k vkSj cPpksa osQ e;
ckrphr dks n'kkZus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA c;k fpfM+;k ls uUgs&eqUus cPpksa
us dgk fd rqe frudk tksM+dj ps Mky ij ?kksalyk cukrh gks] rqEgsa
[ksrksa ls nkuk ykuk iM+rk gS vkSj ufn;ksa ls ikuh ykrh gks ij vc rqEgsa
ge yksx dgha nwj ugha tkus nsaxs] vius vkxu esa gh nkuk Hkj nsaxs vkSj
gkSk esa ikuh nsaxsA ge lc rsjs vaMksa dh fuxjkuh Hkh djsaxsA tc rsjs
cPps cMs+ gksdj nwj mM+us tk,xs rks rw vosQyh ugha jgsxh] ge lc rsjs
ikl ges'kk jgsaxsA
ewyHkko %
cPpksa osQ vanj dh ekuork dks n'kkZuk ,oa muosQ izse dks O;Dr djukA
n;k] eerk rFkk nwljksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks le>uk] if{k;ksa ls izseA
HkkokFkZ le>uk] if{k;ksa osQ fofHkUu ?kkslyksa dh tkudkjh] fojke&fpg~u]
mfpr fo'ks"k.k 'kCn&iz;ksx] Lo;a dks i{kh eku y?kq vuqPNsn ys[kuA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- c;k vius cPpksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dke djrh gS %
1- fruosQ ykdj ph Mkyksa ij yVdkrh gS vkSj egy cukrh
gSA
2- [ksrksa ls nkuk ykrh gSA
3- ufn;ksa ls ikuh Hkj dj ykrh gSA
4- vaMs lsrh gSA
2- cPps c;k osQ cPpksa osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djsaxs %
1- Hkkstu dh ryk'k esa nwj ugha tkus nsaxsA vkxu esa gh nkusa Hkj
nsxsa] rkfd c;k vkSj mlosQ cPps [kkuk [kk losaQA
2- ihus osQ fy, gkSk esa ehBk&ehBk ikuh Hkj nsaxsA
3- tc vaMksa ls uUgsa&uUgsa cPps fudysaxs] rks lc ckjh&ckjh
vkdj ns[kHkky o fuxjkuh dj ysaxsA
4- tc c;k osQ cPpksa osQ ij fudy vk,xs vkSj os mM+ tk,xs]
rc Hkh cPps mlosQ ikl jgsaxsA mls jksus ugha nsaxsA
3- tc c;k osQ cPpksa osQ ij fudy vk,xs vkSj os mM+ tk,xs] rc
c;k vius cPpksa dks ;kn djosQ jks,xhA
nwjnf'kZrk
l cPps ?kksalys Lo;a ,df=kr dj d{kk esa yVdk,A
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l ;fn ge i{kh gksrs rks fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djrs %
1- vkdk'k esa vius lkFkh if{k;ksa osQ lkFk nwj&nwj rd mM+ku
HkjrsA
2- gesa iSny pyuk gh ugha iM+rk] Nr ls] lM+d ;k dgha ls
mM+ tkrsA
3- vkkknh dk lgh vkuan ysrs vkSj gesa i<+kbZ ls Hkh NqV~Vh

fey tkrh] u isijksa dk >a>V gksrk vkSj u gh ?kj ls o LowQy
dh MkV [kkuh iM+rhA
4- clar osQ ekSle esa ge Hkh nwljs if{k;ksa osQ lkFk feydj
pha&pha djrs e/qj xku 'kq: dj nsrs] lkFk gh [kkrs&[ksyrs
vkSj jkr osQ le; isM+ ij cus vius ?kksl
a yksa esa lks tkrsA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- (!) foLe;kfncks/d
(]) vYifojke
(A) iw.kZ fojke
() ;kstd
2- (d) ph] ([k) gekjh] (x) ehBk&ehBk] (?k) uUgsaA
1- fpfM+;k ;g jax&fcjaxh gksrh gSA ;s nkusa vkSj jksVh osQ
VqdM+s [kkrh gS] 'kke osQ le; ?kksalyksa esa vkdj lks tkrh gSA
2- dks;y dks;y dk jax dkyk gksrk gS] ijarq cgqr e/qj
Loj esa xkrh gSA
3- mYyw mYyw dh Ropk esa dkys&dkys nkx gksrs gSaA ;g jkr
dks tkxrk gSA budh ukjsa rsk gksrh gSA
qq
10- ?keaMh dk flj uhpk

izfrikn~; fo"k; %
izLrqr izjs d&izlxa esa ckl osQ isM+ o tkequ osQ isM+ osQ chp okrkZyki ls
nksuksa osQ LoHkko dk ifjp; feyrk gSA ckl dk isM+ iryk o yphyk
FkkA vr% ftl fn'kk esa gok cgrh og mlh fn'kk esa >qd tkrk FkkA
mldh bl vknr dks ns[k tkequ dk isM+ mls mdlkrk gS fd og rks
gok dk xqyke gS] vr% Mjiksd gSA tkequ dk isM+ ?kea Mh gS] mls viuh
ekcwrh ij ?keaM gSA gok mu nksuksa osQ okrkZyki dks lqu ksf/r gks
tkrh gS vkSj vius osx ls tkequ dh tM+ ksa ij izgkj dj mls kjk'kk;h
dj nsrh gSA tkequ osQ isM+ us ckl osQ isM+ dh bl lykg dks ugha ekuk
Fkk fd rsk gok dk vknj djuk pkfg,A mldks blh dk nq"ifj.kke
Hkqxruk iM+ k A
ewyHkko %
tkequ o ckl osQ isM+ osQ okrkZyki n~okjk nksuksa isM+ksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij
izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr gok osQ osx o tkequ osQ isM+ osQ
kjk'kk;h gksus osQ ek;e ls ;gh lans'k fn;k x;k gS fd ?keaMh dk flj
dHkh&u&dHkh vo'; gh uhpk gksrk gSA uezrkiw.kZ O;ogkj o 'kfDr'kkyh
dk vknj djus esa gh le>nkjh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr ;g Hkh f'k{kk
feyrh gS fd fdlh dks Hkh dekksj ekudj mldh glh ugha mM+kuh
pkfg,A
?keaM O;fDr dk loZuk'k djus okyk rFkk lcls cM+k 'k=kq] uezrk O;fDr
osQ O;ogkj dk lcls cM+k vkHkw"k.k gSA o`{kksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk
ifjp; rFkk 'kfDr'kkyh dk vknj djus dh lykgA
tkequ rFkk ckl osQ isM+ dh tkudkjh nsuk] 'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] jpukRedrk]
vkRedFkkRed 'kSyh] dgkuh dyk dk izn'kZu] f;k vkSj dky
(Hkwrdky] orZeku dky] Hkfo";r~ dky)A
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- tkequ dk isM+ ekcwr FkkA mldh 'kk[kk, pkjksa vksj iSQyh gqbZ
42 | Lokfr
2345-
Fkha vkSj mls bl ckr ij ?keaM Fkk fd fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gok
mldk oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ldrhA
ckl dk isM+ gok osQ pyus ls blfy, >qd tkrk Fkk] D;ksafd
og iryk rFkk yphyk FkkA
tkequ osQ isM+ dk ;g ekuuk gS fd lalkj esa cyokuksa dk gh
cksyckyk gSA
rsk rwiQku vkus ls tkequ osQ isM+ dh tM+s fgydj dekksj gks
xbA gok dh rsk rkdr ls isM+ viuk lary
q u [kks cSBk vkSj og
/jk'kk;h gks x;kA
bl izsjd&izlax ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd gesa vgadkj ugha
djuk pkfg,A nwljksa dks dekksj le>dj mudh glh ugha
mM+ kuh pkfg,A gesa nwljksa osQ xq.kksa o 'kfDr dk lEeku djuk
pkfg,A ?kea M djus ls dHkh&u&dHkh gekjk flj uhpk vo';
gksrk gSA
nwjn'krk
l ;fn tkequ dk isM+ ckl osQ isM+ dh ckr eku ysrk rks gok mlls
ukjkk ugha gksrhA og ks/ esa u vkrh vkSj u gh tkequ osQ isM+
dk var gksrk] og viuh txg fVdk jgrkA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l
?keaMh dk flj uhpk

fdlh 'kgj esa jke] ';ke] eksgu rhu fe=k jgrs FksA rhuksa gh ,d
gh LowQy esa vkSj ,d gh d{kk esa i<+rs FksA jke osQ firk izsl esa
dke djrs Fks] ';ke osQ firk vkfI+kQl esa dke djrs vkSj eksgu
osQ firk dk viuk diM+ksa dk O;olk; FkkA vkfFkZd ekeys esa
eksgu vius nksuksa fe=kksa ls vPNk Fkk] ysfdu mldh ,d
dekksjh Fkh fd iSls osQ ?keaM vkSj bdykSrh (yM+dk) larku
gksus dh otg ls og vius ,d lkFkh fe=k jes'k dks uhph ukj
ls ns[krk FkkA [ksy&[ksy esa Hkh mls uhpk fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k

djrkA ckr&ckr ij iSls dk ?keaM fn[kkrk vkSj mldk vieku
djrkA
jes'k bl rjg osQ vieku dks lg rks tkrk] ysfdu izHkq ls
izkFkZuk djrk ^^gs Hkxou! bldh cqn~f/ Bhd dj nksA u tkus
fdldh vkg ysxkA**
jes'k osQ firk eknwjh djrs Fks] mlosQ NksVs&NksVs HkkbZ&cgu
FksA ek iM+ksl esa >kM+w&iksNk o crZu ektdj xqtkjk djrhA
cPpksa osQ vPNs laLdkj osQ dkj.k og [kq'k Hkh Fkh vkSj vk'kk
fy, Fkh fd dHkh rks fnu lq/jsaxs ghA
vpkud eksgu osQ firk dh iSQDVjh esa vkx yx xbZA
lc&oqQN ns[krs&ns[krs Lokgk gks x;kA bl vdLekr ?kVuk dks
os cnkZ'r u dj ik, vkSj py clsA firk dk lk;k gVrs gh]
eksgu ijs'kku gks x;k] mls viuh vrhr dh lkjh ?kVuk ;kn
vkus yxhA mlh le; jes'k ftlosQ ckjs esa eksgu us LoIu esa Hkh
ugha lkspk Fkk] oqQN lkeku] diM+s vkSj ek osQ n~okjk cuk, gq,
Hkkstu dks ysdj igqpkA eksgu us T;ksa gh mls ns[kk] mldh
vk[kksa ls vklw dh cjlkr gksus yxh vkSj og lqcdus yxkA
jes'k us eksgu dks <k<l c/k;k vkSj dgus yxk ^^HkkbZ eksgu!
fgEer ls dke yks! rqEgsa ek vkSj cgu 'khyk dks Hkh ns[kuk gS]
eSa rqEgkjs fy, oqQN yk;k gw] xjhc gw u] blfy, cgqr pkgrs
gq, Hkh rqEgkjs dke u vk ldkA** jes'k us tSls gh nsus osQ fy,
gkFk c<+k;k eksgu mlls xys yxdj jks iM+k vkSj dgk fd esjs
ladV dh bl ?kM+h esa nkSyrean fj'rsnkj Hkh ugha vk,] ftu ij
eq>s ukt FkkA**
O;kdj.k dh ckr
l (d) Hkwrdky] ([k) orZeku dky] (x) Hkfo";r~ dky]
(?k) Hkwrdky] () orZeku dky] (p) Hkfo";r~ dkyA
vkb,] vc] oqQN vkSj djsa

l cPps Lo;a jax Hkjsa] ftlesa muesa f;kRed vfHkO;fDr dk
fodkl gksxkA
qq
11- 'kkWfiax isQLVhoy (nqcbZ)

izfrikn~; fo"k; %
bl ikB osQ ek;e ls nqcbZ esa euk, tkus okys HkO; mRlo dh tkudkjh
jkspd <ax ls izLrqr dh xbZ gSA ;g isQLVhoy iwjs nqcbZ esa laiw.kZ HkO;rk
osQ lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA tuojh osQ e; ls ysdj iQjojh ekg osQ e;
rd ;g isQLVhoy pyrk gSA 40 ns'kksa osQ iSosfy;u] 25 'kkWfIakx eWky
vk/qfud vkSj uohure bysDVkfW ud mRikn vkSj HkO; lkaLfrd dk;Zeksa
dk vk;kstu blesa pkj pkn yxk nsrs gSAa fofHkUu dk;Zeksa rFkk izfr;ksfxrkvksa
dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA reke nqfu;k osQ dykdkj gj 'kke viuh
dykvksa n~okjk euksjatu djrs gSaA 40 ns'kksa osQ iSosfy;u vius ns'k osQ
gj jax osQ lkFk ekStwn gksrs gSaA bl isQLVhoy esa Hkkjrh; iSosfy;u dk
viuk vyx gh vkd"kZ.k gksrk gSA
gj o"kZ Hkkjrh; iSosfy;u ,d u, jax esa jaxk ukj vkrk gSA bl
mRlo dk vkuan ysus osQ fy, gj o"kZ lkjs fo'o ls yk[kksa dh la[;k
esa i;ZVd nqcbZ vkrs gSaA
ewyHkko %
nqcbZ esa euk, tkus okys HkO; mRlo dh tkudkjh nsuk gh bl ikB dk
ewy Hkko gSA
fofHkUu ns'kksa dh laLfr] [kku&iku vkSj ijaijk dh tkudkjh] mRloksa
dk egRRo vkSj i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsukA

mRlo dh HkO;rk ij fVIi.kh] fofHkUu ns'kksa dh tkudkjh] izR;;ksa dh
tkudkjh] laf/ dh vfrfjDr tkudkjh vkSj iBu] fp=kdkfjrkA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- nqcbZ 'kWkfIakx isQLVhoy lu~ 1996 esa ns;jk nqcbZ dh hd lkbM
ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA
2- nqcbZ 'kkWfIakx isQLVhoy tuojh ekg osQ e; ls ysdj iQjojh
ekg osQ e; rd yxrk gSA
3- nqcbZ 'kkWfIakx isQLVhoy osQ nkSjku nqcbZ osQ lkjs ckkkjksa] 'kgjksa vkSj
'kkWfiax eWkYl dks HkO; ltkoV osQ lkFk ltk;k tkrk gS]
txg&txg ij Lokxr n~okj gksrs gSaA izR;sd jkr dks txg&txg
ij vkfr'kckth dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA bUgha osQ nkSjku lksuk
ckkkj esa lksus dh [kjhn ij 1 ls 45 fdyks rd lksus osQ eqr
migkj] jkskkuk ,d ySDll dkj vkSj iwjs eghus 100 ls vf/d
dkjksa osQ buke fudkys tkrs gSaA
blesa (nqcbZ 'kkWfIakx isQLVhoy es)a 40 ns'kksa osQ iSofs y;u] 25
'kkWfIakx eWky] vk/qfud vkSj uohure bysDVWkfud oLrqvksa dk
mRiknu fn[kk;k tkrk gSA
lkaLfrd dk;Zeksa osQ vk;kstu osQ n~okjk vkuaniw.kZ [kjhnnkjh
gksrh gS rFkk yksxksa dk Hkjiwj euksjatu Hkh gksrk gSA
4- ^Xykscy foyst* esa ikfdLrku] caxyk ns'k] Hkkjr] phu] FkkbZySaM]
vizQhdk] flaxkiqj] lmnh vjc] drkj vkseku lfgr 40 ns'k Hkkx
ysrs gSaA
5- nqcbZ 'kkWfIakx isQLVhoy dh HkO;rk dk Js; ^la;qDr vjc
vehjkr* dh ljdkj rFkk nqcbZ osQ i;ZVu foHkkx dks tkrk gSA
nwjnf'kZrk
l gesa nqcbZ dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krkvksa us izHkkfor fd;k gS %
1- nqcbZ esa euk, tkus okys HkO; mRlo] ogk osQ yksxksa dk
[kku&iku] fofHkUu ns'kksa dh laLfr] ijaijk us izHkkfor fd;k
gSA
2- nqcbZ dks varjkZ"Vh; [;kfr fnykus esa nqcbZ dh ^la;qDr vjc
vehjkr dh ljdkj rFkk i;ZVu foHkkx us tks dk;Z fd, gSa]
muls ge izHkkfor gSaA
3- ogk osQ nqcbZ 'kWkfIakx isQLVhoy osQ mRlo] ltkoV] buke]
lkaLfrd dk;Zeksa osQ vk;kstu o mudh O;oLFkk us bl
mRlo esa pkj pkn yxk fn,A
4- nqcbZ esa fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ dykdkjksa dh os'kHkw"kk osQ lkFk
viuh dyk dk izn'kZu djuk] jksaxVsa [kM+s dj nsrk gSA
gj 'kke dks reke nqfu;k osQ dykdkjksa dh Vhe n~okjk
dykvksa dk izn'kZu n'kZdksa dk euksjatu rks djrk gh gS]
cPpksa dks Hkh glk&glkdj yksV&iksV dj nsrk gSA bUgha
fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k ge cgqr gh izHkkfor gq,A gj ckj ogk
tkus dks eu djrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
1- ge ikfdLrku] caxykns'k] ekWfj'kl] phu] nqcbZ] flaxkiqj] FkkbZyMaS ]
vizQhdk] vesfjdk] fczVus ] :l] tkiku] isfjl vkSj fLoVtjySMa
dks tkurs gSaA
2- ge lxkiqj ns'k dh ;k=kk djuk pkgsaxsA flaxkiqj cgqr gh lqanj
rFkk lkiQ&lqFkjk ns'k gSA ;gk ij vusd n'kZuh; LFky gSaA ;gk
osQ fo'ofon~;ky; iwjs fo'o esa izfln~/ gSAa
uksV% bl mRrj esa cPpksa dh viuh ilan Hkh gks ldrh gSA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
l uksV% cPps Lo;a izR;; rFkk laf/ osQ ckjs esa i<+sa rFkk le>saA
l cPps Lo;a esys dk fp=k cukdj jax Hkjsx
a s ftlls muosQ l`tukRed
Lo:i dk fodkl gksxkA
qq

cPpksa dks lkglh] cgknqj rFkk ifjJeh cuus dh izsj.kk nsuk] drZO;fu"B
cu lekt rFkk ns'k dh lsok djukA
izR;kLej.k] ik=k dk pfj=k&fp=k.k] laKk] fo'ks"k.k] f;k] iz'uksRrj]
fparu vkSj ys[ku] dkj.k tkuukA
12- cqjs iQls
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
/hjk ,d esgurh yM+osQ dh dgkuh gS] tks cgqr cgknqj vkSj lkglh
gSA og LowQy can gksus osQ ckn iSls dekus osQ fy, twrs ikWfy'k djrk
FkkA ,d ckj mlus lquk fd ,d pksj tkSgjh dh nqdku ls pksjh djosQ
Hkkx x;k gSA /hjk tkSgjh dh nqdku ij tkuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu xzkgd
osQ vkus osQ dkj.k og tk ugha ldkA /hjk twrk ikWfy'k djus cSB x;k
ij mldk eu pksjh dh ?kVuk dh vksj gh yxk gqvk FkkA flikfg;ksa dks
ns[krs gh xzkgd tYnh twrs ikWfy'k djus osQ fy, dgus yxkA twrk
ikWfy'k djrs le; /hjk us ns[kk fd twrs esa ls oqQN ckgj fudy jgk
FkkA tc xzkgd mls nsus osQ fy, cVq, esa ls jstxkjh fudky jgk Fkk]
rks mlus nksuksa twrksa osQ iQhrs vkil esa ck/ fn,A /hjk tYnh ls flikfg;ksa
osQ ikl igqpkA tc xzkgd Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k djus yxk rks og eqg
osQ cy fxjkA flikfg;ksa us mls idM+ fy;kA lksus dk oaQBk mlosQ twrs
esa ls fudykA /hjk dh cgqr iz'kalk gqbZA mls iqfyl] tkSgjh rFkk
LowQyokyksa ls Hkh iqjLdkj feykA

1- /hjk osQ firk th dk LoxZokl gks x;k FkkA mlosQ ifjokj esa
vk; dk dksbZ lk/u ugha Fkk] blfy, og LowQy can gks tkus osQ
ckn flusek gky osQ fudV cSBdj twrs ikWfy'k djosQ iSlk
dekrk Fkk vkSj ifjokj esa ek vkSj cgu dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrk
FkkA blh dkj.k ls /hjk dks ikWfy'k djus dk dke djuk iM+rk
FkkA
2- jkgxhj us /hjk dks ;g crk;k fd ,d pksj ftldh nk<+h Fkh]
og tkSgjh dh nqdku ls lksus dk ,d oaQBk pqjkdj Hkkx x;k
gSA
3- xzkgd osQ twrs ikWfy'k djus osQ ckn /hjk us nksuksa twrs osQ iQhrs
,d&nwljs osQ lkFk ck/ fn, vkSj yiddj flikfg;ksa osQ ikl
igqpkA
4- /hjk dh lw>&cw> ls pksj idM+k x;kA
5- gesa ;g dgkuh cgqr gh f'k{kkizn] euksjatd yxhA
ewyHkko %
cgknqj] lkglh vkSj esgurh /hjk osQ ek;e ls cPpksa dks lkglh o
esgurh cuus dh f'k{kk nh xbZ gSA
nwjnf'kZrk
1- xzkgd us /hjk ls dgk fd mls dksbZ tYnh ugha gS D;ksafd og
'kks osQ [kRe gksus ij] HkhM+ dh vkM+ esa Hkkxuk pkgrk Fkk]
okLro esa og xzkgd gh pksj FkkA
2- ikB osQ vk/kj ij /hjk osQ pfj=k dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk, gSa%

1- og esgurh yM+dk gS] tks firk osQ LoxZokl gks tkus ij
viuh ek vkSj cgu dh ftEesnkjh dks vYi vk;q esa gh
lHkkys gq, gSA
2- LowQy dh i<+kbZ osQ lkFk&lkFk og twrs iWkfy'k dk dke
djosQ bZekunkjh ls iSlk dekuk pkgrk gSA
3- mlesa lkglh o lw>&cw> dh Hkkouk owQV&owQV dj Hkjh gqbZ gSA
4- og nwjn'khZ Hkh gS] rHkh rks mlus nksuksa twrs osQ iQhrs dks ck/
fn, vkSj iqfyl okyksa dks cqykus osQ fy, pyk x;kA mls
ekywe Fkk fd xzkgd Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k vo'; gh djsxkA
5- viuh fuLokFkZ drZO;&Hkkouk osQ dkj.k gh mlus pksj dks
idM+ok;k vkSj iqfyl] tkSgjh vkSj LowQyokyksa dh ukj esa
iz'kalk dk ik=k cukA
6- /hjk us ;g fln~/ dj fn;k fd mez fdlh Hkh dk;Z esa
ckkd ugha gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
1- ;fn /hjk xzkgd osQ twrksa osQ iQhrs u ck/rk rks pksj Hkkx tkrkA
2- ;fn ge /hjk dh kxg gksrs rks ogh djrs tks /hjk us fd;k gSA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
l laKk
/hjk] yM+dk
firk] ek
fo'ks"k.k
esgurh
NksVk
cgu]
cgqr
>qXxh] LowQy] iSls
iqjkuh
flusek gky] twr]s LowQy
f;k
gks x;k Fkk] jgrk Fkk]
dekus osQ fy,
ikWfy'k djus dk dke
djrk FkkA
jgrk FkkA
can gksus osQ ckn

l
cPps Lo; djsaxs] ftlls fd mudh ckSn~f/d {kerk dk

fodkl gksxkA
qq
13- ljdl
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
dfo o mldk fe=k ,d fnu ljdl ns[kus x,A ljdl esa ca nj dk
euq";ksa tSlk O;ogkj ns[kk tSls iqLrd [kksyuk] pqjV tykuk] dksM+k
pykuk bR;kfnA blosQ vfrfjDr flag vkSj euq"; dh yM+kbZ ns[k
ys[kd vk'p;Zpfdr gks x;kA mlus lkspk euq"; 'ksj ls vf/d
lkglh gS] rc mlosQ fe=k us mls bl lPpkbZ ls ifjfpr djk;k fd
'ksj Mjiksd ugha gS] ija rq mls cpiu ls oSQn dj ljdl okyksa us
ekj&ekjdj mls ;g djrc fl[kk, gSaA bldh nqnZ'kk ns[kdj fe=k
dks ml ij n;k vkrh gSA ;s tkuoj oSQnh gSaA buls LoPNa n thus dk
vfkdkj Nhu fy;k x;k gSA
ewyHkko %
^ljdl* dfork esa ,d vksj ljdl osQ i'kq&if{k;ksa vkSj tkuojksa osQ
vk'p;Zpfdr djus okys djrcksa ls ifjfpr djk;k x;k gS rks nwljh
vksj bu ij fd, x, vR;kpkjksa rFkk budh ijra=krk osQ izfr nq%[k
O;Dr djrs gq, buosQ izfr lgkuqHkwfr j[kus dk la ns'k fn;k x;k gSA
ifjJe rFkk tksf[+ke Hkjs dk;ks dh izsj.kk] i'kq&if{k;ksa ij n;k&Hkko
izdV djus dh izsj.kk nsuk] [kwa[kkj tkuojksa osQ vk'p;Zpfdr djus okys
djrcksa ls ifjfpr djkuk rFkk ijra =k thou osQ nq%[k dh vksj laosQr
djukA

'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] fp=kkRed o.kZu] dkO;&ia fDr;k iwjh djuk] ljdl
esa ns[ks n`';ksa dk o.kZu] lgh 'kCnksa osQ tksM+s cukuk] jax HkjukA
dkO;&iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ %
l Hk; foLe; osQ [ksy vuks[ksA
ns[ks cgq vk;ke vuks[ksAA
tc dfo ftKklko'k ljdl ns[kus x;k rc mlus fofHkUu i'kq&if{k;ksa
osQ vuks[ks [ksy ns[ks] tks vk'p;Zpfdr djus okys FksA mlus ljdl
dh jaxhu nqfu;k] mlosQ [ksy&rek'ks vkSj bl jaxhuh osQ ihNs fNih
lPpkbZ dks Hkh ns[kkA
l vius dks Hkh Hkwy x;k gSA
dfo osQ ;g dgus ij fd euq"; 'ksj ls Hkh lkglh gks x;k gS] rc
mldk fe=k mls le>krk gS fd 'ksj rks tUe ls gh lkglh gS] ija rq tc
og NksVk Fkk rHkh mls idM+ dj oSQn dj fy;k x;k vkSj ekj&ekjdj
lc oqQN fl[kk;k x;kA og dHkh LoPNan jgk gh ugha] blfy, viuh
LoHkkoxr fo'ks"krkvksa ls foijhr O;ogkj djrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- dfo ftKklko'k ljdl ns[kus x;kA
2- canj ySia tykdj oqQjlh ij cSB iqLrd i<+us yxk] fiQj ?kksMs+ osQ
cPps dks pkcqoQ fn[kkdj mldh ihB ij p<+ dj jLlh iQknh]
pDdj yxk;k vkSj fiQj oqQjlh ij cSB ekfpl ls pqjV tykdj
/qvk mM+k;kA bl izdkj canj us vusd djrc fn[kk,A
3- rksrs us ca nj n~okjk tykbZ xbZ ekfpl dh v/tyh rhyh ls rksi
pykbZA
4- ,d euq"; flag dks idM+ dj yk;kA
5- dfo osQ fe=k dks 'ksj ij n;k vkbZ] D;ksafd cpiu ls mls oSQn
esa j[kk x;k vkSj ekj&ekjdj lc oqQN fl[kk;k x;kA ftlosQ

dkj.k og vius LoHkko] xq.k rFkk Lora =krk dks Hkwy gh x;k
gSA
dfork dh iafDr;k iwjh djks
l cPps Lo;a ia fDr;k i<+ dj mRrj nsaxsA
nwjn'krk
l cPps Lo;a vius vuqHkoksa osQ vk/kj ij mRrj nsaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
l cPps vius cqnf~ / dkS'ky ls fofHkUu dfBukb;ksa dh dYiuk djosQ
mRrj nsaxs_ tSls %
Mj ij dkcw ikuk
th&rksM+ esgur djuk
oSQn esa jguk
vk, fnu pksV yxuk vkfnA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
l vk;k
tyk;k
[kksyh
cksyh
?kksM+k
dksM+k
isQjk
cNsjk
likVk
dkVk
yM+ kbZ
cM+ kbZ
Mjrk
djrk
l tksdj esa viuh l`tukRedrk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, cPps Lo;a ja x
HkjsaxsA
qq
14- ekLVj th
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
izLrqr ukVd êkLVj th* esa johanzukFk BkoqQj th us 'kSrku f'k"; dh
'kSrkuh rFkk xq# osQ i<+ kus osQ <ax dh ppkZ djrs gq, ,d eksnkj
dgkuh dk rkuk&ckuk cquk gSA vt; ckcw vius iq=k e/qlwnu dh i<+ kbZ
osQ ckjs esa mlosQ ekLVj th eFkqjkuan ls ckr djrs gSaA igys&igy rks
eFkqjkuan th e/qlnw u dh iz'kalk djrs gS]a ij e/qlnw u eu&gh&eu ,d
fnu igys iM+ h ekj dk cnyk ysus dh Bku pqdk Fkk blfy, og fdlh
Hkh iz'u dk lgh tokc ugha nsrkA eFkqjkuan th mlosQ mYVs&lhks tokc
nsrs ns[k xqLls esa vk tkrs gSa vkSj vt; ckcw osQ lkeus gh mls csra ls ekjus
dh /edh nsrs gSaA ;g ns[k vt; ckcw ekLVj lkgc dks ;g dgdj
fonk djrs gSa fd ekjus ls i<+ kbZ ugha gksrhA os bls [kqn gh i<+ k ysaxsA
ewyHkko %
cPpksa dh cky lqyHk 'kSrkfu;ksa rFkk ekj&ihV osQ LFkku ij I;kj o
le>nkjh ls dke ysus dk lans'k bl y?kq ukVd osQ ek;e ls fn;k
x;k gSA gydk&iqQydk gkL; dk jax Hkh vk x;k gSA ekj&ihV djus
ls e/qlwnu <hB cu tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i gksf'k;kj gksrs gq, Hkh og
tku&cw>dj xyr mRrj nsrk gSA xyr mRrjksa esa Hkh mldh rh{.k cqn~f/
dk ifjp; feyrk gSA V~;w'ku osQ gkfu&ykHk ij xaHkhj foospukA
cPpksa osQ ewyHkwr LoHkko dk ifjp;] foosd'khyrk] lgh le; ij lgh
fu.kZ; ysuk vko';d] cqn~f/ pkrq;Z] gkL;&fouksn rFkk dBksj vuq'kklu
o ekjus&ihVus osQ nq"ifj.kkeA
'kCnkFkZ] iz'uksRrj] fdlus] fdlls dgk] vius fopkj izdV djus dh
'kfDr] V~;w'ku dh ykHk rFkk gkfu;ksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ] ekud Hkk"kk]

la okn&;kstuk rFkk vfHku; ea puA
l x/s dks ihVdj ?kksM+k ugha cuk;k tk ldrk] ij vDlj
?kksM+k fiVrs&fiVrs x/k gks tkrk gSA
tc vt; ckcw us ns[kk fd e/qlwnu osQ tku&cw>dj xyr tokc
nsus ij eFkqjkuan th mls ckj&ckj csar fn[kkdj ekjus dh /edh ns
jgs gSa rc og ekLVj th dks le>krs gq, dgrs gSa fd ftl izdkj
x/s dks ihVus ls og ?kksM+k ugha cu tk,xkA mlh izdkj ekj&ihVdj
cPpksa esa cqn~f/cy ugha yk;k tk ldrkA ekjus o dBksj O;ogkj
djus ls ?kksM+k Hkh <hB cu tkrk gS vkSj x/s dh rjg vdeZ.; gks
tkrk gSA mlh izdkj cPps dks Hkh ekjus&ihVus ls og fkn~nh vkSj
ozQks/h cu tkrs gSaA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- vt; ckcw e/qlwnu osQ Kku dks ij[kuk pkgrs FksA os ns[kuk
pkgrs Fks fd ekLVj th osQ i<+kus ls mlus fdruk lh[kk] blfy,
og e/qlnw u ls loky iwN jgs FksA
2- ,d fnu igys ekLVj th us e/qlwnu dks ekjk FkkA og ekLVj
th ls cnyk ysuk pkgrk Fkk] blfy, mlus xyr tokc nsus dk
iSQlyk fd;kA
3- e/qlwnu ekj [kkus ls fkn~nh gks x;k Fkk] blfy, og fdlh Hkh
iz'u dk mRrj Bhd rjhosQ ls ugha ns jgk FkkA
4- e/qlwnu ,d gksf'k;kj ckyd FkkA mlus lHkh iz'uksa osQ mRrj
xyr fn,A ftlls ekLVj th mls ekjsa vkSj firk th dks lPpkbZ
irk pysA ekLVj th cPpksa dks ekj&ekj dj i<+kbZ djokrs FksA
fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\

1- vt; ckcw us eFkqjkuan th ls dgkA
2- vt; ckcw us e/qlwnu ls dgkA
3- eFkqjkuan us e/qlwnu dks dgkA
4- e/qlwnu us eFkqjkuan ls dgkA
5- vt;ckcw us e/qlwnu ls iwNkA
nwjn'krk
V~;w'ku osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSa%
1- d{kk esa tks le> esa ugha vkrk gS] mls ge V~;w'ku esa le>
ysrs gSaA
2- V~;w'ku esa v;kid fo"k; dks dbZ ckj iwNus ij Hkh crk nsrs
gSaA
3- V~;w'ku esa i<+us okys Nk=kksa ls nksLrh gksrh gSA ;gk ij nksLrh
lg;ksx dh Hkkouk ls gksrh gSA
4- Vhpj lokyksa osQ mRrj [kqn fy[k dj nsrs gSa] le>krs gSa]
D;ksafd mudh vkenuh dk L=kksr fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ls
gSA
5- vkil esa izfr;ksfxrk dh Hkkouk gksrh gSA
6- FkksM+s&FkksM+s xzqi esa i<+us ls v;kid cPpksa ij vf/d ;ku
nsrs gSa rFkk og mudh detksfj;ksa dks crkrs gSaA
V~;w'ku i<+us ls gkfu;k
1- Lo;a i<+us dh Hkkouk [kRe gksrh gSA tc ge fdlh Hkh fo"k;
osQ ikB dks ckj&ckj i<+rs gSa rks dksbZ u dksbZ u;k vFkZ k:j
fudyrk gS vkSj ge viuh leL;k dks uksV djosQ d{kk esa
v;kid ls iwN ldrs gSaA
56 | Lokfr
2- idh&idkbZ f[kpM+h feyrh gS] ;kuh fd gj iz'u dk mRrj

rS;kj djosQ v;kid fon~;kFkhZ dks crkrk gS] esgur djus ls
NqVVh fey tkrh gSA
3- V~;w'ku i<+us ls ekrk&firk ij vkfFkZd cks> c<+ tkrk gSA
ekrk&firk de ctV gksus ij Hkh cPpksa dks V~;w'ku i<+kuk k:jh
le>rs gSa] dgha u dgha ls dVkSrh djosQ vius cPps dks d{kk
esa izFke LFkku ij ns[kuk ilan djrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
1- (i) ;fn ge e/qlwnu dh txg gksrs rks ihVus dk fojks/
djrsA
(ii) fuMjrk osQ lkFk e/qj opuksa ls dgrs ^^lj! vxj vki
gesa ekjsxa s rks ge viuh i<+kbZ lac/
a h iz'u dk gy iwNus
dk lkgl oSQls dj losaQxsA**
(iii) Mjus ls gekjs vanj nCcwiu dh Hkkouk vk tk,xh vkSj
lekt esa xyr ckrksa dk fojks/ ugha dj ik,xs\
2- vt; ckcw us ekLVj th dks fudkydj vPNk dke fd;k]
D;ksafd mudk csVk e/qlwnu i<+ kbZ esa gksf'k;kj Fkk ij oqQN
'kjkjrh Hkh FkkA ekLVj th osQ dBksj O;ogkj o ekj&ihV ls og
fkn~nh cu ldrk Fkk rFkk mlesa i<+kbZ osQ izfr #[kkiu vk
ldrk FkkA vr% e/qlwnu dh HkykbZ gsrq ekLVj th dks fudkyuk
gh lgh fu.kZ; FkkA
3- cPpksa dks ekjuk xyr dk;Z gSA ekjus ls mUgsa lq/kjk ugha tk
ldrkA izes iw.kZ O;ogkj o oqQ'kyrk dk lgkjk ys cPpksa dks lq/kjk
tk ldrk gSA ekj&ihV fdlh Hkh izdkj ls leL;k dk gy ughaA
blls cPps ekufld euksfodkj osQ f'kdkj gks ldrs gSAa
O;kdj.k dh ckr
l cPps Lo;a izkphu o uohu :i osQ va rj dks i<+dj le>saxsA

l cPps ,dkadh dk vfHku; d{kk esa v;kfidk dh lgk;rk ls
djsaxsA
qq
15- izk;f'pr
izfrikn~; fo"k; %
îzk;f'pr* dgkuh dk dFkkud dcjh fcYyh osQ vkl&ikl ?kwerk gSA
jkew dh cgw dcjh fcYyh osQ mRikr ls cgqr ijs'kku FkhA ,d fnu tc
dcjh fcYyh us [khj esa eqg Mkydj mldk lR;kuk'k dj Mkyk rc
xqLls esa jkew dh cgw us diM+s /ksus dk ikVk fcYyh osQ ij ns ekjkA
fcYyh ogha vpsr gks xbZA lkl vkSj ukSdjkuh us le>k fd cgw us
fcYyh dh gR;k dj nh gSA th dks mUgsa ywVus dk ekSdk fey x;kA
Hkko&rkSy djkus osQ ckotwn Hkh X;kjg rksys lksus dh fcYyh] bDdhl
fnu osQ iwtk&ikB osQ fy, pkoy] xsgw bR;kfn [kkus&ihus dh lkexzh]
czkg~e.kksa osQ Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk djuk r; gks x;k fd vpkud egjh
vkdj crkrh gS fd fcYyh rks mBdj pyh xbZA ykyph ia fMr gkFk
eyrs jg x, vkSj ?kjokyksa us pSu dh lkl yhA
ewyHkko %
îzk;f'pr* dgkuh esa /kfeZd va/fo'oklksa ij izgkj djrs gq, czkg~e.k
oxZ dh LokFkZo`fRr rFkk muosQ ykyphiu dh o`fRr ij O;aX; fd;k x;k
gSA ukSdjkuh o lkl dh ija ijkxr lksp dk I +kQk;nk mBkrs gq,] ijelq[k
dk izk;f'pr dk Mj fn[kkdj mUgsa fofHkUu deZdkaMksa dh yach
isQgfjLr idM+ kuk] mldh ykyph izof` Rr o ifjokjokyksa osQ :f<+ oknh
gksus dk laosQr nsrk gSA
58 | Lokfr

iqjkuh /kj.kkvksa rFkk va/fo'oklksa dk [kaMu] tkx:d gksus dh izsj.kk]
ykyph yksxksa ij O;aX; rFkk nSfud thou esa fcYyh osQ mRikrksa ls
mRiUu gkL;&fouksn dh ljlrkA
izR;kLej.k] iz'uksa osQ mRrj] foykse 'kCn] eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ] izk;f'pr ij
vius fopkj nsuk] vuqLokj yxkdj rFkk gVkdj 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ esa
fHkUurk tkuuk] oLrqvksa osQ eki&rksy dh tkudkjhA
l vc rks tks ukp upkvksxs] ukpuk gh gksxkA
ijelq[k us fcYyh dh gR;k gsrq izk;f'pr dk tks fo/ku crk;k]
og bruk [kphZyk Fkk fd jkew dh ek dg mBh fd etcwjh gSA vr%
ijelq[k th us Hkh ekSoQs dk I +kQk;nk mBk;k gSA vc gR;k dk iki flj
ls /ksus osQ fy, dksbZ vkSj jkLrk ugha cpkA vr% vc rks ijelq[k th
tks&tks djus dks dgsaxs djuk gh iM+ sxkA
ikB~;iqLrd dk vH;kl
1- fcYyh dk uke dcjh FkkA
2- jkew dh cgw dcjh fcYyh ls blfy, ?k`.kk djrh Fkh] D;ksafd
tc ls og ?kj esa vkbZ gS dcjh fcYyh us rc ls vius /eksa
ls mldh ukd esa ne dj j[kk gSA ftlls mldks ,d iy Hkh
vkjke ugha feykA
3- feljkuh us [kkuk cukus ls badkj dj fn;k] D;ksafd mldk ekuuk
Fkk fd fcYyh dh gR;k vkneh dh gR;k osQ cjkcj gksrh gSA
vr% tc rd cgw osQ flj ij gR;k jgsxh] og jlksbZ ugha

cuk,xhA
4- ijelq[k th us jkew dh ek dh fpark nwj djus osQ fy, izk;f'pr
dk fo/ku crk;kA ftlesa mUgksaus ,d lksus dh fcYyh dk nku
o bDdhl fnu dk ikB mik; osQ :i esa crk;kA
5- ijelq[k th bl ckr ls [kq'k Fks fd mUgsa izk;f'pr osQ cgkus
viuk isV Hkjus o LokFkZ iwfrZ dk ekSdk feyk gSA blosQ fy, jkew
dh ek rS;kj Hkh gks xbZ Fkh] ijarq vpkud egjh osQ ;g dgus
ij fd fcYyh rks mBdj Hkkx xbZ] ijelq[k th dh [kq'kh dk
var gks x;k] D;ksafd vc rks mUgsa ,d iSlk feyus dh Hkh mEehn
ugha FkhA
nwjn'krk
1- dcwrj] oqQRrk] pwgk] canj] fpfM+;k] fcYyhA
2- cPps vius&vius vuqHko crk,xs_ tSls&
(1) ,sls <ksaxh ykyph O;fDr;ksa ls iwtk&ikB ugha djkuk
pkfg,A
(2) tks ykyph O;fDr osQoy Lo;a dh LokFkZ fln~/h osQ fy,
iwtk djokrs gSa vkSj ;teku dks Bxrs gSa] ,sls Bxksa ls nwj
gh jguk pkfg,A
3- izk;f'pr osQoy nku osQ n~okjk gh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA okLro
esa viuh xyrh dk vglkl gksuk gh izk;f'pr gSA fdlh xjhc
dh enn djosQ] fdlh jksxh dh lsok djosQ rFkk fdlh fiz;
oLrq dk R;kx djosQ Hkh izk;f'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
1- ;fn ge ijelq[k th dh txg gksrs rks izk;f'pr osQ fy, bruh
cM+h oLrqvksa dh ekx ugha djrsA ifjokjokyksa osQ eu dh 'kkafr
osQ fy, FkksM+k cgqr lkeku ysdj 'kkafr ikB djok nsrs] rkfd
ifjokj o lekt osQ yksx gesa vknj dh n`f"V ls ns[ksaA
2- (1) gk! gels vutkus esa vijk/ gqvk gSA
(2) dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tku&cw>dj vijk/ ugha djrk gSA
(3) vutkus esa gq, vijk/ dks Hkxoku Hkh ekI+kQ djrk gSA
(4) tkudj fd, x, vijk/ dks dksbZ Hkh ekI+kQ ugha djrkA
(5) geus vius vijk/ dk izk;f'pr vusd viax fHk[kkfj;ksa
dks [kkuk f[kykdj fd;k gS rFkk gekjs eu dks 'kkafr
feyh fd pyks dksbZ iq.; dk;Z rks blh cgkus gqvkA
O;kdj.k dh ckr
1- izes ?k`.kk
lko/ku vlko/ku
NksVh cM+h
vPNk cqjk
'kq: [kre
LoxZ ujd
2- [+kw u lokj gksukgR;k djus dk bPNqd gksukA
dej dlukrS;kj gksukA
Ba Mh lkl ysuklksp&fopkj esa mnkl gksukA
tys ij ued fNM+ duknq[kh dks vkSj nq[k nsukA
3- pkSd
gSa
?kVk
;gha
ogh
la r
Fkh
ean
ip
oqQN 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ esa varj vk tkrk gSA oqQN 'kCnksa dk opu
cny tkrk gS_ tSlsFkha (cgqopu)] Fkh (,dopu)] iap
(fo'ks"k.k)] ip (f;k)A

1- ykyph]
eksV]s
2- lsc fdyks
nw/ yhVj
diM+ k ehVj
pknh xzke
rsy yhVj
gksf'k;kj]
Lokfr (Hkkx&7)
va /fo'oklhA
1- egkiq#"k dgykrs os
qq
izfrikn; fo"k; %
lw;Z osQ fudyrs gh va/dkj nwj gks tkrk gS] pkjksa rjiQ+ jks'kuh iSQy
tkrh gSA lw;Z dh fdj.ksa /jrh ij vk tkrh gSaA dfy;k f[kyus yxrh
gSa] i{kh pgpgkus yxrs gSaA gfj;kyh ij fxjh gqbZ vksl dh cwns eksrh
dh rjg pedus yxrh gSaA pjokgs i'kqvksa dks pjkus osQ fy, ysdj py
iM+sA jkLrs ij yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk 'kq: gks tkrk gSA lw;Z dHkh eqg
dks [kksydj lcdks dk;Z esa tqVus osQ fy, ugha dgrkA mlosQ n'kZu
ikdj lc euq"; vius deZ esa tqV tkrs gSaA tks euq"; rst ls ;qDr gksrs
gSa] ogh egkiq#"k dgykrs gSaA os vkyL; ls nwj jgrs gSaA euq"; dks Hkh
lwjt dh rjg neduk pkfg,A ,sls dke djus pkfg,] ftlls lc [kq'k
gks tk, rFkk izsfjr gksdj lc dkeksa esa tqV tk,A
ewyHkko %
deZfu"B cudj nwljksa dks Hkh deZ djus dh izsj.kk nsukA lw;Z osQ leku
rstLoh cudj nwljksa dks Hkh izsfjr djukA
egkiq#"kksa osQ thou ls izsfjr gksdj muosQ tSlk cuuk] vkyL; R;kxdj
deZfu"B cuukA lw;Z dh rjg izdk'keku cuukA
62 | Lokfr
HkkokFkZ dks le>uk] iz'uksa osQ mRrj] y?kq vuqPNsn ys[ku] dfork esa
rqdcanh] y; o xfr osQ iz;ksx dks le>uk] i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa rFkk
egkiq#"kksa osQ uke vkSj muosQ dk;ks ls ifjfpr gksukA

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esjh fga nh % I;kjh fga nh

f'k{kd&nf'kZdk dh vko';drk D;ksa\

6- ljykFkZdfBu xn~; rFkk dkO;&ia fDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ fn;k

2- /jrh ij gh taxy ik, tkrs gSa] tgk ls fofHkUu izdkj osQ

2- isM+&ikS/s] taxyksa esa dbZ izdkj dh tM+h&cwVh nsus dk dk;Z djrs

gesa muosQ fy, fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djus pkfg,

5- cSadksa ls vklku fd'rksa ij .k dh lqfo/k iznku djsaxs]

vkb,] vc oqqQN vkSj djsa %

2- gekjs lkFkhgekjk thou

(d) ] ([k) ] (x) ] (?k) ] () A

3- yksVk Hkj ikuh

xktj foVkfeu ^,*] ikyd yksg&rRo] uhacw foVkfeu ^lh*]

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh

lfCk;k] tks eq>s vPNh

dfBu iafDr;ksa dk ljykFkZ %

([k) lezkV v'kksd] floaQnj]

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %

5- ge vius ekrk&firk ls mruk gh I;kj djrs gSa ftruk rhljh

vxj gekjs Hkkstu esa lc ehBk&gh&ehBk ;k iQhdk&gh&iQhdk

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

5- D;k dgk dfBu gS dke

thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %

6- budh lksp udkjkRed gksrh gS rFkk buosQ vkl&ikl osQ yksx o

6- dkSvk vkSj dks;y

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

olar rq rqvksa dk jktk gSA

Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %

le; osQ vuqlkj (according to time)

Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) | 35

lqxa/ ls Hkjs (scented)

2- 'khyk us viuh lgsyh ls dgk fd og dy f'keyk tk,xhA

3- vkkknh dk lgh vkuan ysrs vkSj gesa i<+kbZ ls Hkh NqV~Vh

10- ?keaMh dk flj uhpk

?keaMh dk flj uhpk

ls ns[krk FkkA [ksy&[ksy esa Hkh mls uhpk fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k

vkb,] vc] oqQN vkSj djsa

11- 'kkWfiax isQLVhoy (nqcbZ)

Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %

thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %

12- cqjs iQls

vkb,] ns[ksa vkius D;k&D;k tkuk\

2- ikB osQ vk/kj ij /hjk osQ pfj=k dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk, gSa%

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

cPps Lo; djsaxs] ftlls fd mudh ckSn~f/d {kerk dk

Hkk"kkxr ;ksX;rk, vkSj dkS'ky %

esa j[kk x;k vkSj ekj&ekjdj lc oqQN fl[kk;k x;kA ftlosQ

Lokfr % f'k{kd&nf'kZdk (Hkkx&2) | 53

'kfDr] V~;w'ku dh ykHk rFkk gkfu;ksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ] ekud Hkk"kk]

fdlus dgk\ fdlls dgk\

2- idh&idkbZ f[kpM+h feyrh gS] ;kuh fd gj iz'u dk mRrj

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

thou&ewY; vkSj n`f"Vdks.k %

vr% tc rd cgw osQ flj ij gR;k jgsxh] og jlksbZ ugha

vkb,] vc oqQN vkSj djsa

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