Gii bi tp chng 3

Bi 1: Tm cc phn r t dng chun 4

Cho U=ABCDE
D={ A->BC
C->->DE
}
D l tp cc ph thuc hm v ph thuc a tr trn R(U).
Gii:
Bc 1: Xc nh kha ca quan h
p dng thut tan tm kha ta c {ADE} l kha ca quan h trn F.
Bc 2: Quan h R(U) v tp ph thuc D khng t dng chun 4
Bt u vi ph thuc a tr C->->DE vi phm cc iu kin ca dng chun 4 v C->>DE khng phi ph thuc a tr hin nhin v {C} khng phi l kha ca quan h.
Phn r ABCDE thnh R1=(ABC) v R2=(CDE)
Lc R1=(ABC) c kha l {A} v ph thuc a tr A->->BC hin nhin (v A l kha v
ABC= R1). Ta c ph thuc a tr A->->BC l do FD_MVD1 nu X->Y th X->->Y. cng
khng c ph thuc hm hay ph thuc a tr no c chiu trn ABC vi phm dng chun 4,
v th khng cn phn r tip.
Lc R2=(CDE) c kha l {C} v ph thuc a tr C->->DE hin nhin (v C l kha v
CDE= R2) do FD_MVD1. cng khng c ph thuc hm hay ph thuc a tr no c chiu
trn CDE vi phm dng chun 4, v th khng cn phn r tip.
Bi 2: Tm cc phn r t dng chun 4
Cho U=ABCDEI
D={ A->->BCD
B->AC
C->D
}
D l tp cc ph thuc hm v ph thuc a tr trn R(U).
Gii:
Bc 1: Xc nh kha ca quan h
p dng thut tan tm kha ta c {BEI} l kha ca quan h da trn F.
Bc 2: Quan h R(U) v tp ph thuc D khng t dng chun 4
Bt u vi ph thuc a tr A->->BCD vi phm cc iu kin ca dng chun 4 v A->>BCD khng phi ph thuc a tr hin nhin v ABCDU v A khng phi l kha ca quan
h.
Phn r ABCDEI thnh R1=(ABCD) v R2=(AEI)
Lc R1=( ABCD) c kha l {B}, xt theo kha {B} v chn ph thuc a tr B->->AC (t
FD B->AC) Lc R1=( ABCD) vi phm cc iu kin ca dng chun 4 v B->->AC khng
phi ph thuc a tr hin nhin v BAC R1.
Chn ph thuc a tr C->->D (t FD C->D) R1 c tch thnh R11 =(AB) v R12 =(CD)

R11 =(AB) c kha l {B}, chn ph thuc a tr B->- >A (t FD : B->A, B->C theo lut
tch ca B->AC). ph thuc a tr B->- >A hin nhin v BA= R11. cng khng c ph thuc
hm hay ph thuc a tr no c chiu trn AB vi phm dng chun 4, v th khng cn phn
r tip.
R12 =(CD) c kha l {C}, chn ph thuc a tr C->- >D (t FD : C->D). ph thuc a
tr C->- >D hin nhin v CD= R12. cng khng c ph thuc hm hay ph thuc a tr no
c chiu trn AB vi phm dng chun 4, v th khng cn phn r tip.
R2=(AEI) v {BEI} l kha ca quan h R(U) nn BEI->ACD (dng lut tch ta c BEI>A, BEI->C, BEI->D) chiu xung quan h R2=(AEI) ta c EI->A nn kha ca quan h {EI}
v EI->->A ph thuc a tr hin nhin. cng khng c ph thuc hm hay ph thuc a tr no
c chiu trn AEI vi phm dng chun 4, v th khng cn phn r tip.
Kt lun :
Lc quan h R(U) c phn r thnh R11 =(AB), R12 =(CD), R2=(AEI) t dng chun 4.
Bi 3: Cho lc quan h R(ABCDEFGHIJ)
F={
AB->C
A->DE
B->F
F->GH
D->IJ
}
a) Tm kha ca quan h
Gii :
Tp thuc tnh ngun (N): AB
Tp thuc tnh ch (): CEGHIJ
Tp thuc tnh trung gian : DF
Tnh (AB)+= ABC do AB->C
(AB)+= ABCDE do A->DE
(AB)+= ABCDEF do B->F
(AB)+= ABCDEFGH do F->GH
(AB)+= ABCDEFGHIJ do D->IJ
(AB)+=U Vy AB l siu kha ca quan h
Tnh (ABD)+= ABCDEFGHIJ =U Vy ABD l siu kha ca quan h
Tnh (ABF)+= ABCDEFGHIJ =U Vy ABF l siu kha ca quan h
Kt lun: AB l siu kha nh nht nn AB l kha ca quan h
b) Tm mt phn r m cc lc quan h con t dng chun 3
Gii :
p dng thut ton tch mt lc quan h thnh cc lc con 3NF.
2

Bc 1: Tm ph ti tiu ca F
F={
AB->C
A->DE
B->F
F->GH
D->IJ
}
t G=F
Tch cc pth ca G c v phi ch cha 1 thuc tnh.
G={
AB->C
A->D
A->E
B->F
F->G
F->H
D->I
D->J
}
R rng G l ti tiu
Bc 2 : Tch thnh cc lc con
F=G
Xt AB->C ch c 1 pth c v tri =AB ta c R1(ABC) loi AB->C khi F
Xt A->D v A->E c 2 pth c v tri =A ta c R2(ADE) loi A->D v A->E khi F
Xt B->F ch c 1 pth c v tri =B ta c R3(BF) loi B->F khi F
Xt F->G v F->H c 2 pth c v tri =F ta c R4(FGH) loi F->D v F->H khi F
Xt D->I v D->J c 2 pth c v tri =D ta c R5(DIJ) loi D->I v D->J khi F
F= dng thut tan
Kt lun : lc R(ABCDEFGHIJ) c tch thnh 5 lc con t dng chun 3 nh
sau:
R1(ABC) kha AB (F1=AB->C)
R2(ADE) kha A (F2= A->DE )
R3(BF) kha B (F3= B->F)
R4(FGH) kha F (F4= F->GH)
R5(DIJ) kha D (F5= D->IJ )

Bi 4: Cho lc quan h R(ABCDEFGHIJ)

F={
AB->C
BD->EF
AD->GH
A->I
H->J
}
a) Tm kha ca quan h
Gii :
Tp thuc tnh ngun (N): ABD
Tp thuc tnh ch (): CEFGIJ
Tp thuc tnh trung gian : H
Tnh (ABD)+= ABCDEFGHIJ do AB->C, BD->EF, AD->GH, A->I, H->J
Tnh (ABDH)+= ABCDEFGHIJ do AB->C, BD->EF, AD->GH, A->I, H->J
Vy ABD l siu kha nh nht nn ABD l kha ca quan h
b) Tm mt phn r m cc lc quan h con t dng chun 3
Gii :
p dng thut ton tch mt lc quan h thnh cc lc con 3NF.
Bc 1: Tm ph ti tiu ca F
F={
AB->C
BD->EF
AD->GH
A->I
H->J
}
t G=F
Tch cc pth ca G c v phi ch cha 1 thuc tnh.
G={
AB->C
BD->E
BD->F
AD->G
AD->H
A->I
H->J
}
R rng G l ti tiu
Bc 2 : Tch thnh cc lc con
F=G
4

Xt AB->C ch c 1 pth c v tri =AB ta c R1(ABC) loi AB->C khi F

Xt BD->E v BD->F c 2 pth c v tri =BD ta c R2(BDEF) loi BD->E v BD->F khi F
Xt AD->G v AD->H c 2 pth c v tri =AD ta c R3(ADGH) loi AD->G v AD->H khi F
Xt A->I ch c 1 pth c v tri =A ta c R4(AI) loi A->I khi F
Xt H->J ch c 1 pth c v tri =H ta c R5(HJ) loi H->J khi F
F= dng thut tan
Kt lun : lc R(ABCDEFGHIJ) c tch thnh 5 lc con t dng chun 3 nh
sau:
R1(ABC) kha AB (F1=AB->C)
R2(BDEF) kha BD (F2= BD->EF)
R3(ADGH) kha AD (F3= AD->GH)
R4(AI) kha A (F4=A->I)
R5(HJ) kha H (F5= H->J )