Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Modul EDU3093 Versi BI
Modul EDU3093 Versi BI
SYNOPSIS
This topic discusses on issues and challenges in current education;
which
include
National
Integration,
Democratization
of
Education,
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
Reflect on the ways to deal with Social Ills in the Malaysian society.
xii.
TOPICS
Democratization of Education
Globalisation in Education
Cultural Diversity
Impact of Information
Communication Technology
(ICT) in Education
Social Ills
Concept
Issues of Present Education
Challenges faced by Teachers
Ways to Deal
1.3
National Integration
1.4.1 Definition
What is national integration? According to Vyas (1993), National
Integration means a process as well as a goal by which all the people
inhabiting in a particular territory irrespective of their religious, ethnic and
linguistic differences, on the basis of certain shared traditions, experiences,
common history and values strive to live together forever with honor and
dignity.
1.4.2 Current Issues of National Integration
Malaysia
consists
of
multi-ethnic
groups
population
which
Education
Policy
and
3
National
Cultural
Policy.
The
Discussion
Discuss in groups how The New Economy Policy, National
Education Policy, National Cultural Policy and Rukun Negara can
develop Malaysia as a peaceful and harmonious country to live in.
ii.
iii.
Democratization of Education
1.5.1 Definition
Democratization of education refers to the equality of access and
opportunities that involves allocation of massive financial and materials
resources; development of policies designed to reduce social and
economic inequalities; to reduce the costs of school attendance such as
fees and costs of materials; and the development of relevant curriculum
and devising of appropriate selection procedures for higher level
educational opportunities (Kiyau, 1981). According to Dewey (1966),
democratization of education means opportunities provided for everyone to
be successful in education and using education as a main tool to be
successful in life and to enjoy better quality of life.
1.6.1 Introduction
The
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific
and
Cultural
11
Globalization in Education
1.7.1 Definition
Globalization refers to the process of enabling financial and
investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of
deregulation and improved communications (Collin dictionary, 2013).
According to Financial Time Lexicon (2013), globalization describes a
process by which national and regional economies, societies and cultures
have
become
integrated
through
the
global
network
of
trade,
12
Administration of education
Teachers quality
Increase in workload
Exercise
Discuss the negative impacts of globalization in the following aspects:
Country
Schools
Teachers
Students
Individuals
14
Cultural Diversity
1.8.1 Definition
Malaysia is a country with multi-ethnic groups which includes the
Malays, Chinese and Indians. Cultural diversity refers to diversity in
customs and culture in a society that is made up of multiple ethnicity and
races. Stavenhagen (1996) states that cultural diversity includes cultural,
religions, ethnicity, practice of tradition which direct towards the tendency
of providing understanding among the ethnic groups.
Develop talents
Negative
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Think
Based on your experience in school, provide one situation on
how your teacher deals with students of difference culture in
your class.
Exercise
You are required to form a group of three and complete the task
follow: Access information and produce a scrap book with Arts &
Heritage of Multi-Ethnic Groups in Malaysia as theme.
1.9
1.9.1 Definition
The development of Information Communication and Technology
has resulted great influences in our life especially education. Application of
ICT in the teaching and learning process has produced a change in
teachers pedagogy. The application of technology has caused revolution
to the techniques of teaching, students learning methods and the whole
education system that is in line with the present era.
1.9.2 Current Education Issues
Assumption about integration of information technology will occur
automatically if there are facilities in school is quite inaccurate as teacher
is the major factor in determining the success or failure on application of
information technology in the teaching and learning process.
17
To what
computers
and
Information
Communication
Technology.
Experiences from the advanced countries revealed that five criteria need
to be fulfilled in order to enhance the exposure and acceptance of teachers
on Information Communication Technology. The five criteria are:
1.10
Social Ills
1.10.1 Definition
Social ills is a phenomenon of modernization phenomenon and
cultural shock that faced by the adolescents. During the adolescents stage,
the individual will face a series of identity crisis which is the formation and
development of self-identity. The failure of dealing with these challenges
will cause adolescents to experience confusion crisis. Confusion crisis
which are unresolved by the adolescents will result social ills. This
phenomenon is one of the threats to human resource which can be a loss
to the nation in the long term. Thus, all social problems that faced by
adolescents should be solved so that they will not continuously threaten
the development and progressiveness of the nation.
21
Peers
Mass media
Modernization
Social ills are a serious illness and need to be cured immediately.
All parties must work together in order to overcome these social ills.
Teachers play an important role in directing the future of the children as to
mould them to become adolescents that can contribute to the
advancement of the nation.
1.10.3 Challenges to Teachers
To what extent are the teachers ready to deal with social ills among
their students? Teachers play a vital role in monitoring their students from
involving in social ills. Teachers need to build close relationship with
students besides understanding their problems. Teachers have to be
sensitive, open minded and always provide positive encouragement to the
students which would make them willing to discuss their problems with the
teacher. Besides that, the enforcement of discipline in school needs to be
well implemented.
Teachers roles
Peers Roles
be a role model
provide motivation
Individuals roles
Police roles
enforcement of laws
Think
As a teacher, are you sensitive to social ills that occur in your school?
List a few social ills that happened in your school; identify factors that
contribute to those social ills and suggest ways on how to overcome
them.
Exercise
You are required to read an article of your choice regarding social
ills. Produce a critical writing of it.
23
1.11
1.
http://eprints.utm.my/6169/1/gejala_sosial.pdf
2.
http://eprints.utm.my/12174/1/JEPC-2011-1-007.pdf
24
Integration Education
ii.
Inclusive Education
iii.
iv.
Cluster School
v.
vi.
25
school
Year
Competition
Nov
2012
Jul
2012
Achievements
Malaysian teams swept 9 medals,
making Malaysia the overall
champion fot the third time
The Malaysian team won a Gold
medal for their invention
Year
Competition
Achievements
May
2012
Oct
2011
Jul
2011
SOURCE: Sports Division, Co-curicullar and Arts Division, Fully Residential and
Excellence Schools Managemant Division, Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013 2025).
Discuss
Based on the TIMSS and PISA results, they show that the achievement
of Malaysian students are far below compared to those from other
countries. However, our students performance at the international level,
especially in sports
happens?
27
Retrieved
from
http://
28
TOPIC 2
2.0
SYNOPSIS
Teachers should always ensure that the teaching dignity and
professionalism should be respected and improved from time to time to a
higher level. As a result the Government Officers (Conduct and Discipline)
Regulations were introduced to serve as a guide for teachers and other
public servants in the performance of responsibilities. In the context of
education, every teacher should fully understand the rules of Conduct and
Discipline 1993 which has been amended in 2002 to protect the good
name of the profession and the public service. The Education Act 1996
also should be closely scrutinized and understood by the teachers in order
to realize the national education goals.
2.1
LEARNING OUTCOME
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
i.
ii.
know and understanding the Education Act 1996 and its importance
to the teaching service.
iii.
29
TOPIC OUTLINE
Teachers and
Legalities
The Regulations of
Public Officials
2.3
Implications towards
the profession
(CONDUCT
AND
Introduction
Teachers are public servants who should comply with all ethics of
civil servants as enshrined in the Code of Conduct (code of conducts) for
all civil servants as provided under rule 4 of Chapter D, General Order
(Government Gazette PU (A) 395 amended 2002). The primary purpose of
regulation is to protect the image of the government in particular and the
Public Service in general.
followed to punish public officials who violate any of the rules in order to
improve their behavior in the future and at the same time serves as a
guide to others. The regulation associated with the task of a teacher is as
under Regulations of the Public Officers (Conduct and Discipline) 1993
(Amendment 2002) (P.U.A246) which commenced on 06.20.2002. The
rules included are as follows:
RULE 3A.
Public servants must comply with the rules laid down and disciplinary
action may be imposed on the defaulting officer.
RULE 3B
An officer is required to give an undertaking as provided in the Public
Officers Regularions (PU.A.176) Appointment, Promotion and Termination
of Service.
RULE 3C
It is the responsibility of an officer to exercise disciplinary control and
supervision over his subordinates and take appropriate action promptly
against any officer who violates any provision of these rules.
Officers who fail to exercise control and supervision or failed to take action
against his subordinate who violates any provision of these rules shall be
deemed to be negligent and irresponsible and he shall be liable to
disciplinary action.
RULE 4 (1)
An officer shall at all times allegiance to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong,
country and the Government.
Officers should always care for; preserve and defend the sovereignty and
national dignity; respect and obedient to the law and strive to serve the
country. Some examples of violation of regulation 4 (1) are as follows:
be dishonest
be irresponsible
32
for professional
RULE 6 : Attire
Amongst the violation of Rule 6 are:
33
2.4
Education Act
The new Act also still retain many relevant provisions of the
Education Act 1961.
2.4.2 The purpose of the enactment of the Education Act 1996 is for:
35
Summary
Education Act is the foundation of the National Education System
which contains all aspects associated with the national education rooted
with the national philosophy. The understanding of the teachers about the
importance of this act is very important when carrying out duties as an
36
Think
Study and analyse the content of the sections in the Education Act
1996 (Act 550) which has been allocated to your group. You are
required to state the implications of the section to pupils, teachers,
schools, curriculum or the National Education System.
Exercise 1
Discuss why a teacher as a public servant needs to comply with all the rules
and regulations of public officials (conduct and discipline) while performing his
official duties.
Rest
Rest a while...before you proceed to the next exercise.
Exercise 2
Make a comparison between the 1961 Act and the Education Act
1996 and discuss its implications on the national education system.
Surf the web
Surf the web for more information.
End
Happy Trying...
37
Person with Disabilities Act 2008 (OKU Act 2008) was introduced
based on the concept of human right which means people with difficulty to
move (physical), see, hear, speak (speech) and learn also have rights in
doing whatever is done by a person without disabilities. It is an act to
provide for the registration, protection, rehabilitation, development and
wellbeing of persons with disabilities, and the establishment of the National
Council for Persons with Disabilities. The Persons with Disabilities Act was
passed on 10th December 2007 in the Malaysian Parliament. The act
came into operation on 7 July 2008. The ministry has targeted two areas,
mainly accessibility and employment as priorities.
Person with Disabilities Act 2008 is a law which protects the rights
of persons with disabilities. The law says that persons with
disabilities will have same opportunity as other people. The act also
38
Public transport
Education
Employment
39
Computer and IT
The
Government
and
the
provider
of
information,
in order to
Cultural life
40
The
government
should
promote
and
strengthen
Health
The government
Non-governmental
organization
intending
to
provide
Summary
Persons with disabilities are part of our society. They have the
rights to enjoy the development of our country in all aspects such as
education, transportation, information and communications technology,
health services, public facilities, security and others. Governments
commitment in helping persons with disabilities is demonstrated in the
Person with Disabilities Act 2008 (OKU Act 2008) and National Council of
Persons with Disabilities.
2.6
b)
b)
ii.
2.6.4 Curriculum
In the implementation of the curriculum of special education,
teachers can adapt and adopt the methodology and techniques of
teaching and learning, allocation of time, arrangement of activities,
subjects and teaching materials to achieve the goals of special education.
43
continuously
especially
the
amendment
of
Education
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas bil.5/1998, Akta Pendidikan 1996 dan Peraturanperaturan akta Pendidikan 1996.
5.
44
TOPIC 3
3.0
SYNOPSIS
Emotional stress does not only exist among adults, but children also
experience emotional stress. The impact of emotional stress on children is
greater than on adults, because children have less experience and ability
to cope with emotional stress. Thus, emotional stress among children,
especially school children cannot be overlooked.
3.1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
identify
measures
to
overcome
the
problem
of
emotional
the
Child 1989
3.2
TOPIC OUTLINE
Emotional
stress among
children
Emotional
disturbance
Emotional
disturbance
among
children
Causes of
emotional
disturbance
Childrens
rights
Steps to
overcome
emotional
disturbance
among
students
45
Childrens
rights
Childrens
rights in
Malaysia
Efforts to
protest
children
Lack of appetite
Depression
Lack of confidence
Bedwetting
Irritable
46
Strange behavior
Discussion
Discuss with your classmates steps that you can perform to identify
students who are experiencing emotional disturbance.
Family
Parental favoritism
Peer Factors
Teacher Factor
School Factors
Environmental factors
Activity 1
Individually, you are required to make a mind map on the
causes of emotional disturbance among students.
48
needs
and
requirements of students
Lets Think
How could you help children who suffer from emotional disturbances
due to stress caused by teacher in your school.
3.4
CHILDRENS RIGHT
capital
should be
and
being
Right to participation
Children should be allowed to participate actively in all events that
involved their life and are free to give their views and opinions. They
have a right to be heard and taken seriously
Article 6: All children have the inherent right to life and the state has an
obligation to ensure the existence of the child's development
parents or
guardians.
Article 8: The State has an obligation to protect, and if necessary
strengthen the fundamental aspects of identity, including nationality and
family ties.
51
Article 12: All children have the right to express their views freely in all
matters relating to children.
Visit the Web site: http://www.scribd.com/doc/101029420/528konvensyen-Mengenai-Hak-Kanak-kanak-Versi-Bergambar
Read carefully the information contained in the Convention on the
Rights of the Child. Identify the rights included therein. Discuss with
your lecturer and classmates.
3.5
Children in Malaysia are valuable asset for the future of this country.
Therefore, children in Malaysia are protected from any types of negative
acts such as abuse, neglect , exploitation and slavery . Protection will be
given to children who have been abused either physically, emotionally or
sexually. Issues of abuse, molestation, neglect and exploitation by
caregivers is a continuous phenomenon and need to be combated. The
Malaysian government is looking at these issues as a disaster and threat
to the national development. Those who commit abuse, neglect and
exploitation of children will be severely punished .
Children in Malaysia are given the right to associate and play with their
peers freely without restrictions. Through play they can interact with their
peers, thus
regardless of race, ethnicity, color of the skin, religion and others . Children
in Malaysia are not prohibited to join and become members of associations
and clubs.
3.6
Children are most likely being assaulted or abused from the aspects
of physical, emotional and sexual.
54
Children who are involved with any of the offenses in Chapter XVI
of the Penal Code.
55
The term children pursuant to this act are those aged less than 18
years.
The Act provides for the duties and responsibilities of the legal
parents or guardians to care for their children's condition.
are
among the closest to the child . They are also likely to find out why
a child is being abused.
or
Exercises
References
Lori Lite, (2014). Stress Free Kids: A Parent's Guide to Helping Build Self-Esteem,
Manage Stress, and Reduce Anxiety in Children, Massachuset, USA,
Adam Media.
Marion, M. (2003). Guidance of young children, 6th Ed. Columbus, Ohio:
Merrill/Prentice-Hall.
Robert J. Haggerty, (1996).Stress, Risk, and Resilience in Children and
Adolescents: Processes, Mechanismes and Interventions, Cambridge, UK,
Cambridge University Press.
See Ching Mey dan Lee Siew Siew , (2005). Kemurungan Di kalangan pelajar:
Satu Kajian Kes , Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan,Jil. 20, 113129
http://www.heartmath.org/free-services/downloads/helping-children-managestress.html
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-054/350-054_pdf.pd
http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID
58
TOPIC 4
4.0
SYNOPSIS
Teachers responsibilities at present are getting more challenging
not only because of the teaching profession itself but it is also due to the
high expectation from the society towards teachers and schools. Thus, the
stability of the teachers emotions are needed to avoid stress in carrying
out their responsibilities. Duly a teacher should have the ability to carry out
all the given responsibilities without having any stress. This is because a
teacher plays an important role to develop a balanced human capital in the
aspects of physical, emotion, spiritual, intellect and social. Therefore, it is
very important for a teacher to manage the tasks and responsibilities given
to them without any stress and pressure. If a teacher fails to manage
his/her emotion and stress it will be difficult for him/her to develop human
capital as what is aspired in the National Education Policy.
4.1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic you should be able to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
59
4.2
TOPICS OUTLINE
Emotional Stress
Among Teachers
Stress
4.3
Burn out
Measures to manage
stress
STRESS
types of stress
anticipation stress.
Imaginative Stress
Imaginative stress occurs when an individual imagines of a negative
or frightful things. For example; you are alone in your house and you hear
noises outside your house. Consequently you would imagine that a thief is
trying to break into your house.
Reactive Stress
Reactive stress occurs due to our past experiences and events. It
happens naturally. For example; when you experience the loss of your
loved ones. The process of reminiscing the past could cause the reactive
stress to occur.
61
b.
c.
Unable to manage time for work and time spent for the family.
d.
e.
Financial
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Personality
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
62
b.
c.
d.
e.
Life Events
a.
b.
One who has bad memories that keep haunting his life.
c.
d.
Always feeling lonely. This situation would cause one to feel bored
and stress.
e.
Separation with the loved ones that could cause unhappiness and
stress.
Environment
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Relationship
a.
b.
Feeling that friends are unable to listen to the problems that one
wants to share.
c.
d.
e.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Feels that the education policy is making lots of changes and too
burdening.
Decreased self-esteem.
Behaviour
Characteristics
Likes to procrastinate, avoid from doing any work and playing truant.
64
Physical Signs
Characteristics
Respiratory disorders.
Summary
Stress can affect many aspects of an individuals life. To avoid
stress the individual should be able to identify the situation that could
cause stress and how one could cope with it. The more one understands
about oneself then he can handle the situations better.
65
4.4.1 Introduction
Burnout was introduced by Freudenberger (Wood, 2000). Burnout
is defined as a condition caused by depersonalization, fatigue and a
declining achievement.
fatigue due to extreme and prolonged stress. This situation will result in an
individual becoming lost interest and motivation to continue to perform the
duties and tasks of everyday life.
Temperamental
Cynical
Faint hearted
Feeling useless
Feeling helpless
Lack of productivity
The last effect which is more severe is the individual is not able to
function properly anymore.
Physical signs
- feeling tired all the time, low immunity, changes in sleeping and eating
time, headache, backache and muscle ache.
66
67
BURNOUT
Lose energy
Resulting anxiety
Physical injury
Hurt feelings
Summary
By reading this module it has helped you to understand on the
concept of burnout, its signs, the causes of burnout, its implications and
how to overcome burnout. Effective teachers are those who can deal with
their own problems and continue to move forward to carry out
responsibilities excellently as well as making themselves happy.
68
Drugs and alcohol are just to get rid of the symptoms of stress but
when you stop taking them, stress would definitely be back.
Rest a while
When doing a job make sure to stop for a while to minimize stress.
Perform stretching, walk or make a call to a friend. Upon returning
to continue the work make sure you can do the job more
effectively.
Reduce interference
When doing an important work make sure that you are not
disturbed. For example; turn off the sound of the phone, close the
door of the room or go to a place where people cannot find you.
69
Do meditation
Get advice
Asking for help, advice and insights does not mean you are
weak. There are many resources that can help to resolve stress.
So take the opportunity to meet and listen to motivational advice
by experts or counsellors.
Learn to say NO
Do not feel guilty for saying no. Doing and adding projects or
other work when you are busy will cause increased stress. Talk
to your supervisor if you have any problems regarding work.
70
Summary
As a whole, stress is very common and unavoidable. Stress can be
a pressure that could bring benefits but it can also be the cause of failure
in life. If stress is not dealt and controlled in a wise manner it could bring
unhealthy effect and cause harm. Thus, a simple approach on how to deal
with stress should be emphasized so that we can have a better life.
References
Cockburn, A. (1996). Teaching under pressure: Looking at primary teachers
stress. London:Falmer Press
Kyriacous, C. & Sutcliffe, J. (1978a). A model of teacher stress. Educational
Studies, 4,hlmn 1-6
Mohd
Perkembangan.
Kuala
Mohd Taib Dora dan Hamdan Abd Kadir (2006). Mengurus Stres Selangor :
PTS Wood
71
TOPIC 5
5.0
SYNOPSIS
Our country is moving forward to achieve goals of Wawasan
2020 using our own mould. As an educator, we must prepare
ourselves to face the innovation and education changes. Teachers
have to be wise in dealing with all the changes in the education system;
identify and adapt various innovative strategies and methods in
education; skilful in using all technology in teaching and prepare one
self for education changes. Teachers also need to be good in planning
innovative resource design; and assessment and evaluation design.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic you should be able to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
72
TOPIC OUTLINE
INNOVATION AND
EDUCATIONAL
CHANGES
INNOVATIVE
TEACHING
STRATEGIES
5.3
USE OF
TECHNOLOGY IN
TEACHING
DEVELOPMENT
OF LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT
RESOURCE
DESIGN
INNOVATIVE
ASSESSMENT
AND
EVALUATION
DESIGN
Characteristics of
PBL
Group-based implementation
procedures; involves the collection,
processing and reporting - material,
information, data and self-reflection.
1.Giving assignments:
Pose curriculum problems.
Assignments should
take into account the capacity
and ability of students.
5. Reflection: presentation,
coordination and refinement of the
project.
Ensure learners to reflect - what
works, that did not work and the
modified.
74
Encourage them to get ready to bear the risk of sharing ideas and
views respectively.
75
i.
ii.
iii.
problem-solving skills.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Submit a problem
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
"Debriefing"
vii.
Exercise
Suggest three learning activities conducted in PBL.
i.
_______________________________________________
ii.
_______________________________________________
iii.
_______________________________________________
5.3.3 Electronic Learning
Concept
Dimensions of collaborative learning through face to face
discussion or interaction can be further extended and expanded online
either parallel (synchronous) or non-parallel. Through this approach,
students have a more flexible learning time to interact with each other or
with the lecturer. Students can save time in the process of strengthening
information-fact discussion via the internet without having to leave the
online discussion. ICT info structure aspects of e-learning consists of three
main components of computer hardware (server systems, network
systems and computer users), software and e-learning applications and
various categories of users (teachers, students, instructional designers,
content developers, and staff technical).
77
Online learning
ii.
iii.
Self-proportion of students
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
ii.
iii.
External links
v.
Chat rooms
vi.
Automatic quiz
vii.
Take a break.....
5.4
ii.
Internet in teaching - the use of email, blogs, portals and web sites
help teachers to guide and reinforce learning.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
The use of ICT in teaching- The best approach is using ICT that
suits students needs and could generate expected outcomes in
reasonable time frame. (PPK, 2001).
79
2.
3.
4.
5.
Make teaching and learning process more active and create fun
learning environment.
6.
7.
8.
Making notes
Make reference / advanced search on the concept of technology in
teaching
Discussion
Try to share your experience in the use of new technologies in
teaching.
5.5
80
81
Virtual Learning
Intelligent Learning
Open Learning
Environment
Environment
Environment
Online learning
Problem-solving
A learning approach
occurs in many
entirely online or in a
situations
that provides
different forms
combination of online
--------------------------------
----------------------------
constructivism
to students about
known as blended
--------------------------------
-----------------------------
Discovery learning
----------------------------
Students must be
learning content
registered
----------------------------
obtained through
-----------------------------
e-learning
various media
Information and
----------------------------
software
learning activities
encourage different
----------------------------
included in the
Students themselves
perspectives
determine the
bulletin board
---------------------------\-
direction of learning
-----------------------------
provides self-learning
----------------------------
Control by Learning
Social interaction
Management System
students
----------------------------
Learning Environment
-----------------------------
(databases,
----------------------------
No social interaction
computer tutorials,
Word processor,
E-mail, Audio,
media (textbooks,
weblogs,Photo
journal articles), or
Sharing Service,
humans (experts,
Web browser-
parents, teachers,
Firefox, windows,
peers)
Skype instant
messaging etc.
82
Exercise
Get more information via internet on the different characteristics
between virtual learning environment and personalized learning
environment.
Take a break
5.6
Resource Design
Concept
Resource design is used to develop a variety of teaching and
learning materials such as traditional resources like printed material, 2-D
and 3-D materials or latest resources such as computer-aided materials
with a variety of audio-visual media, access information, online learning
and social networking.
Purpose of Resource Design
Student-centered learning.
83
Types of
Resource
Design
ICT-BASED
TECHNOLOGY
e- book
e-magazine
NOT ICT
BASED
e-portfolio
Blogs and
Forums
2-D material
3-D material
1.
competency
level
and
learning
style.
General
such as:
prepare materials
3.
4.
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5.7
Save time
Evaluation Purpose
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
vi.
vii.
Assessment of Learning
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that learning takes
place as planned, and assists teachers to plan teaching and learning
activities. Assessment can provide feedback to teachers and students to
improve teaching and learning.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Development checklist
ii.
Learning portfolio
iii.
Learning report
Characteristics of Performance Assessment
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
B. Portfolio Assessment
Portfolio is a form of evidence of learning development process.
Preparation of portfolio is a requirement in the performance assessment.
Provision of systematic portfolio contains the following features:
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ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
i.
ii.
Plan contents
iii.
Design analysis
iv.
v.
vi.
C. Self Assessment
Self assessment involves students assessing themselves; what
they have learned and how they learned it. Students will monitor their
development and their learning progress based on the objectives and
learning outcomes.
Procedures of Self Assessment
i.
ii.
iii.
v.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
90
innovative
assessment
now
different
with
traditional
assessment?
FINISH
References:
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TOPIC 6
6.0
SYNOPSIS
Innovation and changes in education are aimed to produce creative
and innovative human capital. As educators, teachers must understand
their roles and be prepared to deal with changes. They should understand
the importance of innovation and able to adapt it in daily routine. This is
because innovation and change will provide impacts on every aspect of
the educational programme implemented. These changes will also
improve the quality of teacher. As guidance, Education Quality System will
control the direction of change.
6.1
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this topic, students will be able to;
i.
ii.
iii.
6.2
TOPIC FRAMEWORK
QUALITY SYSTEM
OF EDUCATION
MALAYSIA
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6.3
INTRODUCTION
Innovation and change will happen from time to time. The ultimate
goal is to contribute to organizational change, growth and development. In
the context of education, each unit or individuals in the organization must
be willing to make a move and make changes in order to improve the
quality of education.
Borderless world
concept has spread in the world of education. Today students can obtain a
variety of information and data from a virtual library. It is clear that the goal
of innovation today will produce positive changes such as;
Power Strategy
The administration will use formal authority and control to force the
members to comply with all rules and regulations. For example, the
enforcement of working time. Various methods are used such as punch
cards or fingerprints (thumb print). To ensure that this rule is followed, the
concept of reward and discipline is practiced.
Persuasion Strategy
Re-Education Strategy
Facilitation Strategy
In this case, the target group will determine their plans and the agent of
change will provide the necessary resources. This action is to ensure that
there is no impediment to the target group to continue the planned
changes. For example, teachers in special education classes for the
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6.6
96
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and focus on
humanistic approach.
and various other skills. Global Perspectives related to education are also
considered as Education For All (EFA), Education for International
Understanding (EIU), Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and
also the four pillars of UNESCO's education (Pillars of Education). Below
are the focus of the learning outcomes to be achieved over the four years
of study:
Professional Ethics
Intellectual Skills
Practical Skills
Transmissibility Skills
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For better understanding of this program, you are asked to refer to PGSR
Handbook or screen website
http://www.edu.my/uploaded/ModulPGSR/PRA3105.pdf.
All PPLD
under the age of 47 are eligible to apply and follow the PPG.
It is
estimated that the number of teachers who will join the program is nearly
100,000 people consisting of 8,686 primary school teachers and 91,171
secondary school teachers.
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are
added
such
as
Creativity
and
Innovation,
National
Education
Assessment
System
SPPK
is
School based
Centre based
Psychometric assessment
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passed the screening process, the ministry has set some criteria to be
accepted as SBT;
A benchmark and model for other schools within and outside the
country
using
international
standards
such
as
Trends
in
102
Please visit
http://www.moe.gov.my/upload/galeri_awam/circulars/1288585406.pdf.
Based on this information, perform activities of discussion with your
lecturer about the implications of SBT to school leaders, teachers and
pupils.
6.6.5 The Smart School
Malaysian Smart School is a learning institution designed
holistically in terms of the practice of teaching, learning, school
management in order to prepare students to face the eruption of the
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For a better understanding of the Smart School concept you are asked to
refer the website http://www.scribd.com/doc/71317341/Sekolah-Bestari
104
6.7.1 Background
To ensure the quality of education in educational institutions to rise
steadily the School Inspectorate has introduced a mechanism of Higher
Education Quality Standards Now, it is known as Education Quality
System. Implementation of this standard gives the opportunity to the Chief
Inspector of Schools to ensure that the standard of teaching is developed
and maintained in educational institutions. The system is outlined in three
documents namely;
Schools are able to use all the input provided by the procedure.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/3227456/-SKPM-standard-kualiti-
pendidikan-malaysia
After studying and understanding the concept of this topic, how do you
realize this while teaching?
Summary
Innovation and changes that occur in the field of education aims to
produce creative and innovative human capital. As educators, they must
understand their roles and prepared for these changes. This is due to
innovation and change will have implications in every aspect of the
educational program in place. These changes will improve the quality of
teacher human capital produced. As guidance, Education Quality System
will control the direction of change.
6.8
6.8.1 Background
In October 2011, The Ministry of Education has launched a
comprehensive review of the education system in Malaysia in order to
develop a new national Education Blueprint. The decision was made in the
context of raising international education standards, the Governments
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2.
3.
Access
100% enrolment across all levels from preschool to upper
secondary by 2020.
2.
Quality
To be top third of countries in international assessments such as
PISA and TIMMS in 15 years.
3.
Equity
50% reduction in achievement gaps (urban-rural, socio-economic,
gender ) by 2020
4.
Unity
An education system that gives children shared values and
experiences by embracing diversity
5.
Efficiency
A system which maximises student outcomes within current budget
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Thinking
Skills
Bilingual
proficienc
y
Ethics and
Spirituality
Leadership
Skills
National
Identity
Knowledge
Knowledge
At the most basic level, every child will be fully literate and numerate.
Beyond this, it is important that students master core subjects such as
Mathematics and Science, and are informed with a rounded general
knowledge of Malaysia, Asia, and the world. This would include their
histories, people, and geography. Students will also be encouraged to
develop their knowledge and skills in other areas such as the arts, music,
and sports.
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Thinking skills
Every child will learn how to continue acquiring knowledge throughout their
lives (instilling a love for inquiry and lifelong learning), to be able to connect
different pieces of knowledge, and to create new knowledge. Every child
will master a range of important cognitive skills, including critical thinking,
reasoning, creative thinking, and innovation. This is an area where the
system has historically fallen short, with students being less able than they
should be in applying knowledge and thinking critically outside familiar
academic contexts.
Leadership skills
Bilingual Proficiency
The education system will inculcate strong ethics and spirituality in every
child to prepare them to rise to the challenges they will inevitably face in
adult life, to resolve conflicts peacefully, to employ sound judgement and
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National identity
110
111
Wave 1 (2013-2015)
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Rolling out 1BestariNet to all schools to integrate ICT into day-today learning
Rolling out dedicated principal coaches for Band 5,6 and 7 schools
and enhanced selection criteria for principals to improve quality of
school leadership
Wave 2 (2016-2020)
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Wave 3 (2021-2025)
Pupils
Teachers
School leaders
Parents
References
115
Abdullah Sani bin Yahaya. (1997). Mengurus Sekolah. Kuala Lumpur : PTS
Profesional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.
Ishak Sin. (2003). Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Pengajaran: Gaya
manakah yang diperlukan Oleh Pengetua. Jurnal Pengurusan Dan
Kepimpinan Pendidikan. 02(13). IAB. Genting Highlands. Pp 01 11.
Kamaruddin Hj. Husin.(1994). Asas Pendidikan III: Perkembangan dan
Perlaksanaan Kurikulum. Kuala Lumpur: Longman.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Pendidikan 2006-2010.
(2006).
Pelan
Induk
Pembangunan
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