Maxwells equation: Derivation

Maxwells First Equation

If the charge is distributed over a volume V.
Let be the volume density of the charge,
then the charge q is given by,

q=

dv
v

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The integral form of Gauss law is,

11
EE ds
ds
dv
dv

ss
00 v v

(1)

By using divergence theorem

E ds

( E ) dv

(2)

From equations (1) and (2),

1
( E )dv dv
0 v
v
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(3)
21

(4)
(4)

div

div E
0

(5)

(5)

Electric displacement vector is

D 0 E

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(6)

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Eqn(5)

div
E

div
E

0
00
00
(or) div ( 0 E )

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 D
((
D ))

(7)

This is the differential form of Maxwells I Equation.

From Gauss law

in integral form

s 0 Es 0 E

D
ds

s ds
D

ds
ds dv
dv
vv

dv

dv

v
v

This is the integral form of Maxwells I Equation

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Maxwells Second Equation

From Biot -Savart law of electromagnetism, the
magnetic induction at any point due to a current
element,
o idl sin

dB =

r2

(1)

0
0
In vector notation,dB
( idl r )
(
idl

r
)
=
2
4 r
4 r 3

Therefore, the total induction

^
0i
1
( 2 .dl r )

4
r

(2)

This is Biot Savart law.

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