CHEST

Respiratory system
INSPECTION,
PALPATION,PERCUSSION,
AUSCULTATION
NORMAL BREATH SOUNDS
Vesicular-soft intencity,low
pitched[bronchioles&alveoli] heard
on inspiration at the base of the

 Broncho-vesicular ;moderate
intencity&pitch,air moving through larger
airway[bronchi]-equally heard on
inspiratory&expiratory phase between the
scapula& sternum at the first&second
intercostal space
Bronchial; high pitched ,loud sounds created
by air moving through the trachea have
ashort inspiratory phase &long expiratory
phase heard at anteriorly over the trachea

 ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS [ADVENTITIOUS

BREATH SOUNDS]-Occurs when narrowed
airways filled with fluid or
mucous,swelling&tumours or when pleural
lungs are inflamed
CRACKLES; Heard lower lung lobes with
inspiration&both because fluid or mucous in
the airpassages
Gurgles[rhonchi] ;Heard over most lung areas
but predominent over the trachea&bronchi
with expiration&both[continuous low
pitched ,harsh,louder moaning or snoring
quality because of swelling ,secretion &tumors

 FRICTION;Heard lower anterior&lateral

chest-during inspiration &expiration but
not relieved by coughing because of
inflamed pleura
WHEEZE;Heard over all lung field [on
expiration continuos, high
pitched,squeaky musical sounds]because
air passing a constricted bronchus as
aresult of secretions, swelling, tumors
[not altered by coughing]

 CHEST DEFORMITIES [KyphosisOSTEOPOROSIS

ALTER THE SIZE OF THE CHEST CAVITY]
PIGEON CHEST[PECTUS CARINATUM]-Permanent
deformity caused by rickets,increased anterio
posterior diameter
Funnel chest [pectus excavatum]
Barrel chest ;abnormal pressure on theheart
may result in altered function
Thoracic kyposis [excessive convex curvature of
the spine]-congenital,sternum depressed
Emphysema [dilated or distented alveoli]
Scoliosis [lateral deviation]