Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
B.MAHENDER RAO NAYAK (09241A0120)
V.PRAVEEN REDDY (09241A0126)
K.RAJIV (09241A0130)
ABDUL SHABBEER (09241A0139)
VIVEK PATAK (10245A0112)
DECLARATION
We here by declare that the project work entitled MANUAL DESIGN AND
ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STORIED OFFICE BUILDING is a record of an original
work done by us under the guidance of Mr.V. Mallikarjun Reddy, Associate Prof.,
Department of civil Engineering, GRIET. This project work is done in the fulfilment of the
requirements of the major project. This is a bonafide work carried out by us and the results
provided in this project report have not been copied from any source. The results provided in
this have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree
or diploma.
Date: 15-04-2013
Place: Hyderabad
Civil Engineering Department
GRIET, Hyderabad.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We express our sincere thanks to Dr. G.Venkata Ramana, Head of the Department
Civil Engineering, for his support and guidance for doing this project. We are also thankful
to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Civil Engineering Department.
We are also thankful to each and everyone name by name who helped us directly or
indirectly in execution of this project.
GOKARAJU RANGARAJU
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY , HYDERABAD
CERTIFICATE
(09241A0120)
V.PRAVEEN REDDY
(09241A0126)
K.RAJIV
(09241A0130)
ABDUL SHABBEER
(09241A0139)
VIVEK PATAK
(10245A0112)
V. Mallikarjun Reddy
ABSTRACT
Due to advancement of technology humans are creating software to make
things easier and time saving. As a result in the civil engineering point of view
the manual design of buildings has lost its importance. It is true that design
using a software is easy and time saving and mostly results are accurate.
On the other hand manual design is a cumbersome job and a time consuming
process, but for a beginner manual design helps to understand the basic
fundamentals that are involved in designing a building. Once a person gains
knowledge in manual design he will be knowing the elements involved in
designing and can easily understand the usage of software.
The main objective of the project is to use the knowledge that we have learnt
during our graduation and learn to deal with practical cases. We wish this
project will fulfill our purpose.
CONTENTS
PG.NO
CHAPTER-I
1.INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 7
CHAPTER-II
2.DESIGN OF SLABS ...................................................................... 10
CHAPTER-III
3. Analysis of frames.............................................................. 45
CHAPTER-IV
4. DESIGN OF BEAMS...................................................................... 115
CHAPTER-V
8. CONCLUSION................................................................. 298
9. REFERENCE.................................................................... 299
6
1.
INTRODUCTION
The population explosion and advent of industrial revolution led to the exodus of
people from villages to urban areas. This urbanisation led to a new problem less space for
housing, work and more people. Because of the demand for land, the land costs got
skyrocketed. So, under the changed circumstances, the vertical growth of buildings i.e.
constructions of multi-storeyed buildings has become inevitable both for residential and as
well as office purposes.
For multi-storeyed buildings, the conventional load bearing structures become
uneconomical as they require larger sections to resist huge moments and loads. But in a
framed structure, the building frame consists of a network of beams and columns which are
built monolithically and rigidly with each other at their joints. Because of this rigidity at the
joints, there will be reduction in moments and also the structure tends to distribute the loads
more uniformly and eliminate the excessive effects of localised loads. Therefore in non-load
bearing framed structures, the moments and forces become less which in turn reduces the
sections of the members. As the walls dont take any load, they are also of thinner
dimensions. So, the lighter structural components and walls reduce the self weight of the
whole structure which necessitates a cheaper foundation. Also, the lighter walls which can be
easily shifted provide flexibility in space utilisation. In addition to the above mentioned
advantages the framed structure is more effective in resisting wind loads and earth quake
loads.
Work done in this project:
A plot of 369.75 m2 has been selected for the construction of a multi-storeyed office
building. In the office building the functions will be different and it plays a major role
because of different loads acts on different slabs. The frame analysis requires the dimensions
of the members. For the analysis, 6 substitute frames taken in transverse direction and in
longitudinal direction the net moment acting is zero, and this is due to symmetrycity . For the
maximum mid span moment obtained from the analysis, a T-beam has been designed and for
the support moment doubly reinforced section has been provided. Stair case has also been
designed. Isolated rectangular sloped footings have been designed to transfer the load to the
ground strata.
7
Analysis of structure:
Kanis method and substitute frame method is generally used to analyse a multistoreyed frame. The substitute frame method requires less computations and easier to carry
out the analysis. Therefore, here substitute frame method has been employed to carry out the
frame analysis and method is discussed in the following paragraphs.
Theoretically, a load applied at any point of the structure cause reactions at all
sections of the frame, but a close study of this aspect has shown that the moments in any
beam or column are mainly due to the loads on spans very close to it. The effect of loads on
distant panels is small. To facilitate the determination of moments in any member of a frame,
it is usual to analyse only a small portion of the frame consisting of adjacent members only.
Such a small portions are termed SUBSTITUTE FRAMES.
The reactions worked out with the help of substitute frame may sometimes appear to
be lower by about 10% compared with the value obtained from exact analysis. But it may be
mentioned that for analysis all the panels are located at the same time. Such a combination of
loading is highly improbable in practice. Thus the results given by substitute frames are safe
for all practical purposes.
Design concept:
There are three design philosophies to design a reinforced concrete structures. They
are:
1. Working stress method,
2. Ultimate load method and
3. Limit state method.
In the working stress method it is seen that the permissible stresses for concrete and
steel are not exceeded anywhere in the structure when it is subjected to the worst
combination of working loads. A linear variation of stress form zero at the neutral axis to
the maximum stress at the extreme fibre is assumed.
Practically, the stress strain curve for concrete is not linear as it was assumed in
working stress method. So, in ultimate load design an idealised form of actual stress
strain diagram is used and the working loads are increased by multiplying them with the
load factors.
8
The basis for limit state method is a structure with appropriate degrees of reliability
should be able to withstand safely all loads that are liable to act on it throughout its life
and it should also satisfy the serviceability requirements such as limitations on deflection
and cracking.
Limit state method is the most rational method of the three methods. It considers the
actual behaviour of the materials at failure and also it takes serviceability also into
consideration. Therefore, limit state method has been employed in this work.
2.DESIGN OF SLABS
Typically we divided the slabs into two types:
i. Roof Slab and
ii. Floor Slab
In case of roof slab the live load obtained is less compared to the floor slab. Therefore we
first design the roof slab and then floor slabs.
We have two types of supports. They are:
1. Ultimate support and
2. Penultimate support
Ultimate support is the end support and the penultimate supports are the intermediate
supports.
Wu x L2
and the penultimate supports
Ultimate support tends to have a bending moment of
10
have
Wu x L2
12
Slab
Dimensions (M x M)
Roof S1
8.62 X 3.05
Roof S2
8.62 X 3.05
Roof S3
5.78 X 3.05
Roof S4
5.78 X 3.05
10
We can observe the slab panels in the above figure and all the slabs are designed as one way
slab for the easy arrangement of the reinforcement and ease of work.
Roof S1 and Roof S2 are the slabs with same dimensions but with different end conditions.
Roof S3 and Roof S4 are also the slabs with the same conditions as mentioned above.
But the point to be noted is that all the Slabs have same shorter span and in the design of one
way slab shorter span is of more importance. Therefore we design any two slabs with
different end conditions and the remaining two slabs also follow the same design.
Design of Roof Slab S1:
Calculation of Depth (D) by using modification factor:
Assume the percentage of the tension reinforcement (Pt) provided is 0.4%
From IS456-2000, P38 Fig4, we get the modification factor () = 1.4
Required Depth (D) =
L
+ d1
ra
11
L
=
ra
Where,
Span
L
allowable ratio
d
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 110 mm
36.4
= 2.5 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
110
x 25
1000
= 2.75 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Roof
= 1.5 KN/m2
Wu x L2 10.125 x (3.05)2
=
= 9.42 KN-m
10
10
12
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
Or
Ast = 0.5 x
Mu
fck
(1-(1-4.6
)1/2) b x d
fy
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 90
ast x 1000
1000
= x 82 x
= 160.9mm
Ast
4
312.4
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 110 x 1000 = 132 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=380mm
4
132
13
Wu x L2 10.125 x (3.05)2
=
= 7.85 KN-m
12
12
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 90
1000
x 82 x
= 195.75mm
4
256.78
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 110 x 1000 = 132 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=380mm
4
132
14
Wu x L2
10
10.125 x (3.05)2
= 9.42 KN-m
10
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 90
15
Wu x L2
12
10.125 x (3.05)2
= 7.85 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 90
16
S2
Office
S3
S4
Assembly hall
S5 (a), S5 (b) -
S6 (a), S6 (b) -
Office
S7
Library
S8
Secretary Room
S9 (a), S9 (b) -
Officers chamber
17
Floor Slab
Dimensions
S1 to S5 (b)
8.62 x 3.05
S6 (a) to S9 (b)
5.78 x 3.05
Where,
L
+ d1
ra
Span
L
allowable ratio
d
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 2.5 KN/m2
18
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Sanitary blocks public
= 3 KN/m2
Corridor
= 5 KN/m2
Maximum = 5 KN/m2
For Partition Wall = 1.5 KN/m2
Total load (W) = 1 + 2.5 +3 + 5 + 1.5 = 13 KN/m2
Ultimate load or limit state load or design load (Wu) = 1.5 x W = 1.5 x 13
=19.5 KN/m2
Design moment: (for end panel)
Mu =
Wu x L2 19.5 x (3.05)2
=
= 18.14 KN-m
10
10
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
Or
Ast = 0.5 x
fck
Mu
(1-(1-4.6
)1/2) b x d
fy
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 569.79 mm2
ast x 1000
1000
= x 102 x
= 137.83mm
Ast
4
569.79
19
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
= 3 KN/m2
= 4 KN/m2
Corridor
= 5KN/m2
20
120
x 25
1000
= 5 KN/m2
= 1.5 KN/m2
Wu x L2 15.75 x (3.05)2
=
= 12.21 KN-m
12
12
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 365.97 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 214.61mm
4
365.97
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
21
Wu x L2
10
Therefore, Moment =
13 15.75
+
= 14.375 KN/m
2
2
14.375 x (3.05)2
= 13.372 KN-m
10
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
22
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Private
= 2 KN/m2
Corridor
= 5 KN/m2
Maximum load
= 5 KN/m2
= 1.5 KN/m2
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 365.97 mm2
23
1000
x 10 2 x
= 214.61mm
4
365.97
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
144
4
Wu x L2
12
Therefore, Moment =
15.75 15.75
+
= 15.75 KN/m
2
2
15.75 x (3.05)2
= 12.21 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
Area of steel available by bending up the alternate bars of mid span steel:
1
From Slab S2 = x 365.97 = 182.985 mm2
2
1
From Slab S3 = x 365.97 = 182.985 mm2
2
Total Ast (available) = 182.985 + 182.985 = 365.97 mm2
Therefore Ast (available) = Ast (required)
No need of providing extra bars.
DESIGN OF FLOOR SLAB (S4):
D=
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
= 3 KN/m2
= 5 KN/m2
Corridor
= 5 KN/m2
Maximum load
= 5 KN/m2
= 1.5 KN/m2
25
120
x 25
1000
Ultimate load or limit state load or design load (Wu) = 1.5 x W = 1.5 x 10.5
=15.75 KN/m2
Design moment:
Mu =
Wu x L2 15.75 x (3.05)2
=
= 12.21 KN-m
12
12
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 365.97 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 214.61mm
365.97
4
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
26
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Office chamber
= 4 KN/m2
Private
= 2 KN/m2
= 1.5 KN/m2
27
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
Ast
1000
x 10 2 x
= 194.27mm
347.05
4
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
Wu x L2
12
Therefore, Moment =
15.75 17.25
+
= 16.5 KN/m
2
2
16.5 x (3.05)2
= 12.79 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
28
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
= 3 KN/m2
= 4 KN/m2
Private
= 2 KN/m2
= 1.5 KN/m2
29
120
x 25
1000
Wu x L2 17.25 x (3.05)2
=
= 16.047 KN-m
10
10
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 495.37 mm2
Ast
1000
x 10 2 x
= 158.55mm
4
495.37
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
30
Area of steel at support next to end support (between S5 (a) and S5 (b)):
From IS 456-2000, moment =
Wu x L2
10
Therefore, Moment =
17.25 17.25
+
= 17.25 KN/m
2
2
17.25 x (3.05)2
= 16.05 KN-m
10
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
1
x 495.47 = 247.735 mm2
2
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
31
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
= 4 KN/m2
Office
Wu x L2 12 x (3.05)2
=
= 11.163 KN-m
10
10
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 332.06 mm2
Ast
1000
x 10 2 x
= 236.53mm
4
332.06
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
32
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Office
= 4 KN/m2
Wu x L2 12 x (3.05)2
=
= 9.3025 KN-m
12
12
33
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 273.13 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 287.55mm
4
273.13
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
Area of steel at support next to end support (between S6 (a) and S6 (b)):
From IS 456-2000, moment =
Wu x L2
10
12 x (3.05)2
= 11.163 KN-m
10
34
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
1
x 273.23 = 136.565 mm2
2
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
= 3 KN/m2
= 10 KN/m2
120
x 25
1000
Ultimate load or limit state load or design load (Wu) = 1.5 x W = 1.5 x 14
=21 KN/m2
Design moment: (for end panel)
Mu =
Wu x L2 12 x (3.05)2
=
= 19.54 KN-m
10
10
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 621.3 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 126.41mm
621.3
4
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
36
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
= 2 KN/m2
Private
Wu x L2 9 x (3.05)2
=
= 6.97 KN-m
12
12
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 201.47 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 389.8mm
4
201.47
37
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
Wu x L2
10
Therefore, Moment =
21 9
+ = 15 KN/m
2 2
15 x (3.05)2
= 13.95 KN-m
10
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
38
1
From Slab S7 = x 621.3 = 310.65 mm2
2
1
From Slab S8 = x 201.47 = 100.735 mm2
2
Total Ast (available) = 310.65 + 100.735 = 411.385 mm2
Therefore, extra bars required for Ast = 423.61 411.385 = 12.225 mm2
DESIGN OF FLOOR SLAB (S9 (a)):
D=
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
120
x 25
1000
= 3 KN/m2
Live loads (From IS875 Part 2):
Office chamber
= 3 KN/m2
Wu x L2 10.5 x (3.05)2
=
= 8.14 KN-m
12
12
39
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 237.12 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 331.23mm
4
237.12
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
Wu x L2
12
Therefore, Moment =
9 10.5
+
= 9.75 KN/m
2
2
9.75 x (3.05)2
= 7.56 KN-m
12
40
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
3.05 x 103
+ 20 = 103.79mm say 120 mm
36.4
= 1 KN/m2
= 1 x 1 x D x 25 =
= 3 KN/m2
= 3 KN/m2
41
120
x 25
1000
Wu x L2 10.5 x (3.05)2
=
= 9.77 KN-m
10
10
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
= 287.79 mm2
1000
x 10 2 x
= 272.91mm
4
287.79
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 120 x 1000 = 144 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
=349mm
4
144
42
Area of steel at support next to end support (between S9 (a) and S9 (b)):
From IS 456-2000, moment =
Wu x L2
10
10.5 x (3.05)2
= 9.77 KN-m
10
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 100
1
x 287.79 = 143.895 mm2
2
Function
Main steel
Distribution steel
End shears
Roof S1 and
Roof S3
Terrace
8mm bars @
8mm bars @
150mm c/c
300mm c/c
43
Long
Short
span
span
Wu x L
)
2
Wu x L
)
6
KN/m
KN/m
15.441
5.1467
Roof S2 and
Terrace
8mm bars @
8mm bars @
190mm c/c
300mm c/c
15.441
5.1467
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
29.738
9.913
130mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
24.019
210mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
24.019
210mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
24.019
210mm c/c
300mm c/c
Office chamber
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
190mm c/c
300mm c/c
26.306
8.77
Office chamber
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
150mm c/c
300mm c/c
26.306
8.77
Office
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
18.3
6.1
230mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
18.3
6.1
280mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
32.025
10.675
120mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
13.725
4.575
300mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
16.01
5.3375
300mm c/c
300mm c/c
10mm bars @
8mm bars @
16.01
5.3375
270mm c/c
300mm c/c
Roof S4
Floor S1
Floor S2
Floor S3
Floor S4
Floor S5 (a)
Floor S5 (b)
Floor S6 (a)
Floor S6 (b)
Floor S7
Floor S8
Floor S9 (a)
Floor S9 (b)
Toilet
Office
Office SupDt.
Assembly Hall
Office
Library
Secretary room
Office chamber
Office chamber
44
3. Analysis of frames
We have many number frames from the plan and the need to be analysed. We have two
different types of frames:
1. Longitudinal direction frame
2. Transverse direction frame
Transverse frame:
The frames are chosen in such a way that the loads vary from one frame to the other and we
have 6 transverse frames.
i.
Frame 19-10-01
ii.
Frame 20-11-02
iii.
Frame 24-15-06
iv.
Frame 25-16-07
v.
Frame 26-17-08
vi.
Frame 27-18-09
In every frame we need to analyse the three types of loading cases and each frame consists of
roof and floor analysis.
Here we assumed the cross sections of beams and columns in advance and with the help of
the assumed dimensions, we calculate the stiffness of the members and there by the
distribution factors for the members especially at the joints.
To analyse the frame we use the substitute frame method and there by applying the moment
distribution method to know the moments carried by the member at the joints.
We take each floor span and we assume the top and bottom storeys are fixed by the substitute
frame principle.
45
We have G+5frame with all the details shown in the above figure.
46
Type of
b(mm) x
Length
M.O.I
Multiplying
Final
K=
member
D(mm)
(mm)
(mm4) =
factor for
M.O.I
b x D3
12
flanged
(mm4)
final M.O.I
LENGTH
517.5 x
1035 x 10 6
172.5 x 10 3
1035 x 10 6
123.07 x 10 3
3493.125
582.18 x 10 3
Beam
230 x
6000
106
300
230 x
8410
517.5 x
106
300
Beam
230 x
6000
1746.56 x
106
450
230 x
8410
230 x
6000
230 x
3493.125
415.35 x 10 3
x 106
4140 x
8280 x 10 6
1.38 x 106
8280 x 10 6
0.985 x 10 6
4140 x 10 6
1235.82 x
106
8410
4140 x
106
600
Column
106
600
230 x
x 106
1746.56 x
450
Beam
(mm3)
section
3350
4140 x
600
10
103
Frame 19-10-01:
Calculation of loads:
Roof:
Slab: 110mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.11 x 25) + 2.5 = 5.25 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5 KN/m2
Beam (19-10) (230mm X 300mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.3-0.11) = 1.1 KN/m
47
Due to Slab =
W x L 5.25 x 3.05
=
= 8 KN/m
2
2
W x L 1.5 x 3.05
=
= 2.29KN/m
2
2
W x L 5.25 x 3.05
=
= 8 KN/m
2
2
W x L 1.5 x 3.05
=
= 2.29KN/m
2
2
48
Member
D.F
Column
1235.82 x 103
1.41 x 106
0.88
Beam
172.5 x 10 3
Beam
172.5 x 10 3
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.81
Beam
123.07 x 103
0.08
Beam
123.07 x 103
column
1235.82 x 103
Calculation of
moments:
49
0.12
1.53 x 106
1.35 x 106
0.11
0.09
0.91
71.54
= 2.91m from the left support
24.6
71.54 x 2.91
- 64.85 = 39.24 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 53.46 KN
V2 + V3 = 13 x 8.41 =109.33 KN
V2 = 55.87 KN
50
53.46
= 4.12m from the right support
13
53.46 x 4.12
- 69.78 = 40.35 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 19-10 and maximum load on 10-01
51
35.13
= 2.7m from the left support
13
35.13 x 2.7
- 28.16 = 19.27 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 102.63 KN
V2 + V3 = 24.6 x 8.41 = 206.89 KN
V2 = 104.26 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
102.63
= 4.17m from the right support
24.6
52
102.63 x 4.17
- 136.01 = 77.97 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Max load on beam 19-10 and beam 10-01
53
69.68
= 2.83m from the left support
24.6
69.68 x 2.83
- 61.38 = 37.22 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 102.05 KN
V2 + V3 = 24.6 x 8.41 = 206.89 KN
V2 = 104.84 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
102.05
= 4.15m from the right support
24.6
102.05 x 4.15
- 134.65 = 77.1 KN-m
2
54
Column
Beam
Joint 2
Max
Beam
Column
Joint 3
Beam
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
64.85
64.65
39.24
78.43
1.5
78.93
40.35
69.78
69.86
28.96
28.96
29.27
53.16
89.7
142.86
77.97
136.01
135.67
61.38
61.38
37.22
86.09
59.67
145.76
77.1
134.64
134.48
Max
64.85
64.65
39.24
86.09
89.7
145.76
77.97
136.01
135.67
Joint 4
Joint 5
Joint 6
71.54
76.07
55.87
53.46
35.13
42.87
104.26
102.63
69.68
77.92
104.84
102.05
Maximum shear
71.54
77.92
104.84
102.63
71.54
182.76
Floor:
Slab: 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 4 KN/m2 for Beam 19-10
= 5 KN/m2 for Beam 10-01
Beam (19-10) (230mm X 450mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45-0.12) = 1.9 KN/m
55
102.63
Due to Slab =
W x L 4 x 3.05
=
= 6.1 KN/m
2
2
W x L 4 x 3.05
=
= 6.1KN/m
2
2
W x L 4 x 3.05
=
= 6.1 KN/m
2
2
W x L 5 x 3.05
=
= 7.625KN/m
2
2
56
Case 1:
Maximum load on beam 19-10 and minimum load on beam 10-01
Member
D.F
Column
1235.82 x 103
3.05 x 106
0.4
Beam
582.18 x 103
0.2
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.4
Beam
582.18 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.36
Beam
415.35 x 103
0.11
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.36
Beam
415.35 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.43
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.43
57
3.47 x 106
2.89 x 106
0.17
0.14
Calculation of moments:
58
125.97
= 2.86m from the left support
44.025
125.96 x 2.86
- 106.54 = 73.58 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 84.96 KN
V5 + V6 = 21 x 8.41 = 176.61 KN
V5 = 91.65 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
84.96
= 4.05m from the right support
21
84.96 x 4.05
- 105.76 = 66.28 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 19-10 and maximum load on beam 10-01
59
Calculation of moments:
60
51.19
= 2.45m from the left support
21
51.19 x 2.45
- 34.99 = 27.72 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 192.86 KN
V5 + V6 = 46.5 x 8.41 = 391.07 KN
V5 = 198.21 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
192.86
= 4.15m from the right support
46.5
192.86 x 4.15
- 246.62= 153.57 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
61
Calculation of moments:
119.82
= 2.72m from the left support
44.025
62
119.82 x 2.72
- 96.02 = 66.94 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 191.43 KN
V5 + V6 = 46.5 x 8.41 = 391.07 KN
V5 = 199.64 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
191.43
= 4.12m from the right support
46.5
191.43 x 4.12
- 242.87= 151.48 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
53.27
106.54
73.58
143.19
4.67
133.84
65.86
105.75
53.13
17.5
34.99
27.2
105.91
81.6
269.1
153.57
246.62
122.6
48.01
96.02
66.94
169.53
53.9
277.32
151.48
242.87
121.11
Max
53.27
106.54
73.58
169.53
81.6
277.32
153.57
246.62
122.6
Joint 4
Joint 5
125.6
138.18
91.65
84.96
51.19
74.81
198.21
192.85
119.82
144.33
199.64
191.43
Maximum shear
125.6
144.33
199.64
192.85
125.6
343.97
63
Joint 6
192.85
Frame 20-11-02:
Calculation of loads:
Roof:
Slab: 110mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.11 x 25) + 2.5 = 5.25 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5 KN/m2
Beam (20-11) (230mm X 450mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45-0.11) = 1.2 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 5.25 x 3.05= 16.0125 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab = W x L= 1.5 x 3.05= 4.6 KN/m
Therefore, Maximum load = 1.5 x (D.L + L.L) = 1.5 x (1.2+16.0125+4.6)
= 33 KN/m
Minimum load = 0.9 x D.L = 0.9 x (1.2+16.0125) = 15.49 KN/m
Beam (11-02) (230mm X 450mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45-0.11) = 1.2 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 5.25 x 3.05= 16.0125 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab = W x L= 1.5 x 3.05= 4.6 KN/m
64
Member
D.F
Column
1235.82 x 103
1.818 x 10 6
0.68
Beam
582.18 x 103
Beam
582.18 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.55
Beam
415.35 x 103
0.19
Beam
415.35 x 103
column
1235.82 x 103
65
0.32
2.234 x 10 6
1.651 x 10 6
0.26
0.25
0.75
Calculation of moments:
66
91.76
= 2.78m from the left support
33
91.76 x 2.78
- 68.42 = 59.13 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 60.66 KN
V2 + V3 = 15.49 x 8.41 =130.27 KN
V2 = 69.61 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
60.66
= 3.92m from the right support
15.49
60.66 x 3.92
- 67.38 = 51.51 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 20-11 and maximum load on 11-02
67
Calculation of moments:
68
33.46
= 2.16m from the left support
15.49
33.46 x 2.16
- 16.56 = 19.58 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 135.28 KN
V2 + V3 = 33 x 8.41 = 277.53 KN
V2 = 142.25 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
135.28
= 4.1m from the right support
33
135.28 x 4.1
- 158.81 = 118.52 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Max load on beam 20-11 and beam 11-02
69
85.22
= 2.58m from the left support
33
70
85.22 x 2.58
- 57.83 = 52.1 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V3 = 133.34 KN
V2 + V3 = 33 x 8.41 = 277.53 KN
V2 = 144.19 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
133.34
= 4.04m from the right support
33
133.34 x 4.04
- 153.93 = 115.42 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 2
Max
Beam
Column
Joint 3
Beam
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
68.42
68.42
59.13
111.87
6.84
105.0
51.51
67.38
68.22
16.58
16.58
19.58
94.59
93.54
188.13
118.52
158.81
155.58
57.85
57.83
52.1
140.51
59
199.51
115.42
153.93
152.3
Max
68.42
68.42
59.13
140.51
93.54
199.51
118.52
158.81
155.58
Joint 4
91.76
106.24
69.61
60.66
33.46
59.48
142.25
135.28
85.22
112.78
144.11
133.34
Maximum shear
91.76
112.78
144.11
135.28
Joint 5
91.76
256.89
71
Joint 6
135.28
Floor:
Slab: 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 4 KN/m2 for Beam 20-11
= 5 KN/m2 for Beam 11-02
Beam (20-11) (230mm X 600mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.6-0.12) = 2.76 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 4 x 3.05= 12.2 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab = W x L= 4 x 3.05= 12.2 KN/m
Therefore, Maximum load = 1.5 x (D.L + L.L) = 1.5 x (2.76+12.2+12.2)
= 41 KN/m
Minimum load = 0.9 x D.L = 0.9 x (2.76+12.2) = 13.5 KN/m
Beam (11-02) (230mm X 600mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.6-0.12) = 2.76 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 4 x 3.05= 12.2 KN/m
250mm thick wall = 0.25 x 20 x (3.35-0.45) = 14.5 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab = W x L= 5 x 3.05= 15.25KN/m
72
Member
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
K
1235.82 x 10
1.38 x 10
1235.82 x 10
1.38 x 10
0.32
3.85 x 10
0.985 x 10
0.29
3
4.84 x 10
1235.82 x 10
0.36
0.32
1235.82 x 10
0.26
0.19
0.26
Beam
0.985 x 10
Column
1235.82 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
73
D.F
K
3
0.28
3.46 x 106
0.36
0.36
Calculation of moments:
74
109.88
= 2.68m from the left support
41
109.88 x 2.68
- 75.53 = 71.71 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 104.63 KN
V5 + V6 = 26.5 x 8.41 = 222.87 KN
V5 = 118.24 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
104.63
= 3.95m from the right support
26.5
104.63 x 3.95
- 114.85 = 91.8 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 20-11 and maximum load on beam 11-02
75
Calculation of moments:
16.85
= 1.25m from the left support
13.5
76
16.85 x 1.25
- 12.92 = -2.39 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 275.05 KN
V5 + V6 = 67.1 x 8.41 = 564.31 KN
V5 = 289.26 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
275.05
= 4.1m from the right support
67.1
275.05 x 4.1
- 315.93= 247.92 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
77
Calculation of moments:
93.06
= 2.27m from the left support
41
78
93.06 x 2.27
- 49.25 = 56.37 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 271.97 KN
V5 + V6 = 67.1 x 8.41 = 564.31 KN
V5 = 292.34 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
271.97
= 4.05m from the right support
67.1
271.97 x 4.05
- 308.24= 242.5 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
37.77
75.53
71.71
154.21
8.9
172.08
91.8
114.85
57.45
6.42
12.92
3.092
158.17
108.74
375.67
247.92
315.93
153.37
24.66
49.25
56.37
228.89
82.5
393.9
242.5
308.24
150.94
Max
37.77
75.53
71.71
228.89
108.74
393.9
247.92
315.93
153.37
Joint 4
Joint 5
109.8
136.12
118.24
104.63
16.85
64.15
289.26
275.05
93.06
152.94
292.34
271.97
Maximum shear
109.8
152.94
292.34
275.05
109.8
445.28
79
Joint 6
275.05
Frame 24-15-06
Roof:
Same as frame 20-11-02
Floor:
Slab = 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 10 KN/m2 for Beam 24-15
= 2 KN/m2 for Beam 24-15
= 5 KN/m2 for Beam 15-06
Beam (24-15) (230mm X 600mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.6-0.12) = 2.76 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 4 x 3.05= 12.2 KN/m
150mm wall of 2.2m height = 0.15 x 20 x 2.2 = 6.6 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab =
5 x 3.05 2 x 3.05
+
= 10.675 KN/m
2
2
80
Case 1:
Maximum load on beam 24-15 and minimum load on beam 15-06
81
Member
Column
Beam
Column
K
1235.82 x 10
1.38 x 10
D.F
K
3
1235.82 x 10
0.32
3.85 x 10
0.36
0.32
Beam
1.38 x 10
Column
1235.82 x 103
Beam
0.985 x 10 6
0.19
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.26
Beam
0.985 x 10 6
0.28
Column
1235.82 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
Calculation of moments:
82
0.29
4.84 x 106
3.46 x 106
0.26
0.36
0.36
133.66
= 2.76m from the left support
48.5
133.66 x 2.76
- 95.08 = 89.37 KN-m
2
83
8.41
2
87.3
= 3.88m from the right support
22.5
87.3 x 3.88
- 93.64 = 75.72 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 24-15 and maximum load on beam 15-06
84
38.63
= 1.98m from the left support
19.5
38.63 x 1.98
- 14.68 = 23.56 KN-m
2
85
8.41
2
185.35
= 4.07m from the right support
45.5
185.35 x 4.07
- 211.34= 165.85 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
86
124.13
= 2.56m from the left support
48.5
124.13 x 2.56
- 80.19 = 78.7 KN-m
2
182.1
= 4m from the right support
45.5
87
8.41
2
182.1 x 4
- 203.22= 160.98 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
47.54
95.08
89.37
166.11
5.5
155.12
75.72
93.64
47.54
7.34
14.63
23.56
133.86
63.86
261.6
166.85
211.34
103.08
40.11
80.19
78.7
208.43
36.19
280.82
160.98
203.22
100.52
Max
47.54
95.08
89.37
208.43
63.86
280.82
166.85
211.34
103.08
Joint 4
Joint 5
133.66
157.34
101.93
87.3
38.63
78.37
197.31
185.35
124.13
166.87
200.56
182.1
Maximum shear
133.66
166.87
200.56
185.35
133.66
367.43
Frame 25-16-07
Roof:
Same as frame 20-11-02
Floor:
Slab = 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 2 KN/m2 for Beam 25-16
88
Joint 6
185.35
2 x 3.05 3 x 3.05
+
= 7.625 KN/m
2
2
5 x 3.05 6 x 3.05
+
= 16.775 KN/m
2
2
Member
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Beam
Column
Column
K
1235.82 x 10
1.38 x 10
1235.82 x 10
1.38 x 10
0.32
3.85 x 10
0.985 x 10
0.985 x 10
0.29
3
4.84 x 10
1235.82 x 10
0.36
0.32
1235.82 x 10
0.26
0.19
0.26
0.28
1235.82 x 10
1235.82 x 10
90
D.F
K
3
3.46 x 10
0.36
0.36
Calculation of moments:
91
120.89
= 2.75m from the left support
44
120.89 x 2.75
- 85.69 = 80.45 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 82.86 KN
V5 + V6 = 21.3 x 8.41 = 179.13 KN
V5 = 96.27 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
82.86
= 3.89m from the right support
21.3
82.86 x 3.89
- 89.17 = 72 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 25-16 and maximum load on beam 16-07
92
93
33.65
= 1.73m from the left support
19.5
33.65 x 1.73
- 6.85 = 22.26 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 234.86 KN
V5 + V6 = 57.51 x 8.41 = 483.66 KN
V5 = 248.8 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
234.86
= 4.08m from the right support
57.51
234.86 x 4.08
- 268.6= 210.5 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
94
Calculation of moments:
95
105.89
= 2.41m from the left support
44
105.89 x 2.41
- 62.24 = 65.36 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 231.56 KN
V5 + V6 = 67.1 x 8.41 = 483.66 KN
V5 = 252.1 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
231.56
= 4.03m from the right support
57.51
231.56 x 4.03
- 257.17= 209.42 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
42.84
85.69
80.45
152.33
3.38
145.56
72
89.17
45.17
3.46
6.85
22.26
155.96
85.63
327.23
210.5
268.55
130.75
31.15
62.24
65.36
218.95
62.25
343.47
209.42
261.7
128.6
Max
42.84
85.69
80.45
218.95
85.63
343.47
210.5
268.55
130.75
96
Joint 4
Joint 5
Joint 6
120.89
143.11
96.27
82.86
33.65
83.35
248.8
234.86
105.89
158.11
251.1
231.56
Maximum shear
120.89
158.11
251.1
234.86
120.89
409.21
Frame 26-17-08
Roof:
Same as frame 20-11-02
Floor:
Slab = 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 3 KN/m2 for Beam 26-17
= 6 KN/m2 for Beam 17-08
Beam (26-17) (230mm X 600mm)
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.6-0.12) = 2.76 KN/m
Due to Slab = W x L= 4 x 3.05= 12.2 KN/m
Live load:
Due to Slab = 3 x 3.05= 9.15 KN/m
Therefore, Maximum load = 1.5 x (D.L + L.L) = 1.5x (2.76+12.2+9.15)
= 36.2 KN/m
97
234.86
Case 1:
Maximum load on beam 26-17 and minimum load on beam 17-08
98
Member
Column
1235.82 x 103
Beam
1.38 x 106
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.32
Beam
1.38 x 106
0.29
Column
1235.82 x 103
Beam
0.985 x 10 6
0.19
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.26
Beam
0.985 x 10 6
0.28
Column
1235.82 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
Calculation of moments:
99
D.F
0.32
3.85 x 106
4.84 x 106
3.46 x 106
0.36
0.26
0.36
0.36
101.13
= 2.8m from the left support
36.2
101.13 x 2.8
- 73.1 = 68.48 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 51.59KN
V5 + V6 = 13.5 x 8.41 = 113.54 KN
V5 = 61.95 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
51.59
= 3.82m from the right support
13.5
100
51.59 x 3.82
- 54.2 = 44.34 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 26-17 and maximum load on beam 17-08
Calculation of moments:
101
19.69
= 1.46m from the left support
13.5
19.69 x 1.46
- 1.84 = 12.54 KN-m
2
204.57
= 4.09m from the right support
50
102
8.41
2
204.57 x 4.09
- 234.45= 183.9 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
103
86
= 2.38m from the left support
36.2
86 x 2.38
- 49.5 = 52.84 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 202.03 KN
V5 + V6 = 50 x 8.41 = 420.5 KN
V5 = 218.47 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
202.03
= 4.04m from the right support
50
104
202.03 x 4.04
- 228.1= 180 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
36.55
73.1
68.48
117.93
10.07
97.78
44.34
54.2
27.9
0.9
1.85
12.54
126.71
77.74
282.21
183.9
234.45
113.98
24.76
49.5
52.84
185.08
56.08
297.26
180
228.1
111.97
Max
36.55
73.1
68.48
185.08
77.74
297.26
183.9
234.45
113.98
Joint 4
Joint 5
101.13
116.07
61.95
51.59
19.69
61.31
215.93
204.57
86
131.2
218.47
202.03
Maximum shear
101.13
131.2
218.47
204.57
101.13
349.67
Frame 27-18-09
Roof:
Same as of roof frame 19-10-01
Floor:
Slab: 120mm
Dead load = self weight + F.F
= (0.12 x 25) + 1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 3 KN/m2 for Beam 27-18
105
Joint 6
204.57
W x L 4 x 3.05
=
= 6.1 KN/m
2
2
W x L 3 x 3.05
=
= 4.6KN/m
2
2
W x L 4 x 3.05
=
= 6.1 KN/m
2
2
W x L 6 x 3.05
=
= 9.15KN/m
2
2
Case 1:
Maximum load on beam 27-18 and minimum load on beam 18-09
Member
Column
Beam
Column
K
1235.82 x 10
582.18 x 10
D.F
K
3
3.05 x 10
1235.82 x 10
0.2
0.4
0.4
3.47 x 10
Beam
582.18 x 10
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.36
Beam
415.35 x 103
0.11
0.17
Column
1235.82 x 10
Beam
415.35 x 103
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.43
Column
1235.82 x 103
0.43
107
0.36
2.89 x 106
0.14
Calculation of moments:
6
+ 137.6
2
V5 = 132.06 KN
V4 + V5 = 42 x 6 = 252 KN
V4 = 119.94 KN
108
119.94
= 2.86m from the left support
42
119.94 x 2.86
- 101.22 = 70.3 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 85.14 KN
V5 + V6 = 21 x 8.41 = 176.61 KN
V5 = 91.47 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
85.14
= 4.05m from the right support
21
85.14 x 4.05
- 106.52 = 65.89 KN-m
2
Case 2:
Minimum load on beam 27-18 and maximum load on beam 18-09
109
110
50.66
= 2.41m from the left support
21
50.66 x 2.41
- 34.07 = 26.98 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 201.63 KN
V5 + V6 = 48.6 x 8.41 = 408.73 KN
V5 = 207.1 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
201.63
= 4.15m from the right support
48.6
201.63 x 4.15
- 257.96= 160.42 KN-m
2
Case 3:
Maximum load on both beams
111
X=
113.2
= 2.7m from the left support
42
113.2 x 2.7
- 89.24 = 63.58 KN-m
2
8.41
2
V6 = 200.33 KN
V5 + V6 = 48.6 x 8.41 = 408.73 KN
V5 = 208.4 KN
Maximum Span moment,
X=
200.33
= 4.12m from the right support
48.6
200.33 x 4.12
- 254.55= 158.33 KN-m
2
Column
Beam
Joint 5
Max
Beam
Column
Beam
Joint 6
Max
span
span
moment
moment
Beam
Column
50.61
101.22
70.3
137.6
2.24
133.12
65.89
106.09
53.26
17.04
34.07
26.98
108.08
86.44
280.96
160.42
257.96
128.22
44.62
89.24
63.58
166.06
61.2
288.45
158.33
254.55
126.86
Max
50.61
101.22
70.3
166.06
86.44
288.45
160.42
257.96
128.22
Case no.
Joint 4
Joint 5
119.94
132.06
91.47
85.14
50.66
75.34
207.28
201.63
113.2
138.8
208.4
200.33
Maximum shear
119.94
138.8
208.4
200.33
119.94
347.2
114
Joint 6
200.33
4. DESIGN OF BEAMS
Bending moment diagram for entire building:
115
1. Longitudinal beams
a. Beam 23-24
Roof:
Section:
230mm x 300mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 300 25 = 275mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
Loads:
Slab: 110mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish
= 0.11 x 25 +2.5 = 5.25 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.3 0.11) = 1.1 KN/m
Slab =
5.25 x 3.05
= 2.67 KN/m
6
20 x 0.25 x 1 = 5 KN/m
Live load:
Slab =
1.5 x 3.05
= 0.76 KN/m
6
Maximum load on column removing the triangular load = 1.5 (1.1 +5)
= 9.15 KN/m
Shear on column =
Design moment:
Mu =
14.3 x (3.05)2
= 11.09 x 10 6 N-mm = 11.09 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
From IS456-2000, P96a, clause G-1.1 (b), we have
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 275
4 x 116.12
= 1.5 say 2 bars
x 102
x 10 2 = 157.08 mm2
4
Wu x Lx 14.3 x 3.05
=
= 21.81KN
2
2
v=
Vu
21.81 x 10 3
=
= 0.35 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 275
117
0.25
Therefore,
0.36
c=
0.36 N/mm2
v approximately equals
to
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
Floor:
Section:
230mm x 450mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 450 25 = 425mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
118
Loads:
Slab: 120mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish
= 0.12 x 25 +1 = 4 KN/m2
Live load = 10 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45 0.12) = 1.9 KN/m
Slab =
4 x 3.05
= 2.03 KN/m
6
Live load:
Slab =
10 x 3.05
= 5.08 KN/m
6
Therefore, Total load (W) = 1.9 + 2.03 + 15.25 + 5.08 = 24.26 KN/m
Factored load (Wu) = 1.5 x 24.26 = 36.39 KN/m
Maximum load on column removing the triangular load = 1.5 (1.9 +5.08)
= 25.725 KN/m
Shear on column =
Design moment:
Mu =
36.39 x (3.05)2
= 28.21 x 106 N-mm = 28.21 KN-m
12
119
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 425
4 x 191.64
= 2.33 say 3 bars
x 102
x 10 2 = 235.62 mm2
4
Wu x Lx 36.39 x 3.05
=
= 55.5KN
2
2
v=
Vu
55.5 x 103
=
= 0.57 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 425
0.15
0.28
0.24
0.25
0.36
Therefore,
c=
0.28 +
Therefore,
>
0.36-0.28
x (0.24-0.15) = 0.352 N/mm2
0.25-0.15
c,
120
exceeds
c,
cbd.
The strength of
0.87 x fy x Asv x d
sv
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
121
Asv =
b. Beam 14-15
Roof:
Section:
230mm x 300mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 300 25 = 275mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
Loads:
Slab: 110mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish
= 0.11 x 25 +2.5 = 5.25 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.3 0.11) = 1.1 KN/m
Slab = 2 x
5.25 x 3.05
= 5.34 KN/m
6
122
Live load:
Slab = 2 x
1.5 x 3.05
= 1.53 KN/m
6
Design moment:
Mu =
11.96 x (3.05)2
= 9.27 x 10 6 N-mm = 9.27 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 275
4 x 96.41
= 1.91 say 2 bars
x 82
x 82 = 100.53 mm2
4
Wu x Lx 11.96 x 3.05
=
= 18.239KN
2
2
v=
Vu
18.239 x 103
=
= 0.29 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 275
Consider Pt =
0.15
Therefore,
0.28
c=
0.28 N/mm2
v approximately equals
to
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
124
Floor:
Section:
230mm x 450mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 450 25 = 425mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
Loads:
Slab: 120mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish + wall
= 0.12 x 25 +1 + 1.5 = 5.5 KN/m2
Live load = 10 KN/m2 + 5 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45 0.12) = 1.9 KN/m
Slab =
Live load:
Slab =
15 x 3.05
= 7.625 KN/m
6
Therefore, Total load (W) = 1.9 + 4.83 + 6.6 + 7.625 = 20.955 KN/m
Factored load (Wu) = 1.5 x 20.955 = 31.4325 KN/m
Maximum load on column removing the triangular load = 1.5 (1.9 +6.6)
= 12.75 KN/m
125
Shear on column =
Design moment:
Mu =
31.4325 x (3.05)2
= 24.37 x 106 N-mm = 24.37 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 425
4 x 164.5
= 2.1 say 3 bars
x 102
x 10 2 = 235.62 mm2
4
Wu x Lx 20.955 x 3.05
=
= 31.96KN
2
2
v=
Vu
31.96 x 10 3
=
= 0.33 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 425
0.28
126
0.24
0.25
0.36
Therefore,
c=
0.28 +
Therefore,
0.36-0.28
x (0.24-0.15) = 0.352 N/mm2
0.25-0.15
approximately equals to
c,
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
c. Beam 7-8
Roof:
Section:
230mm x 300mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 300 25 = 275mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
127
Loads:
Slab: 110mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish
= 0.11 x 25 +2.5 = 5.25 KN/m2
Live load = 1.5 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.3 0.11) = 1.1 KN/m
Slab =
5.25 x 3.05
= 2.67 KN/m
6
20 x 0.25 x 1 = 5 KN/m
Live load:
Slab =
1.5 x 3.05
= 0.76 KN/m
6
Design moment:
Mu =
14.3 x (3.05)2
= 11.09 x 10 6 N-mm = 11.09 KN-m
12
128
Calculation of Ast:
From IS456-2000, P96a, clause G-1.1 (b), we have
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 275
4 x 116.12
= 1.5 say 2 bars
x 102
x 10 2 = 157.08 mm2
4
Wu x Lx 14.3 x 3.05
=
= 21.81KN
2
2
v=
Vu
21.81 x 10 3
=
= 0.35 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 275
0.25
Therefore,
0.36
c=
0.36 N/mm2
v approximately equals
to
129
Asv =
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
Floor:
Section:
230mm x 450mm (b x D)
Cover: 25mm
Effective depth (d) = 450 25 = 425mm
Concrete: M20
Steel: Fe415
Loads:
Slab: 120mm thick
Dead load = self weight + floor finish + wall
= 0.12 x 25 +1 + 1.5 = 5.5 KN/m2
Live load = 6 KN/m2
Acting on beam:
Dead load:
Self weight = 0.23 x 25 x (0.45 0.12) = 1.9 KN/m
130
Slab =
5.5 x 3.05
= 2.8 KN/m
6
Live load:
Slab =
6 x 3.05
= 3.05 KN/m
6
Design moment:
Mu =
34.5 x (3.05)2
= 26.75 x 10 6 N-mm = 26.75 KN-m
12
Calculation of Ast:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1 -
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 230 x 425
4 x 181.3
= 2.31 say 3 bars
x 102
x 10 2 = 235.62 mm2
4
131
Wu x Lx 34.5 x 3.05
=
= 52.61KN
2
2
v=
52.61 x 10 3
Vu
=
= 0.54 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 425
0.15
0.28
0.24
0.25
0.36
Therefore,
c=
0.28 +
Therefore,
0.36-0.28
x (0.24-0.15) = 0.352 N/mm2
0.25-0.15
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
133
2. Transverse beams:
a. Beam 19-10 and Beam 10-01
134
For Fe 415,
xumax
xumax
x (1- 0.42 x
) x b x d2 x fck
d
d
xumax
= 0.48
d
d' 25
=
= 0.1
d 275
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
135
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 275
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
4200
+ (6 x 110) + 230
6
= 1590 mm
136
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 275
d' 25
=
= 0.1
d 275
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 275
137
d' 25
=
= 0.1
d 275
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 275
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 110) + 230
6
= 1871.16 mm
138
415 x Ast5
)
20 x 230 x 275
d' 25
=
= 0.1
d 275
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 275
139
To find Ast2:
Ast2 =
v=
Vu
71.54 x 10 3
=
= 1.13 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 275
1.25
Therefore,
0.67
c=
0.67 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
140
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
v=
Vu
77.92 x 10 3
=
= 1.23 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 275
0.72
141
1.62
1.75
0.75
Therefore,
c=
0.72 +
Therefore,
0.75-0.72
x (1.62-1.5) = 0.734 N/mm2
1.75-1.5
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
142
At middle support:
End shear = (Vu) = 104.84 KN
Nominal shear stress,
v=
Vu
104.84 x 103
=
= 1.66 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 275
2.67
Therefore,
0.82
c=
0.82 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
143
Asv =
v=
Vu
102.63 x 103
=
= 1.63 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 275
2.5
Therefore,
0.82
c=
0.82 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
144
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
145
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 425
146
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
147
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.67 mm
Ast:
153.57 x 10 6 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast5 x 425 x (1-
415 x Ast5
)
20 x 230 x 425
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
149
0.5
0.48
0.56
0.75
0.56
Therefore,
c=
0.48 +
Therefore,
0.56-0.48
x (0.56-0.5) = 0.5 N/mm2
0.75-0.5
> c,
cbd
150
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
Vu
144.35 x 103
=
= 1.48 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 425
1.25
0.67
1.34
1.5
0.72
151
Therefore,
c=
0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.34-1.25) = 0.69 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
152
2.00
Therefore,
0.79
c=
0.79 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
Vu
192.85 x 103
=
= 1.97 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 425
153
1.75
0.75
1.89
0.79
Therefore,
c=
0.75 +
Therefore,
0.79-0.75
x (1.89-1.75) = 0.77 N/mm2
2-1.75
> c,
cbd
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
155
156
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
4200
+ (6 x 110) + 230 = 1590 mm
6
157
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 425
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
158
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
To find Ast2:
Ast2 =
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
159
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 110) + 230
6
= 1871.17 mm
415 x Ast5
)
20 x 230 x 425
d' 25
=
= 0.05
d 425
160
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 425
v=
Vu
91.76 x 10 3
=
= 0.94 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 425
161
0.5
0.48
0.51
0.75
0.56
Therefore,
c=
0.48 +
Therefore,
0.56-0.48
x (0.51-0.5) = 0.483 N/mm2
0.75-0.5
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
Vu
112.78 x 103
=
= 1.15 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 425
1.00
0.62
1.15
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.15-1.00) = 0.65 N/mm2
1.25-1
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
163
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
v=
Vu
144.11 x 103
=
= 1.47 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 425
1.50
0.72
1.64
1.75
0.75
164
Therefore,
c=
0.72 +
Therefore,
0.75-0.72
x (1.64 1.5) = 0.74 N/mm2
1.75-1.5
> c,
cbd
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
165
1.25
0.67
1.27
1.5
0.72
Therefore,
c=
0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.27-1.25) = 0.674 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
166
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
168
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
169
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.17 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
171
v=
Vu
109.8 x 10 3
=
= 0.87 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 550
0.25
0.36
0.32
0.5
0.48
Therefore,
c=
0.36 +
Therefore,
0.48-0.36
x (0.32-0.25) = 0.4 N/mm2
0.5-0.25
> c,
cbd
172
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
v=
Vu
152.94 x 103
=
= 1.21 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
173
1.00
0.62
1.12
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.12-1) = 0.65 N/mm2
1.25-1
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
174
At middle support:
End shear = (Vu) = 292.34 KN
Nominal shear stress,
v=
Vu
292.34 x 103
=
= 2.31 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.75
0.75
1.84
2.00
0.79
Therefore,
c=
0.75 +
Therefore,
0.79-0.75
x (1.84-1.75) = 0.77 N/mm2
2-1.75
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
175
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
Vu
275.05 x 103
=
= 2.18 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.5
Therefore,
0.72
c=
0.72 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
176
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
177
178
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
Therefore, bf =
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
180
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
To find Ast2:
Ast2 =
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.17 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
182
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
183
v=
133.66 x 103
Vu
=
= 1.06 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
0.25
0.36
0.42
0.5
0.48
Therefore,
c=
0.36 +
Therefore,
0.48-0.36
x (0.42-0.25) = 0.44 N/mm2
0.5-0.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
184
Asv
0.4
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
Vu
166.87 x 103
=
= 1.32 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.00
0.62
1.03
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.03-1) = 0.63 N/mm2
1.25-1
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
185
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
200.56 x 103
Vu
=
= 1.59 N/mm2
230 x 550
bxd
1.25
0.67
1.34
1.50
0.72
Therefore,
c=
0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.34-1.25) = 0.69 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
186
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
v=
Vu
185.35 x 103
=
= 1.47 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
187
0.62
Therefore,
c=
0.62 N/mm2
Therefore,
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
0.87 x fy
b x Sv
Asv =
188
189
FLOOR:
The moments acting on the beam are:
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
191
Therefore, bf =
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
192
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
193
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
To find Ast2:
Ast2 =
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.17 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
194
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
v=
120.89 x 103
Vu
=
= 0.96 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
0.25
0.36
0.37
0.5
0.48
Therefore,
c=
0.36 +
Therefore,
0.48-0.36
x (0.37-0.25) = 0.42 N/mm2
0.5-0.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
196
Asv =
Vu
158.11 x 103
=
= 1.25 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.00
0.62
1.07
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.07-1) = 0.634 N/mm2
1.25-1
> c,
cbd
197
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
251.1 x 10 3
Vu
=
= 2 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 550
1.5
0.72
1.62
1.75
0.75
Therefore,
c=
0.72 +
Therefore,
0.75-0.72
x (1.62-1.5) = 0.73 N/mm2
1.75-1.5
> c,
198
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
Vu
234.86 x 103
=
= 1.86 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
0.67
199
1.29
1.5
0.72
Therefore,
c=
= 0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.29-1.25) = 0.68 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
200
FLOOR:
The moments acting on the beam are:
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
203
Therefore, bf =
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
fy x Ast3
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast3
)
20 x 230 x 550
204
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
205
Therefore, bf =
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.17 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
206
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
0.25
0.36
0.31
0.5
0.48
207
Therefore,
c=
0.36 +
Therefore,
0.48-0.36
x (0.31-0.25) = 0.39 N/mm2
0.5-0.25
> c,
cbd
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
208
0.75
0.56
0.91
1.00
0.62
Therefore,
c=
0.56 +
Therefore,
0.62-0.56
x (0.91-0.75) = 0.6 N/mm2
1-0.75
> c,
cbd
209
Asv
0.4
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
Vu
218.47 x 103
=
= 1.73 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.25
0.67
1.42
1.5
0.72
Therefore,
c=
0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.42-1.25) = 0.71 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
210
Therefore,
0.87 x fy x Asv x d 0.87 x 415 x 157.07 x 550
=
Vus
128655
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
204.57 x 103
Vu
=
= 1.62 N/mm2
230 x 550
bxd
1.00
0.62
1.11
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
= 0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.11-1.00) = 0.64 N/mm2
1.25-1.00
> c,
211
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
212
213
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
Therefore, bf =
4200
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1650 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
fy x Ast3
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast3
)
20 x 230 x 550
215
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
l0
+ (6 x Df) + b w
6
216
Therefore, bf =
5887
+ (6 x 120) + 230
6
= 1931.17 mm
415 x Ast2
)
20 x 230 x 550
d' 50
=
= 0.1
d 550
To find Ast1:
Mulimit = 0.87 x fy x Ast1 x d x (1 -
fy x Ast1
)
fck x b x d
217
415 x Ast1
)
20 x 230 x 550
0.25
0.36
0.44
0.5
0.48
Therefore,
c=
0.36 +
Therefore,
0.48-0.36
x (0.44-0.25) = 0.45 N/mm2
0.5-0.25
> c,
218
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
219
0.75
0.56
0.79
1.00
0.62
Therefore,
c=
0.56 +
Therefore,
0.62-0.56
x (0.79-0.75) = 0.57 N/mm2
1-0.75
> c,
cbd
2 x x 82
= 100.53mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
220
At middle support:
End shear = (Vu) = 208.4 KN
Nominal shear stress,
v=
Vu
208.4 x 10 3
=
= 1.65 N/mm2
b x d 230 x 550
Ast = 1739.5mm2
Consider Pt =
1.25
0.67
1.38
1.5
0.72
Therefore,
c=
0.67 +
Therefore,
0.72-0.67
x (1.38-1.25) = 0.7 N/mm2
1.5-1.25
> c,
cbd
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
221
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
v=
Vu
200.33 x 103
=
= 1.58 N/mm2
bxd
230 x 550
1.00
0.62
1.24
1.25
0.67
Therefore,
c=
= 0.62 +
Therefore,
0.67-0.62
x (1.24-1.00) = 0.67 N/mm2
1.25-1.00
> c,
cbd
222
Asv =
2 x x 10 2
= 157.07mm2
4
Therefore,
Spacing of stirrups, sv =
b x Sv
0.87 x fy
Asv =
223
5. DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Since the loads and moments in the three columns in a frame are different. Each of the
Column is required to be designed separately. However, when entire building is to be
designed, there will be a number of other columns along with each of the above columns to
form a group.
Since exact values of Pu and Mu are known for all storeys for all columns, the column
section will be designed using exact method using charts and tables. Charts are useful for any
column. It is advisable to have curves plotted of Pu-Mu for standard sections normally used in
building design to avoid calculations.
All the columns are subjected to axial loads and uni-axial bending. They will be
designed to resist Pu and Mu for bending about x- x axis which is the major axis.
For frame 19-10-01:
Columns are C19 at left end, C10 at middle and C01 at right end of the frame.
The moments and axial forces are calculated in analysis of frames and design of
beams. We have transverse frames and in these frames the plinth level transverse beams are
absent and longitudinal beams are present at the plinth level.
In each level the types of loads are:
1. Max shear from transverse beams
2. Shear from longitudinal beams
3. Self weight of columns.
But in plinth level shear from transverse beams is absent. We have only two values at the
plinth level
Section: 230mm x 600mm
Cover (d) = 50mm
Minimum eccentricity (ex,min) =
= 20mm
224
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
102.83
64.85
2.68
64.85
5-4
2900
25.8
271.485
53.27
53.27
4-3
2900
25.8
440.14
53.27
11.36
53.27
3-2
2900
25.8
608.795
53.27
15.71
53.27
2-1
2900
25.8
777.45
53.27
20.06
53.27
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
946.11
53.27
28.19
53.27
Plinth
29.8
982.185
29.27
29.27
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.04
0.04
0.015
0.3
5-4
0.1
0.03
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.16
0.03
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.22
0.03
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.28
0.03
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.34
0.03
0.01
0.2
Plinth Footing
0.36
0.02
0.01
0.2
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
227
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
202.61
89.7
5.29
89.70
5-4
2900
25.8
583.35
81.6
15.05
81.60
4-3
2900
25.8
964.09
81.6
24.87
81.60
3-2
2900
25.8
1344.83
81.6
34.70
81.60
2-1
2900
25.8
1725.57
81.6
44.52
81.60
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
2106.31
81.6
62.77
81.60
29.8
2136.1
63.66
63.66
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.05
0.02
0.4
5-4
0.21
0.05
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.35
0.05
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.49
0.05
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.63
0.05
0.08
1.6
1- Plinth
0.76
0.05
0.12
2.4
Plinth Footing
0.77
0.04
0.12
2.4
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
4 x 2208
= 7 bars
x (20)2
2.4
x 230 x 600 = 3312 mm2
100
4 x 3312
= 6.75 bars say 8 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
229
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
2208
8 bars of 20mm
1-Plinth
3312
8 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
3312
8 bars of 25mm
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
133.97
136.67
3.50
136.67
5-4
2900
25.8
383.39
122.6
9.89
122.60
4-3
2900
25.8
632.81
122.6
16.33
122.60
3-2
2900
25.8
882.23
122.6
22.76
122.60
2-1
2900
25.8
1131.65
122.6
29.20
122.60
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
1381.07
122.6
41.16
122.60
Plinth
29.8
1430.66
42.63
42.63
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
230
Storey
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.08
0.02
0.4
5-4
0.14
0.07
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.23
0.07
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.32
0.07
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.41
0.07
0.04
0.8
1- Plinth
0.50
0.07
0.06
1.2
Plinth Footing
0.52
0.03
0.06
1.2
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
For P=1.2%
Ast =
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27 say 6 bars
x (20)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 20 = 5mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1656
6 bars of 20mm
Plinth footing
1656
6 bars of 20mm
232
= 20mm
233
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
137.01
68.42
3.53
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
315.59
37.77
8.05
37.77
4-3
2750
25.5
494.17
37.77
12.60
37.77
3-2
2750
25.5
672.75
37.77
17.16
37.77
2-1
2750
25.5
851.33
37.77
21.71
37.77
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1029.91
37.77
30.38
37.77
Plinth
29.5
1091.71
32.21
32.21
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.11
0.02
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.18
0.02
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.24
0.02
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.31
0.02
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.37
0.02
0.01
0.2
Plinth Footing
0.40
0.02
0.01
0.2
234
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
235
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
279.26
93.54
7.20
93.54
5-4
2750
25.5
806.49
108.74
20.57
108.74
4-3
2750
25.5
1307.98
108.74
33.35
108.74
3-2
2750
25.5
1809.47
108.74
46.14
108.74
2-1
2750
25.5
2310.96
108.74
58.93
108.74
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
2812.45
108.74
82.97
108.74
29.5
2861.68
84.42
84.42
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.10
0.06
0.02
0.4
5-4
0.29
0.07
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.47
0.07
0.06
1.2
3-2
0.66
0.07
0.1
2-1
0.84
0.07
0.16
3.2
1- Plinth
1.02
0.07
0.2
Plinth Footing
1.04
0.05
0.2
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
236
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27, say 6 bars
x (20)2
2
x 230 x 600 = 2760 mm2
100
4 x 2760
= 5.62 bars say 6 bars
x (25)2
3.2
x 230 x 600 = 4416 mm2
100
4 x 4416
= 9 bars
x (25)2
4
x 230 x 600 = 5520 mm2
100
4 x 5520
= 11.24 say 12 bars
x (25)2
237
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1656
6 bars of 20mm
3-2
2760
6 bars of 25mm
2-1
4416
10 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
5520
12 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
5520
12 bars of 25mm
238
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
180.53
155.8
4.66
155.80
5-4
2750
25.5
551.39
153.37
14.06
153.37
4-3
2750
25.5
922.25
153.37
23.52
153.37
3-2
2750
25.5
1293.11
153.37
32.97
153.37
2-1
2750
25.5
1663.97
153.37
42.43
153.37
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
2034.83
153.37
60.03
153.37
Plinth
29.5
2123.66
62.65
62.65
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.8
5-4
0.20
0.09
0.04
0.8
4-3
0.33
0.09
0.06
1.2
3-2
0.47
0.09
0.08
1.6
2-1
0.60
0.09
0.1
1- Plinth
0.74
0.09
0.14
2.8
Plinth Footing
0.77
0.04
0.16
3.2
For P = 0.8%
Ast =
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
239
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27 say 6 bars
x (20)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
4 x 2208
= 4.5 say 6 bars
x (25)2
2
x 230 x 600 = 2760 mm2
100
4 x 2760
= 5.62 bars say 6 bars
x (25)2
2.8
x 230 x 600 = 3864 mm2
100
4 x 3864
= 7.87 bars say 8 bars
x (25)2
240
For P = 3.2%
Ast =
3.2
x 230 x 600 = 4416 mm2
100
4 x 4416
= 9 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1656
6 bars of 20mm
3-2
2208
6 bars of 25mm
2-1
2760
6 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
3864
8 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
4416
10 bars of 25mm
241
= 20mm
242
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
137.01
68.42
3.53
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
339.45
47.54
8.66
47.54
4-3
2750
25.5
541.89
47.54
13.82
47.54
3-2
2750
25.5
744.33
47.54
18.98
47.54
2-1
2750
25.5
946.77
47.54
24.14
47.54
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1149.21
47.54
33.90
47.54
Plinth
29.5
1211.01
35.72
35.72
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.12
0.03
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.20
0.03
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.27
0.03
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.34
0.03
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.42
0.03
0.01
0.2
Plinth Footing
0.44
0.02
0.01
0.2
243
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
244
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
279.26
93.54
7.20
93.54
5-4
2750
25.5
702.9
63.86
17.92
63.86
4-3
2750
25.5
1126.54
63.86
28.73
63.86
3-2
2750
25.5
1550.18
63.86
39.53
63.86
2-1
2750
25.5
1973.82
63.86
50.33
63.86
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
2397.46
63.86
70.73
70.73
29.5
2446.69
72.18
72.18
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.10
0.06
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.25
0.04
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.41
0.04
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.56
0.04
0.06
1.2
2-1
0.72
0.04
0.1
1- Plinth
0.87
0.04
0.16
3.2
Plinth Footing
0.89
0.04
0.16
3.2
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
245
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27, say 6 bars
x (20)2
2
x 230 x 600 = 2760 mm2
100
4 x 2760
= 5.62 bars say 6 bars
x (25)2
3.2
x 230 x 600 = 4416 mm2
100
4 x 4416
= 9 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
246
Design of pitch:
1. Least lateral dimension = 230mm
2. 16 x diameter of main steel bar = 16 x 25 = 400 mm
3. 300mm
Minimum of the above values is considered.
Therefore, provide 8mm bars @230mm c/c.
No. of bars:
Storey
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1656
6 bars of 20mm
2-1
2760
6 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
4416
10 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
4416
10 bars of 25mm
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
180.53
155.8
4.66
155.80
5-4
2750
25.5
461.69
103.08
11.77
103.08
4-3
2750
25.5
742.85
103.08
18.94
103.08
3-2
2750
25.5
1024.01
103.08
26.11
103.08
2-1
2750
25.5
1305.17
103.08
33.28
103.08
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1586.33
103.08
46.80
103.08
Plinth
29.5
1675.16
49.42
49.42
Footing
247
From
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.8
5-4
0.17
0.06
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.27
0.06
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.37
0.06
0.02
0.4
2-1
0.47
0.06
0.04
0.8
1- Plinth
0.57
0.06
0.08
1.6
Plinth Footing
0.61
0.03
0.08
1.6
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
4 x 2208
= 4.5 say 6 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
248
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
2208
6 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
2208
6 bars of 25mm
249
= 20mm
250
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
137.01
68.42
3.53
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
326.68
42.84
8.33
42.84
4-3
2750
25.5
516.35
42.84
13.17
42.84
3-2
2750
25.5
706.02
42.84
18.00
42.84
2-1
2750
25.5
895.69
42.84
22.84
42.84
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1085.36
42.84
32.02
42.84
Plinth
29.5
1147.16
33.84
33.84
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.12
0.03
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.19
0.03
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.26
0.03
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.32
0.03
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.39
0.03
0.02
0.4
Plinth Footing
0.42
0.02
0.02
0.4
251
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
252
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
279.26
68.42
7.20
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
744.68
42.84
18.99
42.84
4-3
2750
25.5
1210.1
42.84
30.86
42.84
3-2
2750
25.5
1675.52
42.84
42.73
42.84
2-1
2750
25.5
2140.94
42.84
54.59
54.59
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
2606.36
42.84
76.89
76.89
29.5
2655.59
78.34
78.34
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.10
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.27
0.03
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.44
0.03
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.61
0.03
0.08
1.6
2-1
0.78
0.03
0.12
2.4
1- Plinth
0.94
0.05
0.18
3.6
Plinth Footing
0.96
0.05
0.18
3.6
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
253
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
4 x 2208
= 4.5 say 6 bars
x (20)2
2.4
x 230 x 600 = 3312 mm2
100
4 x 3312
= 6.77 bars say 8 bars
x (25)2
3.6
x 230 x 600 = 4968 mm2
100
4 x 4968
= 10.12, say 12 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
254
Design of pitch:
1. Least lateral dimension = 230mm
2. 16 x diameter of main steel bar = 16 x 25 = 400 mm
3. 300mm
Minimum of the above values is considered.
Therefore, provide 8mm bars @230mm c/c.
No. of bars:
Storey
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
2208
6 bars of 25mm
2-1
3312
8 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
4968
12 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
4968
12 bars of 25mm
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
180.53
155.8
4.66
155.80
5-4
2750
25.5
511.2
130.75
13.04
130.75
4-3
2750
25.5
841.87
130.75
21.47
130.75
3-2
2750
25.5
1172.54
130.75
29.90
130.75
2-1
2750
25.5
1503.21
130.75
38.33
130.75
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1833.88
130.75
54.10
130.75
Plinth
29.5
1922.71
56.72
56.72
Footing
255
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.8
5-4
0.19
0.08
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.31
0.08
0.04
0.8
3-2
0.42
0.08
0.06
1.2
2-1
0.54
0.08
0.08
1.6
1- Plinth
0.66
0.08
0.12
2.4
Plinth Footing
0.70
0.03
0.12
2.4
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27 say 6 bars
x (20)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
256
4 x 2208
= 4.5 say 6 bars
x (25)2
2.4
x 230 x 600 = 3312 mm2
100
4 x 3312
= 6.74 bars say 8 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
257
No. of bars:
Storey
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1656
6 bars of 20mm
2-1
2208
6 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
3312
8 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
3312
8 bars of 25mm
258
= 20mm
259
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
137.01
68.42
3.53
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
306.92
36.55
7.83
36.55
4-3
2750
25.5
476.83
36.55
12.16
36.55
3-2
2750
25.5
646.74
36.55
16.49
36.55
2-1
2750
25.5
816.65
36.55
20.82
36.55
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
986.56
36.55
29.10
36.55
Plinth
29.5
1048.36
30.93
30.93
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.11
0.02
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.17
0.02
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.23
0.02
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.30
0.02
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.36
0.02
0.01
0.2
Plinth Footing
0.38
0.02
0.01
0.2
260
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
261
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
279.26
68.42
7.20
68.42
5-4
2750
25.5
685.14
36.55
17.47
36.55
4-3
2750
25.5
1091.02
36.55
27.82
36.55
3-2
2750
25.5
1496.9
36.55
38.17
38.17
2-1
2750
25.5
1902.78
36.55
48.52
48.52
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
2308.66
36.55
68.11
68.11
29.5
2357.89
69.56
69.56
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.10
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.25
0.02
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.40
0.02
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.54
0.02
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.69
0.03
0.1
1- Plinth
0.84
0.04
0.14
2.8
Plinth Footing
0.85
0.04
0.14
2.8
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
262
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
2
x 230 x 600 = 2760 mm2
100
4 x 2760
= 5.62 bars say 6 bars
x (25)2
2.8
x 230 x 600 = 3864 mm2
100
4 x 3864
= 7.87, say 8 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
263
No. of bars:
Storey
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
2760
6 bars of 25mm
1-Plinth
3864
8 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
3864
8 bars of 25mm
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
2900
25.8
180.53
155.8
4.66
155.80
5-4
2750
25.5
480.91
113.98
12.26
113.98
4-3
2750
25.5
781.29
113.98
19.92
113.98
3-2
2750
25.5
1081.67
113.98
27.58
113.98
2-1
2750
25.5
1382.05
113.98
35.24
113.98
1- Plinth
4750
29.5
1682.43
113.98
49.63
113.98
Plinth
29.5
1771.26
52.25
52.25
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
264
Storey
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.8
5-4
0.17
0.07
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.28
0.07
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.39
0.07
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.50
0.07
0.06
1.2
1- Plinth
0.61
0.07
0.1
Plinth Footing
0.64
0.03
0.1
For P = 0.8%
Ast =
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27 say 6 bars
x (20)2
2
x 230 x 600 = 2760 mm2
100
4 x 2760
= 5.62 bars say 6 bars
x (25)2
2.
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1656
6 bars of 20mm
1-Plinth
2760
6 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
2760
6 bars of 25mm
266
= 20mm
267
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
102.83
64.85
2.68
64.85
5-4
2900
25.8
265.825
50.61
6.86
50.61
4-3
2900
25.8
428.82
50.61
11.06
50.61
3-2
2900
25.8
591.815
50.61
15.27
50.61
2-1
2900
25.8
754.81
50.61
19.47
50.61
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
917.805
50.61
27.35
50.61
Plinth
29.8
953.88
28.43
28.43
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.10
0.03
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.16
0.03
0.01
0.2
3-2
0.21
0.03
0.01
0.2
2-1
0.27
0.03
0.01
0.2
1- Plinth
0.33
0.03
0.01
0.2
Plinth Footing
0.35
0.02
0.01
0.2
268
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 16 = 4mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1104
6 bars of 16mm
Plinth footing
1104
6 bars of 16mm
269
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
202.61
89.7
5.29
89.70
5-4
2900
25.8
586.58
86.44
15.13
86.44
4-3
2900
25.8
970.55
86.44
25.04
86.44
3-2
2900
25.8
1354.52
86.44
34.95
86.44
2-1
2900
25.8
1738.49
86.44
44.85
86.44
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
2122.46
86.44
63.25
86.44
29.8
2152.25
64.14
64.14
Plinth
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.07
0.05
0.01
0.2
5-4
0.21
0.05
0.01
0.2
4-3
0.35
0.05
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.49
0.05
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.63
0.05
0.08
1.6
1- Plinth
0.77
0.05
0.14
2.8
Plinth Footing
0.78
0.04
0.14
2.8
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
270
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
1.6
x 230 x 600 = 2208 mm2
100
4 x 2208
= 8 bars
x (20)2
2.8
x 230 x 600 = 3864 mm2
100
4 x 3864
= 7.87 bars say 8 bars
x (25)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 25 = 6.25mm say 8mm
4
4
271
No. of bars:
Storey
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
2208
8 bars of 20mm
1-Plinth
3864
8 bars of 25mm
Plinth footing
3864
8 bars of 25mm
Length
ex,min (mm)
Pu (KN)
(mm)
Mux (KN-
Mux,min
m)
(KN-m)
MuD
Roof 5
3050
26.1
133.97
136.67
3.50
136.67
5-4
2900
25.8
390.87
128.22
10.08
128.22
4-3
2900
25.8
647.77
128.22
16.71
128.22
3-2
2900
25.8
904.67
128.22
23.34
128.22
2-1
2900
25.8
1161.57
128.22
29.97
128.22
1- Plinth
4900
29.8
1418.47
128.22
42.27
128.22
Plinth
29.8
1468.06
43.75
43.75
Footing
Pu
MuD
and
fck x b x D
fck x b x D2
Plot the
P
fck
272
Storey
Pu
fck x b x D
MuD
fck x b x D2
P
From chart
fck
P (%)
Roof 5
0.05
0.08
0.04
0.8
5-4
0.14
0.08
0.02
0.4
4-3
0.23
0.08
0.02
0.4
3-2
0.33
0.08
0.04
0.8
2-1
0.42
0.08
0.04
0.8
1- Plinth
0.51
0.08
0.06
1.2
Plinth Footing
0.53
0.03
0.06
1.2
0.8
x 230 x 600 = 1104 mm2
100
4 x 1104
= 5.49 say 6 bars
x (16)2
For P=1.2%
Ast =
1.2
x 230 x 600 = 1656 mm2
100
4 x 1656
= 5.27 say 6 bars
x (20)2
1
1
x diameter of max main steel bar = x 20 = 5mm
4
4
Ast (mm2)
No.of bars:
Roof-5
1104
6 bars of 16mm
5-4
1104
6 bars of 16mm
4-3
1104
6 bars of 16mm
3-2
1104
6 bars of 16mm
2-1
1104
6 bars of 16mm
1-Plinth
1656
6 bars of 20mm
Plinth footing
1656
6 bars of 20mm
274
6. DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
In the design of footing, the loads are known from the column analysis. The working load is
used for the footing design. Footing is a member through which the load of the superstructure
is transferred to the sub soil. Therefore the safe bearing capacity is the main factor in design
of footings. From the data provided by site engineer the Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the
soil is 250 KN/m2. Therefore the footing is isolated rectangular sloped footing. The slope is
provided to decrease the amount of concrete in the construction which results into an
economic construction.
From the analysis of frames and columns, we considered 6 frames and each frame
consists of 3 footings so totally 18 footings are to be designed. But in this project we
designed the most critical 3 footings based on the load they carried are selected . the design
of remaining footings follow the same.
Footing F19:
Steel
: Fe415
Concrete
: M20
Column
(Pu)
: 982.185 KN
:
982.185
= 654.79 KN
1.5
Consider,
: 250 KN/m2
1.1 x P
1.1 x 654.79
=
= 2.88 m2
SBC of soil
250
275
Af 2.88 x 106
=
= 1515.79 say 1550 mm
Lf
1900
Pu 982.185
=
= 332.95 KN/m2
2.95
Af
X1 =
Lf - D 1900 - 600
=
= 650 mm
2
2
Y1 =
Bf - b 1550 - 230
=
= 660 mm
2
2
276
10
= 55mm
2
d'y = 50 + (3 x
10
)= 65mm
2
277
Depth of foundation:
(Df)x =
109.02 x 106
+ d'x =
+ 55 = 400.97 mm
0.138 x 20 x 330
(Df)y =
137.78 x 106
+ d'y =
+ 65 = 332.05 mm
0.138 x 20 x 700
278
279
dy
from the face of the column.
2
L2 = D +
dy dy
+ = 600 + 385 = 985 mm
2 2
B2 = b +
dy dy
+ = 230 + 385 = 615 mm
2 2
dy
- 50)
2
d2 = Df (Df Df,min) x
d'y
(X1 - 50)
(
385
- 50)
2
65 = 313.75 mm
= 450 (450 150) x
(650 - 50)
(
b 230
=
= 0.385
D 600
280
fy x Astx
)
fck x b' x dx
415 x Astx
)
20 x 330 x 395
4 x 890.74
= 11.34 say 12 bars
x 102
fy x Astx
)
fck x D' x dy
415 x Astx
)
20 x 700 x 385
4 x 1081.2
= 13.77 say 14 bars
x 102
(d y- 50)
d'y
(Y1 - 50)
(385- 50)
65 = 220.24 mm
(660 - 50)
281
Lf + L1
)
2
P
0.25
0.36
0.28
0.50
0.48
c = 0.36 +
(0.48 - 0.36)
x (0.28 0.25) = 0.38 N/mm2
(0.5 - 0.25)
0.38 x 399842.4
= 151.94 KN
1000
load
area
173.96 x 103
0.38 =
A1
282
1900 + 1370
)
2
A1 =457789.47 mm2
To calculate d1:
Lf + L1
)
2
1900 + 1370
)
2
d1 = 255.68 mm
Footing F11:
Load from column
(Pu)
: 2861.68 KN
:
2861.68
= 1907.79 KN
1.5
SBC of soil
Area of footing (Af) :
Consider,
1.1 x P
1.1 x 1907.79
=
= 8.4 m2
SBC of soil
250
Af 8.4 x 10 6
=
= 2709.67 say 2725 mm
Lf
3100
Pu 2861.68
=
= 338.66 KN/m2
Af
8.45
X1 =
Lf - D 3100 - 600
=
= 1250 mm
2
2
Y1 =
Bf - b 2725 - 230
=
= 1247.5 mm
2
2
283
Muy =
16
= 58 mm
2
16
d'y = 50 + (3 x ) = 74 mm
2
Depth of foundation:
(Df)x =
+ d'x =
720.98 x 106
+ 58 = 947.71 mm
0.138 x 20 x 330
(Df)y =
+ d'y =
816.92 x 106
+ 74 = 724.26 mm
0.138 x 20 x 700
dy
from the face of the column.
2
L2 = D +
dy dy
+ = 600 + 926 = 1526 mm
2 2
B2 = b +
dy dy
+ = 230 + 926 = 1156 mm
2 2
dy
- 50)
2
d'y
d2 = Df (Df Df,min) x
(X1 - 50)
(
926
- 50)
2
= 1000 (1000 150) x
74 = 633.45 mm
(1250 - 50)
(
b 230
=
= 0.385
D 600
285
Internal load carrying capacity (Vuc2) = 3.4 x 106 x 0.99 = 3.37 x 106 N
= 3370 KN
External load (VuD2) = Wu x (Lf x Bf L2 x B2)
= 338.66 x (3.1 x 2.725 1.526 x 1.156)
= 2263.41 KN
Therefore, Vuc2 > VuD2 (SAFE)
Design of Steel mesh:
Mux = 0.87 x fy x Astx x d x x (1-
fy x Astx
)
fck x b' x dx
415 x Astx
)
20 x 330 x 942
4 x 2555.91
= 12.71 say 13 bars
x 162
fy x Astx
)
fck x D' x dy
415 x Astx
)
20 x 700 x 926
4 x 2671.98
= 13.29 say 14 bars
x 162
(d y- 50)
d'y
(Y1 - 50)
(926- 50)
74 = 304.21 mm
(1247.5 - 50)
286
Lf + L1
)
2
P
0.25
0.36
0.32
0.5
0.48
c = 0.36 +
(0.48 - 0.36)
x (0.32 0.25) = 0.4 N/mm2
(0.5 - 0.25)
0.4 x 893086
= 357.23 KN
1000
(Pu)
: 1922.71 KN
:
1922.71
= 1281.81 KN
1.5
287
3100 + 2452
)
2
SBC of soil
Area of footing (Af) :
Consider,
1.1 x P
1.1 x 1281.81
=
= 5.64 m2
SBC of soil
250
Af 5.64 x 106
=
= 2190.29 say 2200 mm
2575
Lf
Pu 1922.71
=
= 339.4 KN/m2
Af
5.665
X1 =
Lf - D 2575 - 600
=
= 987.5 mm
2
2
Y1 =
Bf - b 2200 - 230
=
= 985 mm
2
2
288
d'x = 50 +
12
= 56 mm
2
12
d'y = 50 + (3 x ) = 68 mm
2
Depth of foundation:
364.06 x 106
+ 56 = 688.23 mm
0.138 x 20 x 330
(Df)x =
+ d'x =
(Df)y =
423.97 x 106
+ d'y =
+ 68 = 536.45 mm
0.138 x 20 x 700
dy
from the face of the column.
2
L2 = D +
dy dy
+ = 600 + 632 = 1232 mm
2 2
B2 = b +
dy dy
+ = 230 + 632 = 862 mm
2 2
dy
- 50)
2
d'y
d2 = Df (Df Df,min) x
(X1 - 50)
(
632
- 50)
2
= 700 (700 150) x
68 = 475.95 mm
(987.5 - 50)
(
289
b 230
=
= 0.385
D 600
fy x Astx
)
fck x b' x dx
415 x Astx
)
20 x 330 x 644
290
4 x 1929.08
= 17.1 say 18 bars
x 122
fy x Astx
)
fck x D' x dy
415 x Astx
)
20 x 700 x 632
4 x 2051.42
= 18.13 say 19 bars
x 122
(d y- 50)
d'y
(Y1 - 50)
(632- 50)
68 = 289.65 mm
(985 - 50)
Lf + L1
)
2
291
2575 + 1864
)
2
P
0.25
0.36
0.31
0.5
0.48
c = 0.36 +
(0.48 - 0.36)
x (0.31 0.25) = 0.39 N/mm2
(0.5 - 0.25)
0.39 x 696203.175
= 271.52 KN
1000
0.39 =
load
area
308.51 x 103
A1
A1 =791051.28 mm2
To calculate d1:
A1 = (Lf x Dy,min) + (d1 Dy,min) x (
Lf + L1
)
2
2575 +1864
)
2
d1 = 332.38 mm
292
sec =
(150)2+(300)2
= 1.12
300
293
No. of risers =
3350
= 22.33 say 22
150
Provide 11 + 11.
For flight-1: 11 and for Flight-2: 11
Going = 11 x treads = 11 x 300 = 3300mm
Total width of landings = 6000 3300 = 2700 mm
Therefore, width of landing at each end = 1350 mm
294
4750
+ 20 = 189.65mm say 200 mm
28
295
Loads:
Self weight of slab (inclined) = 25 x D x sec
= 25 x 0.2 x 1.12
= 5.6 KN/m2
Weight of steps
Live load
= 5 KN/m2
Floor Finish
= 1 KN/m2
Wu x L2 20.54 x (4.65)2
=
= 44.41 KN-m
10
10
fy x Ast
)
fck x b x d
415 x Ast
)
20 x 1000 x 180
ast x 1000
1000
= x 122 x
= 150.15mm
Ast
4
753.21
296
= 0.12% of Ag
=
0.12
x 200 x 1000 = 240 mm2.
1000
1000
x 82 x
= 209.44mm
4
240
297
8. CONCLUSION
The complete details and the necessity of the Multi-Storeyed building have been
explained in the introduction part. Live loads and dead loads are taken into consideration and
analysis is done manually. Manual analysis comprises of load distribution of slabs on to
beams and calculation of bending moment and shear force by any approximate method.
Analysis of frames is done by the substitute frame method and is furnished in the
introduction part. With the help of moment distribution method the moments carried at each
joints are known.
The design method adopted is limit state method. The bending moments obtained from
chapter 4 are used in calculating the area of steel in each frame section. The percentage of
steel obtained by limit state method is minimum as mentioned in limit state method of IS
456-2000.
Design of columns and footings are done depending on the load acting on them.
This project explains the basic concept behind the software. With the help of any software
we can do this analysis within no time but the basic thing is to know the concept behind it.
The same result can be achieved using the software like Staad-Pro. The wind load and
seismic analysis can be included for the future extension of the project.
298
9. REFERENCE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
299