K THUT TRNG, CHM SC CHANH DY

p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v din tch trng Chanh dy (mc mc hay lc tin)
v gip b con nng dn hiu thm v loi cy trng ny. Chng ti xin gii thiu quy trnh
k thut trng v chm sc, bn phn hp l cho cy Chanh dy t hiu qu cao hn.
I. Yu cu kh hu t ai:
Cy chanh dy ni chung khng kn t, nhng tt nht l chn t thot nc tt,
khng ng nc. t c thnh phn c gii nh, tng canh tc su >50 cm, mn trn
1% v pH 5,5-6. vng t bng phng, m p, m t, chanh dy pht trin rt tt.
Chanh dy i hi kh hu m v m, lng ma trung bnh t 1.600mm tr ln, phn
b u, c bit trong thi k ra hoa t b ma bo. Nhit thch hp t 16 30oC, khng c
sng mui.
Ging qu tm thch hp vng nhit i, cao 1000-1200m so mt bin cho cht
lng qu tt. Ngc li ging qu vng thch hp vng nhit i, cao <600m.
II. K thut trng
1. Nhn ging:
Hin nay ti Lm ng ch yu s dng ging qu tm (i nng F1), kh nng t th
phn cao, t bin d, c th nhn ging bng ht. tng kh nng chng chu su bnh, tuyn
trng v kh nng sinh trng pht trin ngi ta dng ging qu tm ghp ln gc ghp l
ging qu vng. Ging phi sch bnh, cy ging c nh sinh trng (ngn) mp khe, b r
rm, c ngun gc, xut x r rng.
2. Chun b t trng:
Cy Chanh dy trng c trn mi a hnh. Thch hp vi cc loi t thong xp,
giu cht hu c nh: t tht nh, t Bazan t qu chua hoc qu kim cng nh
hng ti sinh trng pht trin ca cy.
- Lm sch c di, co san cho mt t bng phng.
- Trn cc a hnh t dc nn lm cc rnh thot nc trnh ra tri, xi mn.
- o h kch thc 60 x 60 x 60cm, b lp t mt 1 bn. Bn vi 0,5 kg/h sau tin
hnh bn lt phn chung 10-15kg + 0,5 kg ln/h. Trn u vi lp t mt.
3. Mt khong cch trng:
Ty theo iu kin t ai v kh nng thm canh, c th trng cc mt :
400cy/ha:
khong cch 5x 5m
500cy/ha:
khong cch 5x 4 m
625 cy/ha:
khong cch 4x4 m
4. Lm gin:
Do l loi cy leo nn cn lm gin. C th lm theo kiu gin mp hoc kiu ch T.
Gin kiu ch T chanh dy pht trin tt hn do nh sng tip xc b mt tn ln, hn ch
nm bnh. Nn lm gin cao 1,8-2m vi cc tr tre, g hoc b tng, bn trn cng li thp
vi khong cch vung 40 x 40cm cho cy leo.
5. K thut trng
- Lm ng c th trng c quanh nm nhng thi im trng thch hp nht l
vo gia v cui ma ma.
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- Phn bn lt nh phn chung hoai, phn vi sinh, phn m, Ln, NPK theo liu
lng thch hp trn u vi lp t mt vo trong h.
- Dng dao sc ct bu nilong, t cy con xung gia h, lp t nh xung quanh gc.
Sau trng cn ti nc nh gi m (nu khng c ma).
6. Quy trnh bn phn
p dng quy trnh bn phn chuyn dng cho cy Chanh dy ca Cng ty c phn Bnh
in Lm ng
Bn lt: Ngoi s lng phn chung, Ln, Vi theo tp qun cn bn theo quy trnh
sau: 1,5 2 kg phn Hu c Chanh Dy u tru + 0,1 0,2 kg NPK 15-9-13+TE u tru
chuyn chanh dy/cy.
Bn thc: T khi trng n cy con 2 thng tui: Bn: 0,1 0,2 kg NPK 15-9-13+TE
u tru chuyn chanh dy / cy cho mi ln bn. Thng bn 2 ln.
T 2 thng tui n 6 thng tui: Bn 0,2 0,3 kg NPK 15-9-13+TE u tru chuyn
chanh dy / cy cho mi ln bn. Thng bn 2 ln.
Chanh dy thi k kinh doanh: Bn 0,1 0,2 kg NPK 15-9-13+TE u tru chuyn
chanh dy / cy cho mi ln bn, kt hp 0,5 1 kg phn Hu c chanh dy u tru / cy.
Thng bn 2 ln.
7. Ch chm sc
Ti nc
Cy chanh dy l loi cy cn m cao, lng nc nhiu v thng xuyn v vy
thng ti 2 ngy 1 ln, nht l vo ma kh cn ti lng nc nhiu hn s gip cho cy
ra chi, ra hoa v u qu lin tc, yu cu nc nhiu giai on lm tri v pht trin tri
nu thiu nc s lm rng hoa, tri hoc tri teo li.
Ct ta, to tn
Vic ct ta to tn nn lm thng xuyn to ra cc cnh th cp mi phn b u trn
mt gin gip cho cy ra hoa u tri c tt hn.
Khi cy ln gin cn to hnh, ta cnh thng xuyn, c bit l ta bt l vo thi k
ma ma va hn ch nm bnh pht trin gy hi ng thi nhm c ch sinh trng,
gip cho cy ra nhiu n, u nhiu tri.
Vic ct ta c tin hnh thng xuyn. Sau thu hoch ct ht tt c cc cnh trn mt
gin cho tri. li thn v cc cnh t mt t ti gin. Sau cy s ra chi mi, phn
cnh cp 2, 3 v cc cnh qu. Nu chanh dy khng c n ta hon ton vo cui nm,
sang nm s nh hng rt ln n sinh trng v pht trin, c bit lm hn ch n nng
sut.
Phng tr su bnh
Bnh hi:
- Chanh dy thng gp mt s bnh nh bnh m nu (brown spot) l loi bnh ph
bin nht, do nm Alternaria passiflorae gy nn, bnh gh (scab) do nm Cladosporium
horbarum, bnh m do Septoria gy nn.
- Bnh m vi khun do vi khun Pseudomonas passiflorae;
Bnh sn si: Gy ra bi nm Septoria passiflorae.
Bnh phn trng: gy ra bi nm Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
2

Phng tr: i vi cc bnh do nm gy ra c th dng cc lai thuc: Daconil,

Derosal, Tilt, Ridomil Gold... Bnh sn si, phn trng C th s dng cc loi thuc Viaphos
80BTN, carbenzim 50HP Vicuron 250SC, Workup 9SL
Bnh do vi khun: dng cc lai thuc gc ng, New Kasuran, Starner...
Su hi:
- Cc loi rui c tri Dacus dorsalis, Dacus cucurbitae. Dng thuc dit rui SOFRI
protein, ch cn phun di tn mi cy mt khong 30 cm x 30cm cch mt t 0,8 1,0m,
hoc mt rui t th 1 cy phun 1 cy cha, s dn d rui n v cht.
Dng by dn d Methyl Eugenol (Vidubon) hoc t lm bng dm pha ng v t
thuc tr su, t ri rc cch 5-10 m mt by.
- Nhn , rp: Dng cc loi thuc Nissoran, commite, Bifentox 30ND, Vibamec
1.8EC, Vineem 1500EC, supracide 40EC liu lng s dng theo khuyn co trn bao b
sn phm.
- B tr (Thips), ry cc loi: Vertimec, Tp k, Mospilan, Vineem1500EC,
Confidor... phng tr.
Khi phun thuc ch trnh thi gian cy n hoa vo sng sm, nh hng n kh nng
th phn ca hoa.
Cn thm ng rung thng xuyn pht hin su bnh hi kp thi phng tr c
hiu qu tt. Nn p dng cc bin php phng tr tng hp.
8. Thu hoch v bo qun
- Thu hoch nn tin hnh ng lot, thu tt c cc tri gn chn v chn hon ton nhm
t trng lng tri ti a cho nng sut cao. Thu hoch trnh lm cho v qu b try xc c
hc lm nh hng n mu m v vi sinh vt gy hi xm nhp vo trong qu.
- Bo qun ni thong mt, chn phn loi qu trc khi ng hp vn chuyn.
Phng k thut Cng ty CP Bnh in L
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