Important Vector notations in electromagnetism

1.
2.

( E ) ( E ) E
2

div grad S =

3.
4.

2S

( S V ) S( V ) V ( S )

curl grad = 0

( ) 0

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Theorems in vector fields

Gauss Divergence Theorem

It relates the volume integral of the divergence of a vector

V to the surface integral of the vector itself.
According to this theorem, if a closed S bounds a volume
, then

div V) d

= V ds

(or)

V
)
d

ds

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Stokes Theorem
It relates the surface integral of the curl of a

vector to the line integral of the vector itself.

According to this theorem, for a closed path
C bounds a surface S,

(curl V) ds =

V dl

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Maxwells Equations
Maxwells equations combine the fundamental
laws of electricity and magnetism .
The are profound importance in the analysis of
most electromagnetic wave problems.
These equations are the mathematical
abstractions of certain experimentally observed facts
and find their application to all sorts of problem in
electromagnetism.
Maxwells equations are derived from Amperes
law, Faradays law and Gauss law.
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Maxwells Equations Summary

Maxwells
Equations
1. Equation from
electrostatics
2. Equation from
magnetostatics
3. Equation from
Faradays law
4. Equation from
Ampere
circuital law

Differential form

.D

Integral form

D .ds dv
s

.B 0

B .ds

B
E
t
D
H E
t
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E . dl
s

B
.ds
t

D
H .dl ( E t ).ds
l
s
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Maxwells equation: Derivation

Maxwells First Equation
If the charge is distributed over a volume V.
Let be the volume density of the charge,
then the charge q is given by,

q=

dv
v

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