Siemens

S7-200 PLC training courses

PLC history
Classical control
- More complicated
- Longer time for maintenance
Time consuming troubleshooting - Occupies larger area in switchboards
Requires more wiring - Standard reliability

History
Large projects requirements

-More inputs and outputs points

Large program memory Several programming instructions Communication with other equipments Deal with analogue signals -Deal with large number of counters, timers
and markers

History
Historical view

Course contents

Introduction to PLC
Bit logic
compare
Timers
Counters
Memory instructions
Analog I/O
Move , shift
Practical examples

Introduction
What is a PLC

Introduction
Basic PLC operation

introduction
S7 200 family

introduction
S7-200 configuration

introduction
S7-200 configuration
mode switch and analog adjustment

introduction
S7-200 configuration
optional cartidge

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
expansion modules

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
status indicator

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
I/O numbering

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
inputs

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
outputs

Introduction
S7-200 configuration
programming software

Analogue I/O
Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA=
They are used to represent changing values such as =
speed, temperature, weight and level

Introduction
Analogue outputs may be used to produce
variable reference signals for devices
: such as
Control valves #
Chart recorders #
Electric motor drives #
Pressure transducers #
Analogue meters #

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

PLC Programming

Programming languages
Ladder diagram
The ladder diagram is the most
popular programming language
The instructions are represented
:by graphic symbols
Contacts, Coils & Boxes

Statement list

Function block

Instructions
:Standard instructions
.They are used in most programs
Examples: timer, counter, math, logical, incr., decr. and move
:Special instructions
They are used to manipulate data
.Shift, table, conversion, real time instruction

:High speed instructions

They allow for events and interrupts to occur independently of
.the PLC scan time
Examples: High speed counters and interrupts

Bit Logic instruction

Input Instructions
Normally Open contact
Normally Closed contact
Normally Open Immediate contact
Normally Closed Immediate contact
Positive Transition contact
Negative Transition contact
Not contact

Input contacts example

Output instructions
Output Instruction
Output Immediate instruction

No Operation instruction

Set (N bits) instruction

Reset (N bits) instruction
Set Immediate (N bits) instruction
Reset Immediate (N bits) instruction

Output, Set & Reset example

Starting a motor

Hard-wired DOL starting

O.L. contact
Circuit Breaker
Contactor
Thermal
Overload

Star
t

Stop
Aux. contact

Contact coil

Induction
Motor

Induction Motor

Using PLC
Before start

Starting

After start

Stopping

Input & Output connections

Timer instructions

On-Delay Timer

Retentive On-Delay Timer

Off-Delay Timer

On-Delay & Retentive On-Delay timers

.They count time when the enabling input (IN) is ON

.When the current value (Txxx) is > the preset time (PT), the timer bit is ON
The On-Delay timer current value is cleared when (IN) is OFF, while the
.current value of the Retentive On-Delay Timer is maintained
You can use the Retentive On-Delay Timer to accumulate time for multiple
. periods of the input ON

Off-Delay timer

The Off-Delay Timer is used to delay turning an output OFF for a

.fixed period of time after the input turns OFF
When (IN) turns ON, the timer bit turns ON immediately, and the
. current value is set to 0
When (IN) turns OFF, the timer counts till PT and the timer bit
.turns OFF and the current value stops counting
If the input is OFF for a time shorter than PT, the timer bit
.remains ON

Timers numbers & resolutions

Note

. You cannot share the same timer numbers for TOF and TON
.For example, you cannot have both a TON T32 and a TOF T32

Timer examples
On-Delay

Retentive
On-Delay

Off-Delay

Hard-wired on-delay timer

Timer example

TONR example

Timer example

Counter instructions
Up counter

Up/down counter

Down counter

A bottling machine, for example, may use a counter to count

.bottles into groups of six for packaging

Up-counter

It counts up on the rising edges of the Count Up (CU)

.input
When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit
.(Cxxx) turns on
.The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on

Up/Down counter

. It counts up on rising edges of the Count Up (CU) input

It counts down on the rising edges of the Count Down
.(CD) input
When the current value (Cxxx) > (PV), the counter bit
.(Cxxx) turns on
.The counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on

Down counter

.It counts down from the PV on the rising edges of the (CD) input
When the current value is equal to zero, the counter bit (Cxxx)
.turns on
The counter resets the counter bit (Cxxx) and loads the current
. value with the (PV) when the load input (LD) turns on

Down-counter example

Up/down-counter example

Counter example
A counter might be used to keep track of the number of vehicles
in a parking lot. As vehicles enter the lot through an entrance
gate, the counter counts up. As vehicles exit the lot through an
exit gate, the counter counts down. When the lot is full a sign at
.the entrance gate turns on indicating the lot is full

The ladder logic

Memory types
You can access data in many CPU memory areas
- process image input register
(I)
- process image output register
(Q)
- variable memory area
(V)
- Bit memory area
(M)
- sequence control relay memory area
(S)
- special memory bits
(SM)
- local memory area
(L)
- Timer memory area
(T)
- counter memory area
(C)
- Analog inputs
(AI)

Memory addressing
Accessing a Bit of Data in the CPU Memory (Byte.bit Addressing)

Memory addressing
You can access data in many CPU memory areas (V, I, Q, M, S, L,
:and SM) as
.bytes, words, or double words by using the byte-address format

Memory types
Process-image input register (I)
:Format
Bit
Byte, Word, Double Word

I[byte address].[bit address] I0.1

I[size][starting byte address] IB4

Process-image output register (Q)

:Format
Bit
Byte, Word, Double Word

Q[byte address].[bit address] Q1.1

Q[size][starting byte address] QB5

Variable memory area (V)

:You can use V memory to
. store intermediate results of the control logic operations
. store other data pertaining to your process or task

:Format
Bit
Byte, Word, Double Word

V[byte address].[bit address] V10.2

V[size][starting byte address] VW100

Memory types
Sequence control relay area (S)
They are used to organize machine operations or steps into equivalent
program segments. SCRs allow logical segmentation of the control
:Format
Bit
S[byte address].[bit address] S3.1
Byte, Word, Double Word S[size][starting byte address] SB4

Special memory bits (SM)

The SM bits provide a means for communicating information between the
CPU and your program. You can use these bits to select and control some
:of the special functions of the S7-200 CPU, such as
A bit that turns on for the first scan cycle
Bits that toggle at fixed rates
Bits that show the status of math or operational instructions
:Format
Bit
SM[byte address].[bit address] SM0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word SM[size][starting byte address] SMB86

Memory types
Local memory area (L)
The S7-200 PLCs provide 64 bytes of local (L) memory of which 60 can be
used as scratchpad memory or for passing formal parameters to subroutines.
Format:
Bit
L [byte address].[bit address] L0.0
Byte, Word, Double Word
L [size] [starting byte address] LB33

Memory types
Analog inputs (AI)
The S7-200 converts a real-world, analog value (such as temperature
or voltage) into a word-length (16-bit) digital value. You access these
values by the area identifier (AI), size of the data (W), and the starting
byte address. Since analog inputs are words and always start on
even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you access them with evennumber byte addresses (such as AIW0, AIW2, or AIW4),as shown in
Figure Analog input values are read-only values.
Format: AIW [starting byte address] AIW4

Memory types
Analog outputs (AQ)
The S7-200 converts a word-length (16-bit) digital value into a current
or voltage, proportional to the digital value (such as for a current or
voltage). You write these values by the area identifier (AQ), size of the
data (W), and the starting by address. Since analog outputs are words
and always start on even-number bytes (such as 0, 2, or 4), you write
, them with even-number byte addresses (AQW0, AQW2, AQW4)
Format: AQW [starting byte address] AQW4

Move instructions
The Move Byte instruction moves the input byte
(IN) to the output byte (OUT). The input byte is not
.altered by the move
The Move Word instruction moves the input word
(IN) to the output word (OUT). The input word is
.not altered by the move
The Move Double Word instruction moves the input
double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT).
.The input double word is not altered by the move
The Move Real instruction moves a 32-bit, real input
double word (IN) to the output double word (OUT).
.The input double word is not altered by the move

The block move instructions

The Block Move Byte instruction moves the number of
bytes (N) from the input address IN to the output
address
.OUT. N has a range
of 1 to 255
Example

Move byte immediate instructions

The Move Byte Immediate Read instruction reads

.physical input IN and writes the result in OUT

The Move Byte Immediate Write instruction reads from

.location IN and writes to physical output OUT

Analogue I/O
Typical analogue signals from 0-10 VDC or 4-20 mA =
They are used to represent changing values such as
speed, temperature, weight and level

The expansion module converts the standard voltage and =

current values to 12-bit digital representation. These digital
values are transferred to the PLC for use in its program

Analogue outputs may be used to produce

variable reference signals for devices
: such as
Control valves #
Chart recorders #
Electric motor drives #
Pressure transducers #
Analogue meters #

Analog o/p example

Analog i/p example

Analog i/p example