CANDIDATE NAME

CLASS

INDEX NUMBER

6C
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
Higher 1
YEAR 6 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

GENERAL PAPER

8806/02

Paper 2

31 August 2011

INSERT
1 hour 30 minutes
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This Insert contains the passage for Paper 2.

This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

[Turn over
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2
Jean Jacquard considers the place of fashion in the modern world.
1

In Lauren Weisbergers novel The Devil Wears Prada, wide-eyed girl Andrea Sachs is hired as
assistant to a wicked Miranda Priestly, a high profile and enviably successful editor of Runway
magazine. It does not take long for Sachs to realise that her job, which countless girls would die
for, may just kill her, for Priestly epitomises the boss from hell: she is verbally abusive to her
staff, disdainful to their lack of intelligence, unsympathetic to their predicament and 5
uncompromising on the impracticable tasks she delegates. Moreover, striving to stay at the top
of the industry and to achieve the bottom line gives impetus to outrageous behaviour
gossiping in tabloids, spreading slanders about others at cocktail parties and trading sensitive
corporate information for personal gain. The vicissitudes of life in the fashion industry make
Sachs question if her job is worth the price of her soul, even if she succeeds. Beneath the 10
glamour and glitz, the fashion industry, at least in fiction, is depraved and deleterious.

In the real world, fashion just means a popular style of clothing, hair, manners and habits at a
particular time or place. But fashion has always played a striking role in culture and religion.
Traditionally, in settled societies, the clothes fashioned from carcasses protected man from the
elements of the weather. Before the ancient mysteries of the world and the universe were 15
probed and understood by science, superstitious man performed rituals mainly for symbolic
value and religious obligations and ideals. Significantly, the first products of their ingenuity for
these rituals were the attire and accessories that the tribe must don, even when production
techniques were rudimentary. At some point in time, when knowledge and science equipped
man with the means to survive and progress from the primitive style of living, raw hide was 20
replaced by fine fabric made from cotton and silk, as seen in the vestments and robes worn by
the clergy and monks; crude enamels and bones were replaced by gemstones, and jewellery
has become an inseparable part of the elaborate, ornate finish. Today, we expect worshippers
to wear their best clothes to church services, and hence the colloquial term, Sunday best. To
dress smart and be stylish is to be decorous and to observe social etiquette.
25

Fashion pervades all spheres of our lives because of our innate desire to look good and to
create beautiful things. The way we look is an essential part of who we are and how we feel.
Arguably, the first person to be enlightened by the power of fashion is the teenager when she
learns that she must break the rule of wearing the school uniform to assert her individuality.
Imagine the contentment derived from the radically revised sense of who she is, or who she 30
can be! Such a mysterious, complex and transformative power of the self through fashion is
inscrutable, but we can invoke the convenient term self-esteem to explain the unfathomable
attraction to such an almost metaphysical change. This does not, as one might think, justify the
erroneous claim that women are slaves to fashion. The petty, superficial preoccupation with
the hemlines length or the height of a heel is merely emblematic, for what truly matters is that 35
the continually evolving styles of clothing, driven by demand and devised by designers, reflects
broader shifts in customs and attitudes. For one, we have witnessed the formal clothing of the
1900s give way to more relaxed, practical attire when many rigid social conventions gradually
loosened.

Today, fashion is an established branch of human knowledge, technology and industry. It 40

provides employment and is a lucrative profession for designers, tailors, models, journalists and
advertisers. Fashion shows are held in major cities that have become centres of high fashion:
London, Milan, New York and Paris one indisputable reason these cities are vibrant and
alluring. Fashion is indivisible from, and supports, other art forms the exquisite, exotic
cheongsams worn by Maggie Cheung in Kar Wai Wongs film In The Mood For Love were 45
widely discussed by the fashion press as much as film critics debated on its artistic direction.
Jean Paul Gaultier, the enfant terrible of French fashion, designed the wardrobe of many
motion pictures too, including Pedro Almodvar's Kika and most notably, Peter Greenaway's
The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover. And publications such as Harpers Bazaar, Marie
Claire and Vogue cater to readers who are concerned with leisure and luxury. A good fashion 50
sense also helps one gain favourable opinion and be taken more seriously at the workplace.

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3
5

It is not easy to appreciate and understand fashion though, despite it being intricately linked to
ones life, in every significant occasion ranging from the cheerful birthday celebration to the
lugubrious funeral. Fashion suffers its fair share of badgering and scorn. For the longest time,
fashion has been a signifier of rank structures. The elites have been alleged to wear haute 55
couture to distinguish themselves from the commoners, using fashion to preserve and
legitimise social differences. Interestingly, the commoners use fashion as a means to emulate
their social superiors, and this explains the pathological rush towards designer labels.
Nowadays, fashion labels have become multi-national brands catering to the global market by
cookie-cutter mass production. This manic rush is further fuelled by manipulative advertising, 60
which is also charged with perpetuating the contemporary ideal of feminine beauty thinness.

And the world of fashion is fraught with intractable problems. Farming out production work to
factories in developing countries is contentious, for it causes loss of jobs in the home country
and sweatshop workers often work in hazardous environments for long hours for abnormally
low pay. In France, the proposed bill against garments that cover the face and body known as
burqas or niqabs in public places roused vehement protests from the Muslim community.
When American First Lady Michelle Obama wore a dress by Cuban-American designer Narciso
Rodriguez on a trip to France in 2009, her stylish facade garnered vast press coverage and
eclipsed the political agenda of the meeting between the two countries. And the British Royal
family was embarrassed by the public chorus of disapproval when Prince Harry was caught by
the paparazzi wearing a German uniform with a swastika armband at a costume party.
Unhesitatingly, the media brashly features wayward pop-culture models, celebrities and
eccentric fashion designers merely to sensationalise their debauched lifestyles panned by
moralists in puritanical society.

In 1980, the androgynous David Bowie had a hit single Fashion in which he sang, There's a
brand new dance, but I don't know its name. The idea that fashion is capricious and mindless
still reverberates today, as Lady Gaga asserts in her song similarly titled to Bowies, I live to be
model thin; dress me, I'm your mannequin; I am anyone you want me to be. If fashion is that
unpredictable, then no one can confidently say a celebritys or designers style will be
remembered and applauded in ten years time, other than by a coterie of devotees. We forget
this fact when a celebrity or designer dies; and then we forget the celebrity or designer himself.
Perhaps Oscar Wilde was right when he said, Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that
we have to alter it every six months.

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65

70

75

80

BLANK PAGE

Acknowledgements:
Jean Jacquard 2011.

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1
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
Higher 1
YEAR 6 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS

INDEX
NUMBER

6 C

GENERAL PAPER

0
8806/02

Paper 2

31 August 2011
1 hour 30 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials:

1 Insert

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Class, index number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
The Insert contains the passage for comprehension.
Note that 15 marks out of 50 will be awarded for your use of language.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiners Use

Content

/ 35

Language

/ 15

Total

/ 50

This document consists of 6 printed pages and 1 insert.

[Turn over
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2
Read the passage in the Insert and then answer all the questions. Note that up to fifteen marks
will be given for the quality and accuracy of your use of English throughout this Paper.
NOTE: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS AS FAR AS POSSIBLE
and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your
own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words and phrases
from the passage.

Using your own words as far as possible, explain why Priestly is a boss from hell (line 4).

[3]
2

According to the author, what gives impetus to outrageous behaviour (line 7)? Use your own
words as far as possible.

[2]
3

How does the author illustrate the concept of traditionally in line 14?

[1]
4

Why does the author use the word significantly in line 17?

[1]
5

Which two references in paragraph 2 illustrate production techniques were rudimentary (lines
18-19)?
[1]

Explain the contradiction which the author describes in lines 28 29.

[1]

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For
Examiners
Use

Using your own words as far as possible, explain why it is erroneous to claim that women
are slaves to fashion (line 34).

[2]

their debauched lifestyles (line 73)

Why does the author put inverted commas around debauched?

[1]

Explain how the two examples in lines 75-78 show the idea that fashion is capricious and
mindless (line 76).

[2]
10

Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write your
answer in one word or a short phrase.
(a)

epitomises (line 4)

[1]

(b)

conventions (line 38)

[1]

(c)

lugubrious (line 54)

[1]

(d)

intractable (line 62)

[1]

(e)

unhesitatingly (line 72)

[1]

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For
Examiners
Use

4
11 Using material from paragraphs 4 to 6 of the passage, summarise what the author has to say
about the importance of fashion, some criticisms of fashion and the problems it can cause.
Write your summary in no more than 120 words, not counting the opening words which are
printed below. Use your own words as far as possible.

Fashion is important because

[8]

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For
Examiners
Use

5
12

In this article, Jean Jacquard comments on the importance of fashion to society and how it can
be useful, and at the same time, problematic to us.
How far do you agree with his observations on fashion and clothing? Illustrate your answer or
own views by referring to the ways in which you and your society regard fashion.

DHS 2011

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For
Examiners
Use

6
For
Examiners
Use

[8]

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1
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
Higher 1
YEAR 6 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS

INDEX
NUMBER

6 C

GENERAL PAPER

8806/02

Paper 2

31 August 2011
1 hour 30 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials:

1 Insert

SUGGESTED ANSWER KEY AND MARK SCHEME

DHS 2011

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2
1

Using your own words as far as possible, explain why Priestly is a boss from hell (line 4). [3]

The focus of this question is to identify the 4 key qualities of Priestly that makes her a boss from hell.
The number of lines given is an indicator that only a short, succinct answer is required. Marks will be
awarded for suitable words used to paraphrase the 4 qualities.
Lifted

Paraphrased

for Priestly epitomises the boss from hell:

she is verbally abusive to her staff,
disdainful to their lack of intelligence,
unsympathetic to their predicament and

uncompromising on the impracticable tasks she

delegates.

To her staff, Priestly is

a. rude to/offends them in words/vocally
b. condescending/scornful
c. uncaring / insensitive to / does not feel for their
unfortunate situations, and
d. inflexible about getting impossible/unviable/
unfeasible job done.
1 point 1 m
2-3 points 2m
4 points 3m

According to the author, what gives impetus to outrageous behaviour (line 7)? Use your own
words as far as possible. [2]

This question tests candidates ability to distinguish the key ideas from the examples used to illustrate the
key ideas.
Lifted

Paraphrased

Moreover,
striving to stay at the top of the industry and

to achieve the bottom line gives impetus to

outrageous behaviour
gossiping in tabloids, spreading slanders
about others at cocktail parties and trading
sensitive corporate information for personal
gain.

Outrageous behaviour is motivated/caused by

a. the struggle/intense competition to
outperform/rival others and [1]
b. having to meet the set targets / profit objective
/ stay financially viable [1]
These are examples of outrageous behaviour and
are not required in the answer.
No credit for vague answers, e.g. to be
competitive.

How does the author illustrate the concept of traditionally in line 14? [1]

The word tradition entails the element of time long ago where customs, rituals, practices or conventions
originate from which may or may not be continued till today. The purpose of this question is to test
candidates sensitivity to details in the passage that support the use of this word.
Lifted

Inferred

Traditionally, in settled societies, the clothes

fashioned from carcasses protected man from the
elements of the weather. Before the ancient
mysteries of the world and the universe were being
probed and understood by science, vile
superstitions led man to perform rituals mainly for
symbolic value and religious obligations and ideals.

Traditionally is being illustrated by referring to an

early/prehistoric time/period []
where men hunt animals for clothes [] OR
before they know/comprehend the workings of
the physical world. []

DHS 2011

May award credit if candidate refers to tribe in

their answers.
.

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3
4

Why does the author use the word significantly in line 17? [1]

This question tests candidates sensitivity to the critical details in this paragraph that support the key idea,
which is, fashion has always played a striking role in culture and religion (line 13).
Lifted

Inferred

Significantly, the
first products of their ingenuity for these rituals
were the attire and accessories that the tribe must
don, even when production techniques were
rudimentary.

The author wants to show/stress that fashion is

important because
it is the first outcome of mans creativity OR
it is deep-rooted in their way of life from the
very beginning.

Which two references in paragraph 2 illustrate production techniques were rudimentary (lines 1819)? [1]
Lifted

Inferred

At some point in time, when knowledge and

science equipped man with the means to survive
and progress from the primitive style of living, raw
hide was replaced by fine fabric made from cotton
and silk, as seen in the vestments and robes worn
by the clergy and monks; crude enamels and
bones were replaced by gemstones, and jewellery
has become an inseparable part of the elaborate,
ornate finish.

The references are

raw hide and
crude enamels and bones.
No credit will be given if
- only 1 reference is give
- the answer is incomplete e.g. hide, enamels,
bones.
Deduct mark from language if the response is an
incomplete sentence.

Explain the contradiction which the author describes in lines 28 29. [1]
Lifted

Inferred

Arguably, the first person to be enlightened by the

power of fashion is the teenager when she learns
that she must break the rule of wearing the school
uniform to assert her individuality.

DHS 2011

The expected:
The school uniform is meant to make students
conform, adopting a common identity.
The opposite outcome:
The opposite happens as the school uniform
makes students realise that they are different and
must present their unique identity/true self.

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4
7

Using your own words as far as possible, explain why it is erroneous to claim that women are
slaves to fashion (line 34). [2]

This question tests candidates searching skills for the relevant material to paraphrase. It tests
candidates ability to see the parts and whole at the sentence level. Candidates should pay attention to
punctuation and linguistic cues to select only the appropriate material to answer the question to the point.
Candidates who are careful and well trained in answering comprehension questions in Paper 2 would not
have included driven by demand and devised by designers in their answer.
Lifted

Paraphrased

This does not, as one might think, justify the

erroneous claim that women are slaves to fashion.
The petty, superficial preoccupation with the
hemlines length or the height of a heel is merely
emblematic, for what truly matters is that the
continually evolving styles of clothing, driven by
demand and devised by designers, reflects broader
shifts in customs and attitudes. For one, we have
witnessed the formal clothing of the 1900s give
way to more relaxed, practical attire when many
rigid social conventions gradually loosened.

1-2 points: 1 m
3 points: 2 m
a. Womens shallow obsession with fashion is
only symbolic
b. as the ever-changing trend of fashion
c. is indicative of changes in traditions / values /
belief systems of society.
The next sentence is merely an elaboration of the
idea in the previous sentence shifts in customs
and attitude.

their debauched lifestyles (line 73)

Why does the author put inverted commas around debauched? [1]

Inferred Answer: The author thinks that the lifestyle of models, celebrities and eccentric fashion
designers are as not indulgent or morally unacceptable (as the way the media reports or society thinks).
9

Explain how the two examples in lines 75-78 show the idea that fashion is capricious and
mindless (line 76)?

This question tests candidates ability to infer and articulate the meaning from details given in the
examples. A good start is always to generate ideas from the given words capricious and mindless, and
relate them to the context given in the examples.
Lifted

Inferred

In 1980, the androgynous David Bowie had a hit

single Fashion in which he sang, There's a brand
new dance, but I don't know its name. The idea that
fashion is capricious and mindless still reverberates
today, as Lady Gaga asserts in her song similarly
titled to Bowies, I live to be model thin; dress me,
I'm your mannequin; I am anyone you want me to
be. If fashion is that unpredictable,

The two examples illustrate that

a. there is always something new/novel,
unpredictable about fashion, [1] and
b. it can also be senseless/meaningless
when everyone is following it. [1] OR
c. it can pressurise one to follow trends
senselessly.
Credit can be given to ORA that explains
and capricious and mindless nature of
fashion in the two examples.

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5
10

Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write your
answer in one word or a short phrase.

1 mark

0 mark

Best exemplifies,
characterises, represents,
shows
Most representative of

exemplifies
characterises
represents
show

conventions (line 38)

Norms
Standards
Orthodoxies
Rules
Ways of doing things

way of life

(c)

lugubrious (line 54)

Depressing
Gloomy
Melancholic
Mournful
Sad
Sorrowful
Morose

solemn
serious

(d)

intractable (line 62)

Difficult to manage /deal with /

handle

difficult
irresolvable
impossible

Knee-jerk reaction
Quick reaction /
immediately/decisively without
thought/consideration

without doubt
immediately
decisively

(a)

(b)

(e)

epitomises (line 4)

unhesitatingly (line 72)

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6
11

Using material from paragraphs 4 to 6 of the passage, summarise what the author has to say about
the importance of fashion, some criticisms of fashion and the problems it can cause.
Write your summary in no more than 120 words, not counting the opening words which are printed
below. Use your own words as far as possible.
Lifted

Suggested Paraphrased Points

Para 4: Importance of fashion

Today, fashion is an established branch of human
knowledge, technology and industry. It provides
employment and is a lucrative profession for
designers,
tailors,
models,
journalists
and
advertisers. Fashion shows are held in major cities
that have become centres of high fashion: London,
Milan, New York and Paris one indisputable
reason why these cities are vibrant and alluring.
Fashion is indivisible from, and supports, other art
forms the exquisite, exotic cheongsams worn by
Maggie Cheung in Kar Wai Wongs film In The
Mood For Love were widely discussed by the
fashion press as much as film critics debated on its
artistic direction. Jean Paul Gaultier, the enfant
terrible of French fashion, designed the wardrobe of
many motion pictures too, including Pedro
Almodvar's Kika and most notably, Peter
Greenaway's The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her
Lover. And publications such as Harpers Bazaar,
Marie Claire and Vogue cater to readers who are
concerned with leisure and luxury. A good fashion
sense also helps one gain favourable opinion and
be taken more seriously at the workplace.
Para 5: Some criticisms of fashion
But it is not easy to appreciate and understand
fashion, despite it being intricately linked to ones
life, in every significant occasion ranging from the
cheerful birthday celebration to the lugubrious
funeral. Fashion suffers its fair share of badgering
and scorn. For the longest time, fashion has been a
signifier of rank structures. The elites have been
alleged to wear haute couture to distinguish
themselves from the commoners, using fashion to
preserve and legitimise social differences.
Interestingly, the commoners use fashion as a
means to emulate their social superiors, and this
explains the pathological rush towards designer
labels. Nowadays, fashion labels have become
multi-national brands catering to the global market
by cookie-cutter mass production. This manic rush is
further fuelled by manipulative advertising, which is
also charged with perpetuating the contemporary
ideal of feminine beauty thinness.

DHS 2011

Fashion is important because

a it is an institution in society
b it gives one work/a job and
c is profitable/rewarding for many different
occupations/careers.
d Fashion makes cities exciting / lively and
attractive. [Note: interesting not acceptable]
e It is an inherent part of artistic expression /
creativity.
f It supports the film industry.
}
} These are details of fashion supporting the film
} industry and need not be summarised.
}
}
}
}
g It supports the print industry in the form of
lifestyle magazines / part of lifestyle.
h One with good style also gains positive feedback/
review
i and deemed as more professional at work.
Criticisms of fashion are that

j it has been an indicator of social class,

k as the privileged/influential ones wear high
fashion to separate themselves
l and be different from the masses.
m The populace blindly copies/follows the
wealthy/rich
n now there is an unhealthy culture of embracing
fashion brands,
o encouraged by commercials/the media that
further continue stereotypical image of women.

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7
Lifted

Suggested Paraphrased Points

Para 6: Problems that fashion can cause

And the world of fashion is fraught with intractable
problems. Farming out of production work to
factories in developing countries is contentious, for it
causes loss of jobs in the home country and
sweatshop workers often work in hazardous
environments for long hours for abnormally low pay.
In France, the proposed bill against garments that
cover the face and body known as burqas or
niqabs in public places roused vehement protests
from the Muslim community. When American First
Lady Michelle Obama wore a dress by CubanAmerican designer Narciso Rodriguez on a trip to
France in 2009, her stylish facade garnered vast
press coverage and eclipsed the political agenda of
the meeting between the two countries. And the
British Royal family was embarrassed by the public
chorus of disapproval when Prince Harry was
caught by the paparazzi wearing a German uniform
with a swastika armband at a costume party.
Unhesitatingly, the media brashly features wayward
pop-culture models, celebrities and eccentric fashion
designers merely to sensationalise their
debauched lifestyles panned by moralists in
puritanical society.

Moreover,
p outsourcing garment factories is controversial
q as it causes unemployment at home and
r not fulfilling human rights standards overseas /
dangerous workplace / below market rate wages
s Freedom to wear cultural fashion may also
outrage others.

t Fashion diverts our attention from important/

political matters.
u Public figures / figureheads inappropriate
fashion can invite criticism from the masses.
v The media is quick to exaggerate / dramatise /
lifestyle of fashion-related figures, harming their
standing. (May accept: media portray fashionrelated figures in a bad light, harmful to their
reputation).

Point-Mark Table for Summary Question

Number of Points
12
34
56
78
9
10 11
12 13
> 14

DHS 2011

Marks Awarded
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

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8
12

In this article, Jean Jacquard comments on the importance of fashion to society and how it can be
useful, and at the same time, problematic to us.
How far do you agree with his observations on fashion and clothing? Illustrate your answer or own
views by referring to the ways in which you and your society regard fashion. [8]
Ideas from Paragraphs to Evaluate

Para 1
The passage discusses the role of fashion in the modern world.
The introductory paragraph sets the stage of the discussion with a reference to best-seller fictional
book/film The Devil Wears Prada. The negative tone in this paragraph would give the reader
opportunity to question the attitude of the authors view of the fashion industry.
Para 2
The second paragraph transits from the reel world to the real world, outlining the evolution of fashion in
human history. The paragraph ends with an observation (Sunday best) and reiterates the importance of
fashion in our religion and culture today.
Para 3
The third paragraph explores the abstract importance of fashion starting with a remark on human
nature: our inherent desire to look good and to create beautiful thing, followed by how it empowers
(adolescence) us psychologically to assert our individuality. The second part of the paragraph comments
how trends in fashion in an indication of a broader positive shift in our customs and attitudes.
The key ideas in Paras 4, 5 and 6 are clearly outlined in the Summary Question:
Para 4 - the importance of fashion
it is a source of employment
it is profitable/rewarding for many occupations.
it makes cities exciting / lively and attractive.
it is an inherent part of artistic expressions.
it supports the film industry (wardrobe) and the print industry in the form of lifestyle magazines.
One with good style also gains positive feedback/ review and deemed as more professional at work.
Para 5 some criticisms of fashion
Though fashion is part of ones life, from the cradle to the grave, it is not well understood and often
dismissed by society.
It has been accused of creating social class.
The privileged/influential ones wear high fashion to separate themselves / be different from the
masses.
There is now an unhealthy culture of embracing fashion brands, encouraged by commercials/the
media that further stereotypical image of women.
Para 6 some of the problems fashion can cause
There are many controversies that are caused by fashion:
Farming out garment factory is controversial as it causes unemployment at home and not fulfilling
human rights standards overseas.
Freedom to wear cultural fashion may also be limited/violated in an ethnocentric society
Fashion diverts our attention from important/ political matters.
Public figures / figureheads inappropriate fashion can invite criticism from the masses.
The media is quick to victimise / vilify fashion-related figures (or portray them in a bad light).

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9
Ideas from Paragraphs to Evaluate
Para 7
The concluding paragraph ends with a reference to fashion icons in pop culture David Bowie and Lady
Gaga, highlighting the paradoxical nature of fashion that it seemingly is so capricious, mindless, fleeting
but yet it is enduring at the same time.

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